한국어 종결어미 '-다'의 자향성 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The final ending -ta has been treated as an unmarked declarative form in Korea. In spoken languages, however, -ta could represent various meanings related to the speaker’s internal states, personal experiences and personal knowledge. Moreover, -ta represents a different meaning in the first person and third person in declarative sentences.
In this paper, it sees the final ending -ta as a egophoric marker in Korean and evaluates the various meanings of -ta as a concept of egophoricitiy. Egophoricity is a general phenomenon of linguistically flagging the personal knowledge, experience, or involvement of self-conscious. As egophoric markers represent privileged access of primary knower, it typically occurs in the restricted distribution, first person declarative and second person interrogative clauses. Egophoric markers, however, could occur in a range of other environments to varying semantic and pragmatic effect. For example, egophoric markers can be used with second or third person subjects when it represent [certainty], [peripheral involvement] and [epistemic authority].
In order to investigate the distinguished meaning of -ta, comparative analysis with final ending of -eo and -ne was carried out first. As a result, unlike other final endings, -ta is identified to represent the meaning of [control], [volition], [epistemic superiority] and [authority]. In sum, in this paper, it is proposed the basic meaning of -ta is [speaker's superior status].
According to the analysis of 321,690 script lines from 5 major mainstream dramas, the final ending -ta represents egophoric distribution and semantics of egophoricity. In first person declarative, -ta describes speaker’s [privileged access] by expressing [internal states], [volition], and [personal experience]. Expressing volition could extend to promise, warning, and asking permission compulsory. In second and third person declarative, speaker’s [exclusive discovery], [peripheral involvement], [certain prediction], [perspective shift] and [control] can be represented based on the [speaker’s epistemic authority].
In the interrogative sentence, -ta could occur with second person and describes addressee’s [privileged position] as a primary knower by expressing the meaning of addressee’s [internal states], [volition], [personal experience]. In 3 person interrogative sentence, -ta can describes [addressee’s peripheral involvement] by combined with ‘interrogative word-(i)da’.
As considering that -ta also could express [speaker's epistemic authority] in the interrogative sentence, the final ending –ta could be regarded as an egophoric marker basically represents the meaning of [speaker's superior status].

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적 1
• 1.2. 선행 연구 3
• 1.3. 연구 방법 11
• 2. 논의의 전제 15
• 2.1. 자향성 15
• 2.2. 자향성의 인접 범주 23
• 2.3. 한국어의 자향성 31
• 3. ‘-다’의 의미 분석 40
• 3.1. 종결어미 ‘-다’와 ‘-어’ 43
• 3.2. 종결어미 ‘-다’와 ‘-네’ 55
• 4. ‘-다’의 구어 실현 양상 58
• 4.1. ‘-다’ 평서문 58
• 4.2. ‘-다’ 의문문 77
• 5. 결론 84
• 참고문헌 87
• 영문초록 94