일반논문 : 의안대군이화(義安大君李和)의 공신력(功臣歷)에 대한 고찰 = General Edition : Consideration on Euian Daegun Yi Hwa`s History as the Vassal of Merit

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 "여말 선초 의안대군 이화의 공신력"에 대한 고찰로서, 고려 말에서 조선 초기는 왕조의 폐망과 개국으로의 변화가 극심했던 시기로서 공신 의안대군 이화의 활동을 중심으로 공신력을 살펴 본 것이다. 여말선초 위화도 회군과 조선의 개국, 제1차, 제2차 왕자의 난으로 국내외적으로 위기 상황에서 이화는 결정적인 공을 세웠고 그것은 그가 여말선초 4대공신이라는 기록적인 의미로 남게 되었다. 고려의 멸망과 조선의 건국이라는 미명아래 많은 공신들이 탄생할 수밖에 없었고 공신도감을 설치하여 공신에 대한 업무를 관장하게 하였을 정도이다. 여말 선초의 최대 공신인 이화는 태조 이성계의 이복동생으로서 회군공신, 개국공신, 정사공신, 좌명공신 등 4대 공신에 책봉되며, 당대 최대의 특혜를 누린 인물이다. 그는 이성계의 최측근에서 여러 환난을 슬기롭게 극복하고 행동하는 왕족으로서 고려 말 조선 초기의 실제적 힘이 되었다. 그는 영삼사사를 지내고 마침내 영의정이 되었으나 그에 대한연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 의안대군 이화의 행적을 통해 여말선초의 공신에 대해 살펴보고, 공신에 대한 특혜와 공신의 위차 등에 대한 차이를 살펴보는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 이를 통해 우리 역사 속에 숨어 드러나지 않았던 태조 이성계의 이복동생 의안대군 이화에 대한 생애를 더듬어보고, 왕족으로서 위기의 순간에 역동적인 행동을 통해 성리학으로 무장한 신흥사대부와 더불어 조선의 정통성 확립을 이룩한 이면의 무인정신을 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As a part of examination into vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, this study sought to investigate history about vassals of merit primarily in terms of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa`s meritorious activities during such period of transition where extreme changes occurred with collapse of former dynasty as well as foundation of new dynasty. Yi Hwa rendered his distinguished services even under critical situations-whether national or international-accompanied with troop withdrawal at Wihwado, foundation of Joseon dynasty and two prince revolts(1st and 2nd). And his services gave a historical implication that he was one of 4 great vassals of merit during such a period of transition in Korean history. Under the guise of Goryeo Dynasty`s collapse and Joseon Dynasty`s foundation, it was inevitable that there were many vassals of merit produced during this critical period, and royal family granted proper favors to those vassals with stipend for vassals of merit. In particular, Joseon Dynasty installed even a governmental office for vassals of merit to supervise general affairs about vassals of merit. It may be definitely to say that Euian Daegun Yi Hwa was the greatest vassal of merit during the period of transition from Goryeo to Joseon. He was a half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye, the founder of Joseon Dynasty. Yi Hwa was invested as the vassal of 4 great merits in contribution to troop withdrawal, new dynasty foundation, affairs of state and assistance in making Yi Seong-gye the first king of Joseon dynasty, so he could enjoy the greatest favor granted by the governmental authority of his contemporary dynasty. Yi Hwa was a royal family member who stood nearest by Yi Seong-gye and got over a series of hardships wisely with bold actions, so he could play a role as real contributor to founding Joseon Dynasty after collapse of Goryeo Dynasty. According to historical documents, he took up Yeongsamsasa and was finally appointed as Yeong-euijeong, the prime minister of Joseon Dynasty, but there was very few studies focusing on his presence in the history. Therefore, this study has its implications in that it addresses the historical activities of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa to examine vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, and determine any differences in special favors and order of ranks for the vassal of merit. Thus, it is expected that we will be able to explore the lifetime of Yi Hwa, a covered half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye in Korean history, and will be able to examine Yi Hwa``s dynamic actions as royal family at critical moments of historical transition, so that we may find out the military spirit of a vassal behind his meritorious contribution to establishing the legitimacy of Joseon Dynasty in collaboration with emerging gentry armed with the philosophy of Neo-confucianism.