영어 수동구문에 관한 연구 = A Study on Passive Constructions in English

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this paper is to reveal that by-phrase in passive is an adjunct, not an optional complement and to analyse the passive constructions on the basis of hypotheses of Bouma, Malouf & Sag(1999).
Passive type has its various subtypes such as general-passive, pseudo-passive, ditransitive-passive, raising passive, etc. And they are constrained according to their distinct properties. Traditionally, by-phrase in passives has been assumed to be an optional complement of passive verbs.
But, considering quantifier scoping, distributional behaviour and binding of by-phrase, it is hard to regard it as a pure complement. So the prepositional phrase, by-phrase, has been treated as adjunct in previous studies so far: Kiparsky (1987), Grimshaw(1990) and Wechsler (1995).
We present the various mechanisms within the framework of HPSG, especially Manning & Sag (1998), Bouma, Malouf & Sag (1999), introduce the specific constraints on our various passive types, and then formulate the passive type hierarchy.