담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci )에서 분리한 곤충병원성진균의 동정 및 병원성 검정 = Identification and Characterization of Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Bemisia tabaci in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

자연 감염된 담배가루이로부터 곤충병원성진균을 분리 동정하고, 이 균주에 대하여 배양특성, 자연발병 요인, 그리고 주요 온실해충인 담배가루이, 점박이응애, 대만총채벌레에 대한 살충력을 검정하였다. 분리 균주의 형태적 특성은 직립한 분생자병에 윤생으로 호리병 형태의 4-6개 phialide를 지녔고, 분생포자의 크기는 $3.0-3.4{\mu}m$ 이었다. 분리 균주의 rDNA의 ITS영역 염기서열 분석에서 Isaria fumosorosea (AF461747)와는 99%의 높은 염기서열 유사도를 보였다. Potato dextrose agar, Sabouraud maltose agar+yeast extract 그리고 Sabouraud dextrose agar+yeast extract 배지에서 IFs 균주는 $24^{\circ}C$의 SDAY 배양에서 균사 성장이 가장 양호하였으며, $15^{\circ}C$보다는 $35^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 균사 성장이 좋았다. I. fumosorosea IFs-08, -09 균주는 담배가루이에 대하여 각각 96.7, 93.9%의 높은 살충율을 보였으며, 점박이응애(92.0, 84.9%) 그리고 대만총채벌레(84.4, 81.5%)에서도 80-90%정도의 살충율을 보인 반면 KACC로부터 분양받은 Isaria tenuipes, Isaria farinosa, Isaria fumosorosea 균주들은 10-20% 내외의 낮은 살충율을 나타내었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from Bemisia tabaci in an Oriental melon field, and their growth characteristics, factors related to a natural outbreak, and infectivity against Bemisia tabaci, Tetranychus urticae, and Frankliniella intonsa were investigated. The isolates had erect conidiophores bearing whorls of 4-6 phialides with a swollen base where cylindrical conidia of $3.0-3.4{\mu}m$ were attached. The isolates were identified as Isaria fumosorosea on the basis of morphological characteristics and an ITS sequence with 99% similarity. I. fumosorosea IFs-08 grew well on Sabouraud dextrose agar+yeast extract medium(3.2 mm/day/$24^{\circ}C$); it grew better at $35^{\circ}C$ than at $15^{\circ}C$. The isolates of I. fumosorosea-IFs were highly infective and killed 93.9-96.7% B. tabaci, 84.9-92.0% T. urticae, and 81.5-84.4% F. intonsa in bioassay, whereas three isolates (Isaria tenuipes, Isaria farinosa, and Isaria fumosorosea) from KACC showed a low infectivity of 10-20%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of I. fumosorosea isolated from B. tabaci in Korea.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Gillespie, A. T., "The potential of entomogenous fungi as control agents for onion thrips, Thrips tabaci" 237-242, 1986

2 Nam, S. H., "Report on red muscardine (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) in Korea" 42 : 28-30, 2000

3 Goolsby, J.A., "Post-release evaluation of the biological control of Bemisia tabaci biotype "B" in the U.S.A. and the development of predictive tools to guide introductions for other countries" 32 : 70-77, 2005

4 Thungrabeab, M., "Possibilities for biocontrol of the onion thrips Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thys., Thripidae) using different entomopathogenic fungi from Thailand" 15 : 299-304, 2006

5 Jones, D., "Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies" 109 : 197-221, 2003

6 Vidal, C., "Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes)against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with a description of a bioassay method" 90 : 765-772, 1997

7 Samson, R. A., "Paecilomyces and some allied Hyphomycetes" 6 : 81-83, 1974

8 White, TJ., "PCR Protocols. a guide to methods and applications" Academic Press 315-322, 1990

9 Lacey, L. A., "Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of conidia and blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes)against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with a description of a bioassay system allowing prolonged survival of control insects" 9 : 9-18, 1999

10 Bidochka, M. J., "Occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in soils from temperate and near northern habitats" 76 : 1198-1204, 1998

11 Bruck, D. J., "Natural occurrence of entomopathogens in Pacific Northwest nursery soils and their virulence to the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" 33 : 1335-1343, 2004

12 Castineiras, A., "Natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) in Cuba" 78 : 538-540, 1995

13 Humber, R. A., "Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology" Academic Press 153-158, 1997

14 Morrow, B. J., "Loss of virulence in an isolate of an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, after serial In Vitro passage" 82 : 404-407, 1989

15 Humber, R. A., "Isaria plus Paecilomyces and Evlachovea" USDA-ARS 2011

16 Vidal, C., "Intraspecific variability of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus: effect of temperature on vegetative growth" 70 : 18-26, 1997

17 김재수, "Insecticidal Activity of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus SFP-198 as a Multi-Targeting Biological Control Agent against The Greenhouse Whitefly and The Two-Spotted Spider Mite" 한국잠사학회 17 (17): 181-187, 2008

18 Fargues, J., "Influence of temperature preferences of two Paecilomyces fumoroseus lineages on their co-infection pattern" 87 : 94-104, 2004

19 Lacey, L. A., "Foreign exploration for natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci and implementation in integrated control programs in the United States" 351-360, 1993

20 Quesada, M. E., "Factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic fungi in natural and cultivated soils" 111 : 947-966, 2007

21 Shim, H. J., "Effect of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus SFP-198 on greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouse" 3 : 90-95, 1999

22 Meyling, N. V., "Ecology of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in temperate agroecosystems: Potential for conservation biological control" 43 : 145-155, 2007

23 Takeshi, M., "Development of a Novel Microbial Insecticide: Gottsu-A. R&D Report “Sumitomo Kagaku”" Sumitomo Kagaku 1-11, 2009

24 Butt, T. M., "Degeneration of Entomogenous fungi" 2 : 213-226, 2006

25 Hajek A. E., "Decline in virulence of Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales)With repeated in vitro subculture" 56 : 91-97, 1990

26 Lacey, L. A., "Damage Control and Management" Intercept 401-433, 1996

27 Goettel, M. S., "Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science. vol. 6" Elsevier 361-406, 2005

28 Humber, R. A., "Collection of entomopathogenic fungal cultures" USDA, ARS 1992

29 Faria, M., "Biological control of Bemisia tabaci with fungi" 20 : 767-778, 2001

30 Carruthers, R. L., "An overview of biological control of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Vol. 2" 680-685, 1993