Purpose : This is a descriptive research study to identify the extent and relation of shared leadership, self-efficacy, perceived patient safety culture and activity of patient safety management, targeting nurses in general hospitals, and to examine t...
Purpose : This is a descriptive research study to identify the extent and relation of shared leadership, self-efficacy, perceived patient safety culture and activity of patient safety management, targeting nurses in general hospitals, and to examine the factors that influence activity of patient safety management.
Methods : This is a descriptive research study, utilized by a structured self-report Google online survey, conducted from Sep. 20 to Oct. 10 in 2022. Selected as the subject were 206 nursers in hospitals equipped with sickbeds more than 100 and below 300 located at B metropolitan city and G province, who understood the research purpose and agreed to participate in this research.
Utilized tools for shared leadership, self-efficacy, perceived patient safety culture and activity of patient safety management were, a tool developed by Hiller [1] and revised by Bang [2], a tool developed by Cheraghi [3] and revised by Jung [4], a measuring tool of Korean patient safety culture developed by Lee [5], a tool developed by Lee [6] and revised by Lee [7] respectively.
In order to analyze the collected data, this researcher utilized the IBM/SPSS WIN 26.0 program, real number, percentage, average, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Scheff́́́́́́΄e test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results : The research results are as follows.
1. General characteristics of the participants were, females accounted for the great ratio of 96.6%(199 persons), age more than 30 years and under 40 years were 36.9%(76 persons), Bachelor degree or higher were the greatest rate 63.1%(130 persons), unmarried and married respondents accounted for 51.0%(105 persons) and 49.0%(101 persons) respectively, Registered nurses were the greatest ratio of 65.0%(134 persons), general wards took up with the greatest rate 44.2%(91 persons) as for the currently working department. Experience of less than 5 years accounted for 29.1%(60 persons), and experience of less than 3 years took up with the greatest rate 42.7%(88 persons). Weekly working hours more than 40 and 50 hours were 75.7%(156 persons), made up the majority of the participants.
2. Shared leadership of the participants recorded an average score of 3.57±0.56 points out of 5, self-efficacy recorded an average score of 3.80±0.49 points out of 5, perceived patient safety culture recorded an average score of 3.53±0.44 points out of 5 and activity of patient safety management recorded an average score of 3.94±0.49 points out of 5.
3. Shared leadership, according to general characteristics of the participants showed a statistically significant difference in average weekly working hours (F=4.26, p=.015). Average weekly working hours more than 40 and below 50, and more than 50 of the participants showed more shared leadership than average weekly working hours less than 40.
4. Self-efficacy, according to general characteristics of the participants, showed a statistically significant difference in marital status (t=-2.098, p=.037). Those married respondents showed higher self-efficacy than unmarried ones.
5. Perceived patient safety culture, according to general characteristics of the participants, showed no statistically significant difference in every variable.
6. Activity of patient safety management, according to general characteristics of the participants showed a statistically significant difference in average weekly working hours (F=3.92, p=.021). Average weekly working hours more than 40 and below 50, and more than 50 of the participants showed more activity of patient safety management than average weekly working hours less than 40.
7. Activity of patient safety management of the participants showed significant positive correlation with shared leadership (r=.55, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.55, p<.001) and perceived patient safety culture (r=.63, p<.001). Shared leadership of the participants showed significant positive correlations with self-efficacy (r=.51, p<.001) and perceived patient safety culture (r=.65, p<.001). And self-efficacy of the participants showed significant positive correlations with perceived patient safety culture (r=.56, p<.001).
8. Factors to influence activity of patient safety management showed, perceived patient safety culture (β=.37, p<.001), self-efficacy (β=.25, p<.001) and shared leadership (β=.17, p=.022). And explanation power as to activity of patient safety management of these variables accounted for 46.3% (F=45.27, p<.001).
Conclusions : This research found that shared leadership, self-efficacy and perceived patient safety culture influence activity of patient safety management. Therefore, enhancing of shared leadership, self-efficacy and perceived patient safety culture is a prerequisite for improving activity of patient safety management of nurses in hospitals equipped with sickbeds more than 100 and below 300. To achieve it, environment and systems shall be established so that interaction based shared leadership can be well implemented. And efforts should be made to develop and implement continuous and active education and programs to improve self-efficacy and perceived patient safety culture.