This thesis is written from the perspective of political sociology; it conducts careful analysis and research about government functions, social environments and the interactive mechanism of the rural land system in the process of political change in ...
This thesis is written from the perspective of political sociology; it conducts careful analysis and research about government functions, social environments and the interactive mechanism of the rural land system in the process of political change in South Korea and China since the founding of these two countries. South Korea and China have put a great effort into relative laws and policies, as the rural land problem is a core task of national construction. It is significant for both countries to regard each other as references in the legal system of rural land. This study attempts to put forward constructive advice about the development of the rural land system in China after its reform and open-door policy, based on analysis and studies of South Korean experiences.
The study combines the method of searching documents, theoretical analysis and historical comparative analysis. The innovative and proper research framework is constructed in this study through the consolidation of government function theory, social conflict theory, relative theory of comparative historical research and general political system analysis theory in the western sociology theory system, which provide theoretical background and an objective basis for the study.
The relative study of South Korea in the second chapter focuses on the period from the United States Army Military Government Phase to the Kim Young-sam Phase. The policy approach of rural community environment and related contents and the achievements of the legal system of rural land in South Korea during the various political periods includes the reform of rural land to the Agricultural Land Act. All of these phases can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the influence of the social environment on the government function has gradually increased but geopolitics and the international situation has gradually reduced. Secondly, the social influence of rural social conflicts has declined while urban social conflicts have increased along with the advancement of the national modernization process. Thirdly, the economic development under political authority is the basis of success, and political democratization is the ultimate thrust towards the perfecting and maturing of the rural land system in South Korea.
The relative study of China in the third chapter focuses on a period from the Mao Zedong phase to the Xi Jinping phase. It clarifies the relative study of political views and choices of political leaders and the rural land problem solving methods in the various periods. It is the analysis and research of the relationship between government function and the system from land reform towards the people's commune, and from the household contract responsibility system to recent times. The rural land system in China needs to be improved. It mainly displays the following three characteristics on its development path. First, the development path of the rural land system still passes down on one continuous track, though china's social environment was different before and after the reform and open-door policies. Second, China's rural social conflicts still exists and have the characteristics of diversification and complexity. Third, the structure of social strata after reform and open-door policy is multivariate, the political appeal and social participation of the farmers group is gradually increasing and it is urgent to solve the social conflicts in rural areas.
Upon the analysis of the above two chapters and on the related theories of comparative historical study and the theoretical model of this research, the following four aspects are studied in the fourth chapter of the thesis. There is the development path of the rural land legal system in South Korea and China, the rural land system and agricultural production, rural land system and rural social changes and the development law of rural land system. It’s possible to get a better understanding and comprehension of the similarities and differences in the process of promoting a rural land legal system through comparative analysis of multiple directions, for the different political and social conditions of South Korea and China. Especially, some specific suggestions and ideas are given in this chapter about the development of China's future rural land system through comparative analysis of the identity of cultivator and land rights.
Finally, the conclusions are as follow through induction to this study. First, the related contents in the legal process of rural land system can be comparatively studied through the theoretical analysis of South Korea and China, in a backdrop of different political systems. Second, the development path of the rural land legal system in South Korea is more mature and advanced compared to China. Third, the rule of law is a necessary process to replace the ruling of men in the course of a rural land system. Fourth, an authoritarian government is the preliminary condition of the comprehensive opening of the democratic consultation mechanism, but the rule of the law establishment is the basic premise to improve the social conflict adjustment ability.