영상기반의 안정적 수신호 인식기를 위한 손동작 패턴 설계 방법 = Hand Motion Design for Performance Enhancement of Vision Based Hand Signal Recognizer

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문에서는 수신호 인식기에 쓰이기 위한 분별성 있는 손동작을 만드는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 수화DB에서 손의 움직임을 분석하여 기본 동작이 되는 4가지의 모션 프리미티브를 선정하였으며, 선정된 모션 프리미티브를 조합하여 구별성 있는 ‘기본 손동작 집합‘을 제작하였다. 제안하는 ‘기본 손동작 집합‘ 의 구별성을 증명하기 위하여 ’기본 손동작 집합‘ 인식기를 만들고 인식결과를 확인하였다. 사용된 인식기는 hidden Markov model (HMM) 을 기반으로 제작되었다. 기본 손동작 인식 task에 대한 성능평가 결과 99.01%로써 각 모델 간에 높은 구별성을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper proposes a language set of hand motions for enhancing the performance of vision-based hand signal recognizer. Based on the statistical analysis of the angular tendency of hand movements in sign language and the hand motions in practical use, we construct four motion primitives as building blocks for basic hand motions. By combining these motion primitives, we design a discernable ‘fundamental hand motion set’ toward increasing the hand signal recognition. To demonstrate the validity of proposed designing method, we develop a ‘fundamental hand motion set’ recognizer based on hidden Markov model (HMM). The recognition system showed 99.01% recognition rate on the proposed language set. This result validates that the proposed language set enhances discernaility among the hand motions such that the performance of hand signal recognizer is improved.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• Abstract
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. HMM 기반 인식기
• Ⅲ. 모션 프리미티
• Ⅳ. 기본 손동작 집합 생성
• Ⅴ. 실험
• Ⅵ. 결론
• Ⅶ. Acknowledge
• 참고문헌
• 저자소개

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박혜선, "제스처 인식을 위한 은닉 마르코프 모델" 대한전자공학회 43 (43): 17-26, 2006

2 Jacob, R.J.K, "The Use of Eye-Movements in Human-Computer Interaction Techniques - What You Look at Is What You Get" 9 (9): 152-169, 1991

3 Young, S, "The HTK Book (for HTK version 3.4)"

4 Dreuw, P, "Speech Recognition Techniques for a Sign Language Recognition System" Interspeech 705-708,

5 Kortenkamp, D, "Recognizing and interpreting gestures on a mobile robot" 1 (1): 915-921, 1996

6 James, D, "Recognizing Hand Gestures" 331-340, 1994

7 Kang, H, "Recognition-based gesture spotting in video games" 25 (25): 1701-1704, 2004

8 Yanghee, N, "Recognition of Space-Time Hand-Gestures using Hidden Markov Model" 51-58, 1996

9 Starner, T, "Real-time American Sign Language recognition from video using hidden Markov models" 265-270, 1995

10 Soding, J, "Protein homology detection by HMM-HMM comparison" 27 (27): 951-960, 2005

11 Eddy, S.R., "Profile hidden Markov models" 14 (14): 755-763, 1998

12 Christian, V, "Parallel hidden markov models for american sign language recognition" 116-122, 1999

13 "Official Rules" National Hockey League,

14 "Official Referee Hand Signals" National Basketball Association

15 "NFL Official Rule Book" National Football League

16 Lee, J.T, "Model-Based Analysis of Hand Posture" 15 (15): 77-86, 1991

17 "Law 5. The Referee" Fédération Internationale de Football Association

18 Rigoll, G, "High Performance Real-Time Gesture Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models" 69-80, 1998

19 Eickeler, S, "Hidden Markov Model based continuous online gesture recognition" 1 (1): 1206-1208, 1999

20 Jia, P, "Head gesture recognition for hands-free control of an intelligent wheelchair" 34 (34): 60-68, 2007

21 McNeill, D, "Hand and mind : what gestures reveal about thought" University of Chicago Press 117-, 1992

22 Park, H.S, "HMM-based gesture recognition for robot control" 3522 : 607-614, 2005

23 Schlömer, T, "Gesture Recognition with a Wii Controller" 11-14, 2008

24 Baum, L.E., "An inequality and associated maximization technique in statistical estimation for probabilistic functions of Markov processes" 3 (3): 1-8, 1972

25 김진형, "An HMM-based threshold model approach for gesture recognition" IEEE COMPUTER SOC 21 (21): 961-973, 199910

26 L.Neitzel, R, "A review of crane safety in the construction industry" 16 (16): 1106-1117, 2001

27 Waldherr, S, "A gesture based interface for human-robot interaction" 9 (9): 151-173, 2000

28 Just, A, "A comparative study of two state-of-the-art sequence processing techniques for hand gesture recognition" 133 (133): 532-543, 2009

29 Rabiner, L.R., "A Tutorial on Hidden Markov-Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition" 77 (77): 257-286, 1989