성인애착과 대학생활적응과의 관계에서 자아존중감과 대인관계능력의 매개효과 = Mediation Effects of Self-Esteem and Interpersonal Relationship in the Relations between Adult Attachment and Adaptation to College

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 성인애착이 자아존중감과 대인관계능력을 매개로 하여 대학생활적응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 각 변수의 하위요인들을 통해 분석하여 대학생들이 보다 적응적으로 대학생활을 영위할 수 있도록 하기 위해 성인애착, 자아존중감, 대인관계능력의 중요성을 강조하고 그 근거를 제공함을 목적으로 한다.
본 연구 대상은 대구·경북 지역에 위치한 372명의 남녀 대학생을 대상으로 질문지 방법을 사용하여 조사를 실시하였다.
측정도구로는 대학생활 측정도구는 Baker와 Siryk(1989)가 제작한 대학생활적응척도(SACQ)를 사용했고, 애착척도는 Fraley, Waller, & Brennan (2000)이 개발한 성인 애착 유형검사인 친밀 관계 경험-개정판(ECR-R)을 김성현(2004)이 번안한 척도를 사용하였다. 자아존중감 척도는 Rosenberg(1965)의 자아존중감척도(RSE)를 전병재(1974)가 번안한 자아존중감 척도를 사용했으며, 대인관계 척도는 Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg와 Reis(1988)가 개발한 대인관계능력 척도(ICQ)를 김창대와 김수임(1999)이 번안한 것을 사용하였다.
본 연구에서는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 기술적인 통계부분을 분석하였고, 변인들 간의 관계와 매개효과를 동시에 검증하기 위해 AMOS 18 프로그램을 이용하여 구조방정식 모형(SEM)검증을 실시했다.
본 연구의 결과 첫째, 대학생활적응은 학년, 전공에 따라서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 성별에 있어서 대학생활적응의 차이가 유의미하게 나타났다. 성적에서도 차이가 유의미하게 나타났으며, 사후검증 결과 지난학기 성적이 높은 학생이 성적이 낮은 학생보다 대학생활적응이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생의 애착은 대학생활적응에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생의 자아존중감, 대인관계능력은 대학생활적응에 직접적으로 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대학생의 애착은 자아존중감과 대인관계능력에 직접적으로 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 대학생의 자아존중감이 대인관계능력에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 대학생의 애착은 자아존중감과 대인관계능력을 매개로 하여 대학생활적응에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
이상의 연구결과에 비추어 볼 때 대학생의 대학생활적응을 높이기 위해서는 안정된 성인애착과 자아존중감, 대인관계능력을 향상시키기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 대학생 개인만이 아니라 학교와 지역사회를 토대로 하여 조력 프로그램이 이루어진다면 대학생의 대학생활적응을 증진하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
연구결과를 바탕으로 추후의 연구에서는 대학생활적응에 영향을 미치는 다른 변인들을 고려하여 연구하고, 변인들의 좀 더 다양한 지표변인들을 선정하여 연구하는 것이 필요하다. 또한, 다른 이론에 의해 설정될 수 있는 모델을 찾아 비교 연구하고, 대학생의 대학생활적응을 통제·설명할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램을 마련하여 대학생에게 적용할 것을 제안하였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론·································································1
• 1. 연구문제의 진술 ···························································1
• 2. 연구의 필요성 ······························································7
• 3. 용어의 정의 ································································9
• 1) 대학생활적응·····························································9
• 2) 성인애착·································································10
• 3) 자아존중감······························································11
• 4) 대인관계능력···························································11
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 선행연구의 고찰··································13
• 1. 대학생활적응·······························································13
• 1) 적응의 개념·····························································13
• 2) 대학생활적응····························································15
• 2. 성인애착····································································19
• 1) 애착의 개념·····························································19
• 2) 성인애착·································································21
• 3) 성인애착과 대학생활적응·············································24
• 3. 자아존중감·································································26
• 1) 자아존중감의 개념·····················································26
• 2) 자아존중감과 대학생활적응···········································28
• 4. 대인관계능력·······························································31
• 1) 대인관계능력의 개념···················································31
• 2) 대인관계능력과 대학생활적응········································33
• 3) 자아존중감과 대인관계능력···········································37
• Ⅲ. 연구방법·····························································41
• 1. 연구 대상 ··································································41
• 2. 측정 도구 ··································································41
• 3. 자료 분석···································································46
• Ⅳ. 연구결과·····························································48
• 1. 분석대상의 인구사회학적 특성··········································48
• 2. 측정변인 간의 상호상관행렬 및 기술 통계치·························51
• 3. 측정모델의 적합도 검증··················································53
• 1) 측정모델의 적합도 검증결과··········································54
• 2) 측정모델의 모수치 추정 결과·········································54
• 4. 초기연구 구조회귀모델의 적합도 검증 결과···························56
• 1) 초기연구 구조회귀모델의 적합도 검증 결과························56
• 2) 초기연구 구조회귀모델의 모수치 추정 결과························56
• 5. 수정모델의 적합도 검증··················································58
• 1) 수정모델의 적합도 검증결과··········································58
• 2) 수정모델의 모수치 추정 결과·········································60
• Ⅴ. 논의·································································63
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언························································70
• 1) 결론······································································70
• 2) 제언····················