심혈관계 감염 진료지침 권고안 = Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Infections

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There are many various diseases in the cardiovascular infections, and we tried to make a diagnosis and treatment guideline for several diseases which can be experienced by physician at clinical setting. Infective endocarditis (native and prosthetic valve), myocarditis, pericarditis,suppurative thrombophlebitis, and infective endarteritis and mycotic aneurysm are included in this guideline.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Mason JW, 60 : 5-10, 2003

2 서성우, "황색포도알균이 가장 흔한 원인인 우리나라 4개 대학병원의 감염성심내막염의 특징" 대한감염학회 40 (40): 316-322, 2008

3 김은석, "황색포도알균에 의한 감염성 심내막염의 임상적 특성" 대한내과학회 76 (76): 329-337, 2009

4 김환욱, "활동성 인공판막 심내막염: 임상 양상, 검사 소견 및 중기 수술 성적" 대한흉부외과학회 42 (42): 447-455, 2009

5 성기익, "활동성 심내막염에 대한 조기 수술의 단기 성적" 대한흉부외과학회 35 (35): 792-798, 2002

6 오세훈, "폐렴간균에 의한 감염성 대동맥류와 동반된 내인성 안내염 1예" 대한내과학회 78 (78): 357-363, 2010

7 김은진, "패혈성 폐색전증을 동반한 Lemierre 증후군 1예" 대한결핵및호흡기학회 58 (58): 73-77, 2005

8 조정호, "토끼 심내막염 모델에서 Glycopeptide Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 Arbekacin과 Teicoplanin 병용 요법의 효과" 대한감염학회 40 (40): 102-106, 2008

9 김민경, "지속되는 딸꾹질과 불안정협심증으로 발현된 상행대동맥의 감염동맥류" 대한내과학회 79 (79): 187-190, 2010

10 김대영, "중등도 이상의 심낭삼출 환자에서 임상상 및 장기예후" 대한내과학회 74 (74): 154-161, 2008

11 백송이, "일차의료에서 진단이 쉽지 않은 감염성 심내막염" 대한가정의학회 29 (29): 431-437, 2008

12 신소연, "의료환경 변화에 따른 감염성 심내막염의 양상 변화" 대한내과학회 68 (68): 157-167, 2005

13 박창범, "우측 심장을 이환한 감염성 심내막염의 임상상에 대한 연구" 대한심장학회 35 (35): 633-638, 2005

14 윤영경, "심내막염을 합병한 메티실린 내성 황색포도알균에 의한 치명적인 말초 패혈성 혈관염 부검 1예" 대한감염학회 42 (42): 249-252, 2010

15 이동건, "시험관내 심내막염 모델에서 Methicillin 내성 포도구균에 대한 Vancomycin, Arbekacin, Gentamicin 단독 혹은 병합 효과" 대한감염학회 35 (35): 145-153, 2003

16 김성혜, "선천성 심질환을 가진 청소년 및 성인에서 발생한감염성 심내막염에 대한 임상적 고찰" 대한심장학회 36 (36): 318-323, 2006

17 백재숙, "선천성 심질환과 관련한 감염성 심내막염의 임상 양상 변화" 대한심장학회 37 (37): 635-640, 2007

18 최승진, "살모넬라 감염성 복부 대동맥류 환자에서 F-18 FDG PET/CT의 역할" 대한핵의학회 41 (41): 570-573, 2007

19 이명준, "병원 획득성 감염성 심내막염의 임상상에 관한 연구" 대한심장학회 36 (36): 236-241, 2006

20 배영아, "르미에르 증후군: 증례 보고" 대한영상의학회 54 (54): 7-10, 2006

21 박덕우, "대동맥판막 감염성 심내막염에 동반된판막하 합병증의 임상적 특징" 대한심장학회 34 (34): 883-893, 2004

22 허태윤, "내과적 치료에 반응하지 않은 Lemierre 증후군 1예" 대한내과학회 74 (74): 203-207, 2008

23 손준성, "감염성 심내막염의 임상양상 관찰" 대한감염학회 37 (37): 152-160, 2005

24 김희만, "감염성 심내막염 환자에서 증상 없이 발견된 뇌동맥류 1예" 대한내과학회 64 (64): 477-483, 2003

25 기현균, "감염성 심내막염 발생 고위험군 환자의 치과 시술 전예방적 항균제 투여양상에 대한 고찰" 대한심장학회 35 (35): 328-334, 2005

26 San Román JA, "onale, design, and methods for the early surgery in infective endocarditis study (ENDOVAL 1): a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial comparing the state-of-the-art therapeutic strategy versus early surgery strategy in infective endocarditis" 156 : 431-436, 2008

27 Hsu RB, "hicillin resistance and risk factors for embolism in Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis" 28 : 860-866, 2007

28 Gould FK, "Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy" 57 : 1035-1042, 2006

29 Bowles NE, "Viral causes of cardiac inflammation" 18 : 182-188, 2003

30 Lee SH, "Various complications of abdominal aortic aneurysm: CT findings" 36 : 477-482, 1997

31 Gillinov AM, "Valve replacement in patients with endocarditis and acute neurologic deficit" 61 : 1125-1129, 1996

32 Fournier PE, "Value of microimmunofluorescence for diagnosis and follow-up of Bartonella endocarditis" 9 : 795-801, 2002

33 Habib G, "Value and limitations of the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis" 33 : 2023-2029, 1993

34 Petti CA, "Utility of extended blood culture incubation for isolation of Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella organisms: a retrospective multicenter evaluation" 44 : 257-259, 2006

35 Grace CJ, "Usefulness of blood culture for hospitalized patients who are receiving antibiotic therapy" 32 : 1651-1655, 2001

36 Felker GM, "Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy" 342 : 1077-1084, 2000

37 Trautner BW, "Tuberculous pericarditis: optimal diagnosis and management" 33 : 954-961, 2001

38 Mayosi BM, "Tuberculous pericarditis" 112 : 3608-3616, 2005

39 Mayosi BM, "Tuberculous pericarditis" 112 : 3608-3616, 2005

40 Long R, "Tuberculous mycotic aneurysm of the aorta: review of published medical and surgical experience" 115 : 522-531, 1999

41 Liu WC, "Tuberculous aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: endovascular repair using stent grafts in two cases" 1 : 215-218, 2000

42 Francioli P, "Treatment of streptococcal endocarditis with a single daily dose of ceftriaxone sodium for 4 weeks. Efficacy and outpatient treatment feasibility" 267 : 264-267, 1992

43 Francioli P, "Treatment of streptococcal endocarditis with a single daily dose of ceftriaxone and netilmicin for 14 days: a prospective multicenter study" 21 : 1406-1410, 1995

44 Darouiche RO, "Treatment of infection associated with surgical implants" 350 : 1422-1429, 2004

45 Wilson AP, "Treatment of endocarditis with teicoplanin: a retrospective analysis of 104 cases" 38 : 507-521, 1996

46 Di Nisio M, "Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg" (2) : CD004982-, 2007

47 Karalis DG, "Transesophageal echocardiographic recognition of subaortic complications in aortic valve endocarditis. Clinical and surgical implications" 86 : 353-362, 1992

48 Vergis EN, "Topical antibiotic prophylaxis for bacteremia after dental extractions" 91 : 162-165, 2001

49 Evans DJ, "The use of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of pericardial, pleural and meningeal tuberculosis: do they improve outcome" 102 : 793-800, 2008

50 Burgess LJ, "The use of adenosine deaminase and interferon-gamma as diagnostic tools for tuberculous pericarditis" 122 : 900-905, 2002

51 Tleyjeh IM, "The role of valve surgery in infective endocarditis management: a systematic review of observational studies that included prospensity score analysis" 156 : 901-909, 2008

52 Falagas ME, "The role of aminoglycosides in combination with a beta-lactam for the treatment of bacterial endocarditis: a meta-analysis of comparative trials" 57 : 639-647, 2006

53 Cohen OS, "The risk of endothelial infection in adults with salmonella bacteremia" 89 : 931-932, 1978

54 Harris KM, "The prospective role of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected infective endocarditis" 20 : 57-62, 2003

55 Hahn EA, "The myocarditis treatment trial: design, methods and patients enrollment" 16 (16): 162-167, 1995

56 Watkin RW, "The microbial diagnosis of infective endocarditis" 47 : 1-11, 2003

57 Wilson LR, "The management of patients with mycotic aneurysms" 2 : 151-183, 1981

58 Jarrett F, "The management of infected arterial aneurysms" 18 : 361-366, 1977

59 von Segesser LK, "The infected aorta" 12 (12): 256-260, 1997

60 Garg A, "The ineffectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in lymphocytic myocarditis: an overview" 129 : 317-322, 1998

61 Rivas P, "The impact of hospital-acquired infections on the microbial etiology and prognosis of late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis" 128 : 764-771, 2005

62 Chirinos JA, "The evolution of Lemierre syndrome: report of 2 cases and review of the literature" 81 : 458-465, 2002

63 Lockhart PB, "The evidence base for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental practice" 138 : 458-474, 2007

64 Lockhart PB, "The evidence base for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental practice" 138 : 458-474, 2007

65 Kaski JP, "The classification concept of the ESC Working Group on myocardial and pericardial diseases for dilated cardiomyopathy" 32 : 446-451, 2007

66 Prendergast BD, "The changing face of infective endocarditis" 92 : 879-885, 2006

67 Seto TB, "The case for infectious endocarditis prophylaxis: time to move forward" 167 : 327-330, 2007

68 Venditti M, "Teicoplanin in the treatment of enterococcal endocarditis: clinical and microbiological study" 40 : 449-452, 1997

69 Westling K, "Swedish guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis" 39 : 929-946, 2007

70 Moneta GL, "Surgical treatment of infected aortic aneurysm" 175 : 396-399, 1998

71 Yamaguchi H, "Surgical treatment of active infective mitral valve endocarditis" 13 : 150-155, 2007

72 Hsu RB, "Surgical treatment for primary infected aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and iliac arteries" 36 : 746-750, 2002

73 Murashita T, "Surgical results for active endocarditis with prosthetic valve replacement: impact of culture-negative endocarditis on early and late outcomes" 26 : 1104-1111, 2004

74 Fillmore AJ, "Surgical mortality in patients with infected aortic aneurysms" 196 : 435-441, 2003

75 Eishi K, "Surgical management of infective endocarditis associated with cerebral complications. Multicenter retrospective study in Japan" 110 : 1745-1755, 1995

76 De Maeseneer MG, "Superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower limb: practical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment" 105 : 145-147, 2005

77 Lamas CC, "Suggested modifications to the Duke criteria for the clinical diagnosis of native valve and prosthetic valve endocarditis: analysis of 118 pathologically proven cases" 25 : 713-719, 1997

78 Daliento L, "Successful treatment of enterovirus-induced myocarditis with interferon-alpha" 22 : 214-217, 2003

79 Chuard C, "Successful therapy of experimental chronic foreign-body infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial combinations" 35 : 2611-2616, 1991

80 Robert C, "Subungual splinter hemorrhages: a clinical window to inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors" 143 : 313-314, 2005

81 Piper C, "Stroke is not a contraindication for urgent valve replacement in acute infective endocarditis" 10 : 703-711, 2001

82 Fowler VG Jr, "Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a consequence of medical progress" 293 : 3012-3021, 2005

83 Hirota WK, "Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy" 58 : 475-482, 2003

84 Cho JH, "Six cases of fungal endocarditis" 59 : 203-207, 2000

85 Fortún J, "Short-course therapy for rightside endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers: cloxacillin versus glycopeptides in combination with gentamicin" 33 : 120-125, 2001

86 Buchholtz K, "Severity of gentamicin's nephrotoxic effect on patients with infective endocarditis: a prospective observational cohort study of 373 patients" 48 : 65-71, 2009

87 Southwick FS, "Septic thrombosis of the dural venous sinuses" 65 : 82-106, 1986

88 Chirinos JA, "Septic thrombophlebitis: diagnosis and management" 6 : 9-14, 2006

89 Plemmons RM, "Septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein (pylephlebitis): diagnosis and management in the modern era" 21 : 1114-1120, 1995

90 Balthazar EJ, "Septic thrombophlebitis of the mesenteric and portal veins: CT imaging" 24 : 755-760, 2000

91 Baker CC, "Septic phlebitis: a neglected disease" 138 : 97-103, 1979

92 Zinner MJ, "Septic nonsuppurative thrombophlebitis" 111 : 122-125, 1976

93 Frazee BW, "Septic endarteritis of the femoral artery following angioplasty" 13 : 620-623, 1991

94 Parsons R, "Salmonella infections of the abdominal aorta" 5 : 227-231, 1983

95 Leung DY, "Role of transoesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of aortic root abscess" 72 : 175-181, 1994

96 Graham JC, "Role of aminoglycosides in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis" 49 : 437-444, 2002

97 Spodick DH, "Risk prediction in pericarditis: who to keep in hospital" 94 : 398-399, 2008

98 Thuny F, "Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis: prognostic value of echocardiography: a prospective multicenter study" 112 : 69-75, 2005

99 Fariñas MC, "Risk factors of prosthetic valve endocarditis: a case-control study" 81 : 1284-1290, 2006

100 Deprèle C, "Risk factors for systemic emboli in infective endocarditis" 10 : 46-53, 2004

101 Oz BS, "Risk factors for short- and long-term survival in patients undergoing re-replacement due to prosthetic valve dysfunction" 21 : 339-343, 2006

102 Strom BL, "Risk factors for infective endocarditis: oral hygiene and nondental exposures" 102 : 2842-2848, 2000

103 Anderson DJ, "Risk factors for infective endocarditis in patients with enterococcal bacteremia: a case-control study" 32 : 72-77, 2004

104 Hill EE, "Risk factors for infective endocarditis and outcome of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia" 82 : 1165-1169, 2007

105 Yoshinaga M, "Risk factors for in-hospital mortality during infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease" 101 : 114-118, 2008

106 Durante Mangoni E, "Risk factors for "major" embolic events in hospitalized patients with infective endocarditis" 146 : 311-316, 2003

107 Hecht SR, "Right-sided endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Prognostic features in 102 episodes" 117 : 560-566, 1992

108 Hwang K, "Retrospective study of species and susceptibility of viridans streptococci isolated from blood culture in a tertiary-care hospital" 13 (13): S96-, 2010

109 Mansur AJ, "Relapses, recurrences, valve replacements, and mortality during the long-term follow-up after infective endocarditis" 141 : 78-86, 2001

110 Mansur AJ, "Relapses, recurrences, valve replacements, and mortality during the long-term follow-up after infective endocarditis" 141 : 78-86, 2001

111 Latham RD, "Recently diagnosed idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: incidence of myocarditis and efficacy of prednisone therapy" 117 : 876-882, 1989

112 Kim MK, "Recent trends and clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis" 58 : 28-38, 2000

113 Imazio M, "Rationale and design of the COPPS trial: a randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre study on the use of colchicine for the primary prevention of postpericardiotomy syndrome" 8 : 1044-1048, 2007

114 Wojnicz R, "Randomized, placebo-controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy: two-year follow-up results" 104 : 39-45, 2001

115 Frustaci A, "Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virusnegative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study" 30 : 1995-2002, 2009

116 Tsao JW, "Radial artery mycotic pseudoaneurysm: an unusual complication of catheterization" 28 : 414-416, 2000

117 Tandon R, "Pylephlebitis after CT-guided percutaneous liver biopsy" 184 (184): S70-S72, 2005

118 Brown CE, "Puerperal septic pelvic thrombophlebitis: incidence and response to heparin therapy" 181 : 143-148, 1999

119 Habib G, "Prosthetic valve endocarditis: who needs surgery? A multicentre study of 104 cases" 91 : 954-959, 2005

120 Akowuah EF, "Prosthetic valve endocarditis: early and late outcome following medical or surgical treatment" 89 : 269-272, 2003

121 Mahesh B, "Prosthetic valve endocarditis" 80 : 1151-1158, 2005

122 Levy MJ, "Prospective risk assessment of bacteremia and other infectious complications in patients undergoing EUS-guided FNA" 57 : 672-678, 2003

123 Li JS, "Proposed modifications to th Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis" 30 : 633-638, 2000

124 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, "Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis" NICE 2008

125 Baron EJ, "Prolonged incubation and extensive subculturing do not increase recovery of clinically significant microorganisms from standard automated blood cultures" 41 : 1677-1680, 2005

126 Verhagen DW, "Prognostic value of serial C-reactive protein measurements in left-sided native valve endocarditis" 168 : 302-307, 2008

127 Chirouze C, "Prognostic factors in 61 cases of Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis merged database" 38 : 1323-1327, 2004

128 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, "Principles and Procedures for Blood Cultures; Approved Guideline" Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2007

129 Wilson W, "Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group" 116 : 1736-1754, 2007

130 Wilson W, "Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group" 138 : 739-745, 2007

131 Wilson W, "Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group" 139 : 3S-24S, 2008

132 Dajani AS, "Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: recommendations by the American Heart Association" 25 : 1448-1458, 1997

133 Dajani AS, "Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: recommendations by the American Heart Association" 128 : 1142-1151, 1997

134 Dajani AS, "Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Recommendations by the American Heart Association" 96 : 358-366, 1997

135 Artom G, "Pretreatment with corticosteroids attenuates the efficacy of colchicine in preventing recurrent pericarditis: a multi-centre all-case analysis" 26 : 723-727, 2005

136 Naqvi TZ, "Predictors of mortality in paravalvular abscess" 18 : 1404-1408, 2005

137 Isada NB, "Postabortal septic pelvic thrombophlebitis diagnosed by computed tomography. A case report" 32 : 866-868, 1987

138 Seto TB, "Physicians' recommendations to patients for use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis" 284 : 68-71, 2000

139 Varstela E, "Personal follow-up of 100 aortic valve replacement patients for 1081 patient years" 87 : 205-212, 1998

140 Tingleff J, "Perivalvular cavities in endocarditis: abscesses versus pseudoaneurysms? A transesophageal Doppler echocardiographic study in 118 patients with endocarditis" 130 : 93-100, 1995

141 Troughton RW, "Pericarditis" 363 : 717-727, 2004

142 Jeon CH, "Pericardial effusion: report of three unusual cases" 6 : 97-103, 2002

143 Little WC, "Pericardial disease" 113 : 1622-1632, 2006

144 Anguera I, "Periannular complications in infective endocarditis involving prosthetic aortic valves" 98 : 1261-1268, 2006

145 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, "Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twentieth Informational Supplement" Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2010

146 Fujitani S, "Penicillin G-resistant viridans group streptococcal endocarditis and interpretation of the American Heart Association's guidelines for the treatment of infective endocarditis" 46 : 1064-1066, 2008

147 Thuny F, "Outcome after surgical treatment performed within the first week of antimicrobial therapy during infective endocarditis: a prospective study" 101 : 687-695, 2008

148 Cockerill FR 3rd, "Optimal testing parameters for blood cultures" 38 : 1724-1730, 2004

149 Mahrholdt H, "Noninvasive differentiation between active and healed myocarditis by cardiac magnetic resonance: are we there yet" 2 : 139-142, 2009

150 Brouqui P, "New insight into the diagnosis of fastidious bacterial endocarditis" 47 : 1-13, 2006

151 Naber CK, "New guidelines for infective endocarditis: a call for collaborative research" 29 : 615-616, 2007

152 Durack DT, "New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service" 96 : 200-209, 1994

153 Shanson D, "New British and American guidelines for the antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis: do the changes make sense? A critical review" 21 : 191-199, 2008

154 Ruttmann E, "Neurological outcome of septic cardioembolic stroke after infective endocarditis" 37 : 2094-2099, 2006

155 Kim SH, "Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis: retrospective review of 100 cases" 19 : 202-206, 2001

156 Tunkel AR, "Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis" 11 : 419-440, 1993

157 Tunkel AR, "Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis" 11 : 419-440, 1993

158 Selky AK, "Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis" 12 : 225-233, 1992

159 Pérez de Isla L, "Negative blood culture infective endocarditis in the elderly: long-term follow up" 53 : 245-249, 2007

160 Imazio M, "Myopericarditis: Etiology, management, and prognosis" 127 : 17-26, 2008

161 Magnani JW, "Myocarditis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment" 113 : 876-890, 2006

162 Ellis CR, "Myocarditis: basic and clinical aspects"

163 Angelini A, "Myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction: role of endomyocardial biopsy in the differential diagnosis" 84 : 245-250, 2000

164 Cooper LT Jr, "Myocarditis" 360 : 1526-1538, 2009

165 Feldman AM, "Myocarditis" 343 : 1388-1398, 2000

166 Johansen K, "Mycotic aortic aneurysms: a reappraisal" 118 : 583-588, 1983

167 Cliff MM, "Mycotic aneurysms: a challenge and a clue: Review of ten-year experience" 126 : 977-982, 1970

168 Johnson JR, "Mycotic aneurysm: new concepts in therapy" 118 : 577-582, 1983

169 Salgado AV, "Mycotic aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and indications for cerebral angiography in infective endocarditis" 18 : 1057-1060, 1987

170 Meena AK, "Mycotic aneurysm on posterior cerebral artery: resolution with medical therapy" 48 : 276-278, 2000

171 Kang JY, "Mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery: report of 2 cases" 30 : 97-102, 1997

172 Friedman SG, "Mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery" 6 : 87-90, 1987

173 Visrutaratna P, "Mycotic aneurysm of the left subclavian artery: CT findings" 47 : 77-79, 2006

174 Sukerkar AN, "Mycotic aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Case diagnosed with radionuclide imaging and ultrasound" 124 : 444-, 1977

175 Feinsod FM, "Mycotic aneurysm of the external iliac artery: a triad of clinical signs facilitating early diagnosis" 238 : 245-246, 1977

176 Kimura I, "Mycotic aneurysm" 7 : 121-123, 1989

177 Hadley MN, "Multiple intracranial aneurysms due to Coccidioides immitis infection: case report" 66 : 453-456, 1987

178 Nori US, "Mortality risk factors in chronic haemodialysis patients with infective endocarditis" 21 : 2184-2190, 2006

179 Wallace SM, "Mortality from infective endocarditis: clinical predictors of outcome" 88 : 53-60, 2002

180 Ahmadi J, "Monitoring of infectious intracranial aneurysms by sequential computed tomographic/ magnetic resonance imaging studies" 32 : 45-49, 1993

181 Lisby G, "Molecular methods for diagnosis of infective endocarditis" 16 : 393-412, 2002

182 Millar B, "Molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis-a new Duke's criterion" 33 : 673-680, 2001

183 Grijalva M, "Molecular diagnosis of culture negative infective endocarditis: clinical validation in a group of surgically treated patients" 89 : 263-268, 2003

184 Feringa HH, "Mitral valve repair and replacement in endocarditis: a systematic review of literature" 83 : 564-570, 2007

185 De Santo LS, "Mitral mechanical replacement in young rheumatic women: analysis of long-term survival, valve-related complications, and pregnancy outcomes over a 3707-patient-year follow-up" 130 : 13-19, 2005

186 Gottardi R, "Midterm follow-up of tricuspid valve reconstruction due to active infective endocarditis" 84 : 1943-1948, 2007

187 Baboonian C, "Meta-analysis of the association of enteroviruses with human heart disease" 78 : 539-543, 1997

188 Sidhu P, "Mechanical or bioprosthetic valves in the elderly: a 20-year comparison" 71 (71): S257-S260, 2001

189 Strang JI, "Management of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis and tuberculous pericardial effusion in Transkei: results at 10 years follow-up" 97 : 525-535, 2004

190 Habib G, "Management of infective endocarditis" 92 : 124-130, 2006

191 Atlas SW, "Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial aneurysms" 7 : 709-720, 1997

192 Martin B, "MRI of puerperal ovarianvein thrombosis (case report)" 147 : 291-292, 1986

193 Laissy JP, "MRI of acute myocarditis: a comprehensive approach based on various imaging sequences" 122 : 1638-1648, 2002

194 Baddour LM, "Long-term suppressive antimicrobial therapy for intravascular device-related infections" 322 : 209-212, 2001

195 Castillo JC, "Long-term prognosis of early and late prosthetic valve endocarditis" 93 : 1185-1187, 2004

196 Gabriel HM, "Long-term outcome of patients with ventricular septal defect considered not to require surgical closure during childhood" 39 : 1066-1071, 2002

197 Martínez-Sellés M, "Long-term outcome of infective endocarditis in non-intravenous drug users" 83 : 1213-1217, 2008

198 McCarthy RE 3rd, "Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis" 342 : 690-695, 2000

199 Wagner A, "Long-term follow-up of patients with acute myocarditis by magnetic resonance imaging" 16 : 17-20, 2003

200 Coutinho GF, "Long-term follow-up of elderly patients subjected to aortic valve replacement with mechanical prostheses" 9 : 576-581, 2009

201 Falagas ME, "Linezolid for the treatment of patients with endocarditis: a systematic review of the published evidence" 58 : 273-280, 2006

202 Ruotsalainen E, "Levofloxacin does not decrease mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia when added to the standard treatment: a prospective and randomized clinical trial of 381 patients" 259 : 179-190, 2006

203 Rosado P, "Lemierre's syndrome: a serious complication of an odontogenic infection" 14 : e398-e401, 2009

204 Young Tak Seo, "Lemierre Syndrome: A Case of Postanginal Sepsis" 대한내과학회 22 (22): 211-214, 2007

205 Kim DY, "Late presentation of pylephlebitis after orthotopic liver transplantation" 9 : 776-777, 2003

206 Chan KL, "Investigators of the Multicenter Aspirin Study in Infective Endocarditis. A randomized trial of aspirin on the risk of embolic events in patients with infective endocarditis" 42 : 775-780, 2003

207 Kovoor JM, "Intracranial infective aneurysms: angiographic evaluation with treatment" 49 : 262-266, 2001

208 White PM, "Intracranial aneurysms: CT angiography and MR angiography for detection prospective blinded comparison in a large patient cohort" 219 : 739-749, 2001

209 Mayosi BM, "Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis" (4) : CD000526-, 2002

210 Stitzenberg KB, "Interval laparoscopic appendectomy for appendicitis complicated by pylephlebitis" 10 : 108-113, 2006

211 Morpeth S, "International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS) Investigators. Non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis" 147 : 829-835, 2007

212 Kühl U, "Interferon-beta treatment eliminates cardiotropic viruses and improves left ventricular function in patients with myocardial persistence of viral genomes and left ventricular dysfunction" 107 : 2793-2798, 2003

213 Cosgrove SE, "Initial low-dose gentamicin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis is nephrotoxic" 48 : 713-721, 2009

214 Warren-Gash C, "Influenza as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular disease: a systematic review" 9 : 601-610, 2009

215 Abramczuk E, "Influence of pathogenetic factors on prognosis in patients with native valve infective endocarditis" 64 : 675-681, 2006

216 Gopalakrishnan PP, "Infective endocarditis: rationale for revised guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis" 7 : 63-68, 2009

217 Baddour LM, "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America" 111 : e394-e433, 2005

218 Netzer RO, "Infective endocarditis: clinical spectrum, presentation and outcome. An analysis of 212 cases 1980-1995" 84 : 25-30, 2000

219 Terpenning MS, "Infective endocarditis: clinical features in young and elderly patient" 83 : 626-634, 1987

220 Hill EE, "Infective endocarditis: changing epidemiology and predictors of 6-month mortality: a prospective cohort study" 28 : 196-203, 2007

221 Alestig K, "Infective endocarditis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the new millennium" 32 : 343-356, 2000

222 Naber CK, "Infective endocarditis with negative blood cultures" 30 (30): S32-S36, 2007

223 Burton MJ, "Infective endocarditis prevention: update on 2007 guidelines" 121 : 484-486, 2008

224 Na SH, "Infective endocarditis in the elderly patients" 7 : 37-46, 2003

225 McCarthy JT, "Infective endocarditis in patients receiving long-term hemodialysis" 75 : 1008-1014, 2000

226 Dhawan VK, "Infective endocarditis in elderly patients" 34 : 806-812, 2002

227 Niwa K, "Infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease: Japanese national collaboration study" 91 : 795-800, 2005

228 Mylonakis E, "Infective endocarditis in adults" 345 : 1318-1330, 2001

229 Sherman-Weber S, "Infective endocarditis following orthotopic heart transplantation: 10 cases and a review of the literature" 6 : 165-170, 2004

230 Knoll B, "Infective endocarditis due to penicillin-resistant viridans group streptococci" 44 : 1585-1592, 2007

231 Das M, "Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK microorganisms" 48 : 25-33, 1997

232 Moreillon P, "Infective endocarditis" 363 : 139-149, 2004

233 Barrow DL, "Infectious intracranial aneurysms: comparison of groups with and without endocarditis" 27 : 562-572, 1990

234 Reddy DJ, "Infected femoral artery false aneurysms in drug addicts: evolution of selective vascular reconstruction" 3 : 718-724, 1986

235 Macedo TA, "Infected aortic aneurysms: imaging findings" 231 : 250-257, 2004

236 Vogelzang RL, "Infected aortic aneurysms: CT appearance" 12 : 109-112, 1988

237 Sessa C, "Infected aneurysms of the infrarenal abdominal aorta: diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategy" 11 : 453-463, 1997

238 Imazio M, "Individualized therapy for pericarditis" 7 : 965-975, 2009

239 Alsip SG, "Indications for cardiac surgery in patients with active infective endocarditis" 78 : 138-148, 1985

240 Delahaye F, "In-hospital mortality of infective endocarditis: prognostic factors and evolution over an 8-year period" 39 : 849-857, 2007

241 Brown CA, "Implications of the myocarditis treatment trial for clinical practice" 11 : 332-336, 1996

242 Thuny F, "Impact of cerebrovascular complications on mortality and neurologic outcome during infective endocarditis: a prospective multicentre study" 28 : 1155-1161, 2007

243 Liu C, "Immunosuppressive treatment for inflammatory cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" 46 : 113-122, 2005

244 Sachdev M, "Imaging techniques for diagnosis of infective endocarditis" 16 : 319-337, 2002

245 Cooper LT, "Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis-- natural history and treatment. Multicenter Giant Cell Myocarditis Study Group Investigators" 336 : 1860-1866, 1997

246 Abbott KC, "Hospitalizations for bacterial endocarditis after initiation of chronic dialysis in the United States" 91 : 203-209, 2002

247 Tedeschi A, "Highdose intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of acute myocarditis. A case report and review of the literature" 251 : 169-173, 2002

248 Muñoz P, "Heart valves should not be routinely cultured" 46 : 2897-2901, 2008

249 Mills J, "Heart failure in infective endocarditis: predisposing factors, course, and treatment" 66 : 151-157, 1974

250 Benito N, "Health care-associated native valve endocarditis: importance of non-nosocomial acquisition" 150 : 586-594, 2009

251 Habib G, "Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer" 30 : 2369-2413, 2009

252 Maisch B, "Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases executive summary" 25 : 587-610, 2004

253 Horstkotte D, "Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary; the task force on infective endocarditis of the European society of cardiology" 25 : 267-276, 2004

254 Elliott TS, "Guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy" 54 : 971-981, 2004

255 Perry JD, "Glycopeptide tolerance in bacterial causing endocarditis" 44 : 121-124, 1999

256 Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie, "German guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis" 29 : 643-657, 2007

257 Drucker NA, "Gamma- Globulin treatment of acute myocarditis in the pediatric population" 89 : 252-257, 1994

258 Muñoz P, "GAME Study Group. Linezolid therapy for infective endocarditis" 13 : 211-215, 2007

259 Kawai C, "From myocarditis to cardiomyopathy: mechanisms of inflammation and cell death: learning from the past for the future" 99 : 1091-1100, 1999

260 Landais C, "From acute Q fever to endocarditis: serological follow-up strategy" 44 : 1337-1340, 2007

261 Olaison L, "Fever, C-reactive protein, and other acute-phase reactants during treatment of infective endocarditis" 157 : 885-892, 1997

262 Brummitt CF, "Femoral endarteritis due to Staphylococcus aureus complicating percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty" 86 : 822-824, 1989

263 홍석경, "Fatal Peripheral Candidal Suppurative Thrombophlebitis in a Postoperative Patient" 대한의학회 23 (23): 1094-1096, 2008

264 Jarrett F, "Experience with infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta" 110 : 1281-1286, 1975

265 Reuter H, "Experience with adjunctive corticosteroids in managing tuberculous pericarditis" 17 : 233-238, 2006

266 Nicolau DP, "Experience with a once-daily aminoglycoside program administered to 2,184 adult patients" 39 : 650-655, 1995

267 Morawetz RB, "Evolution and resolution of intracranial bacterial (mycotic) aneurysms" 15 : 43-49, 1984

268 Pérez-Vázquez A, "Evaluation of the Duke criteria in 93 episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis: could sensitivity be improved" 160 : 1185-1191, 2000

269 Cremieux AC, "Evaluation of antibiotic diffusion into cardiac vegetations by quantitative autoradiography" 159 : 938-944, 1989

270 Habib G, "European Association of Echocardiography. Recommendations for the practice of echocardiography in infective endocarditis" 11 : 202-219, 2010

271 Duval X, "Estimated risk of endocarditis in adults with predisposing cardiac conditions undergoing dental procedures with or without antibiotic prophylaxis" 42 : e102-e107, 2006

272 Letaief A, "Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Tunisia: a 10-year multicenter retrospective study" 11 : 430-433, 2007

273 Nkomo VT, "Epidemiology and prevention of valvular heart diseases and infective endocarditis in Africa" 93 : 1510-1519, 2007

274 Maraj S, "Epidemiology and outcome of infective endocarditis in hemodialysis patients" 324 : 254-260, 2002

275 Adsett M, "Eosinophilic heart: marked left ventricular wall thickening and myocardial dysfunction improving with corticosteroid therapy" 20 : 369-374, 2003

276 Anderson DJ, "Enterococcal prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: report of 45 episodes from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis- merged database" 24 : 665-670, 2005

277 McDonald JR, "Enterococcal endocarditis: 107 cases from the international collaboration on en docarditis merged database" 118 : 759-766, 2005

278 Fernández Guerrero ML, "Enterococcal endocarditis on native and prosthetic valves: a review of clinical and prognostic factors with emphasis on hospital-acquired infections as a major determinant of outcome" 86 : 363-377, 2007

279 Megran DW, "Enterococcal endocarditis" 15 : 63-71, 1992

280 Malone DA, "Enterococcal bacteremia in two large community teaching hospitals" 81 : 601-606, 1986

281 Corr P, "Endocaritis-related cerebral aneurysms: radiologic changes with treatment" 16 : 745-748, 1995

282 Di Salvo G, "Endocarditis in the elderly: clinical, echocardiographic, and prognostic features" 24 : 1576-1583, 2003

283 Smith SC, "Elevations of cardiac troponin I associated with myocarditis. Experimental and clinical correlates" 95 : 163-168, 1997

284 Van der Meer JT, "Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of native-valve endocarditis" 339 : 135-139, 1992

285 Tomás Carmona I, "Efficacy of antibiotic prophylactic regimens for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis of oral origin" 86 : 1142-1159, 2007

286 Gavaldà J, "Efficacy of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone in treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis strains highly resistant to aminoglycosides" 43 : 639-646, 1999

287 Abramczuk E, "Effects of pathogenic factors on prognosis in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis" 65 : 115-122, 2007

288 Ribera E, "Effectiveness of cloxacillin with and without gentamicin in short-term therapy for right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. A randomized, controlled trial" 125 : 969-974, 1996

289 Brandt CM, "Effective treatment of multidrug-resistant enterococcal experimental endocarditis with combinations of cell-wall active agents" 173 : 909-913, 1996

290 Cherry M, "Effect of rinsing with povidone-iodine on bacteraemia due to scaling: a randomizedcontrolled trial" 34 : 148-155, 2007

291 Martínez E, "Effect of penicillin resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae on the presentation, prognosis, and treatment of pneumococcal endocarditis in adults" 35 : 130-139, 2002

292 Duval X, "Effect of early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in infective endocarditis: a prospective study" 152 : 497-504, 2010

293 Di Salvo G, "Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis" 37 : 1069-1076, 2001

294 Heidenreich PA, "Echocardiography in patients with suspected endocarditis: a cost-effectiveness analysis" 107 : 198-208, 1999

295 Donal E, "Echocardiography features of Candida species endocarditis: 12 cases and a review of published reports" 86 : 179-182, 2001

296 Griffiths BE, "Echocardiography detection of subvalvular aortic root aneurysm extending to mitral valve annulus as complication of aortic valve endocarditis" 47 : 392-396, 1982

297 Pinamonti B, "Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis" 62 : 285-291, 1988

298 Chu VH, "Early predictors of in-hospital death in infective endocarditis" 109 : 1745-1749, 2004

299 Chan KL, "Early clinical course and long-term outcome of patients with infective endocarditis complicated by perivalvular abscess" 167 : 19-24, 2002

300 Ahn BH, "Early and mid-term results of operation for infective endocarditis on mitral valve" 37 : 27-34, 2004

301 Hakim JG, "Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial of adjunctive prednisolone in the treatment of effusive tuberculous pericarditis in HIV seropositive patients" 84 : 183-188, 2000

302 Pruitt A, "Distal septic emboli and fatal brachiocephalic artery mycotic pseudoaneurysm as a complication of stenting" 36 : 625-628, 2002

303 Choi WJ, "Distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm: case report" 7 : 333-337, 2005

304 Towns ML, "Diagnostic methods current best practices and guidelines for isolation of bacteria and fungi in infective endocarditis" 16 : 363-376, 2002

305 Houpikian P, "Diagnostic methods current best practices and guidelines for identification of difficult-to-culture pathogens in infective endocarditis" 16 : 377-392, 2002

306 Naber CK, "Diagnosis of culture negative endocarditis: novel strategies to prove the suspect guilty" 89 : 241-243, 2003

307 Bayer AS, "Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis and its complications" 98 : 2936-2948, 1998

308 Villablanca JP, "Detection and characterization of very small cerebral aneurysms by using 2D and 3D helical CT angiography" 23 : 1187-1198, 2002

309 Roberts GJ, "Dentists are innocent! "Everyday" bacteremia is the real culprit: a review and assessment of the evidence that dental surgical procedures are a principal cause of bacterial endocarditis in children" 20 : 317-325, 1999

310 Strom BL, "Dental and cardiac risk factors for infective endocarditis. A population-based, casecontrol study" 129 : 761-769, 1998

311 López J, "Definition, clinical profile, microbiological spectrum, and prognostic factors of early-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis" 28 : 760-765, 2007

312 Blackstone EH, "Death and other time-related events after valve replacement" 72 : 753-767, 1985

313 Imazio M, "Day-hospital treatment of acute pericarditis: a management program for outpatient therapy" 43 : 1042-1046, 2004

314 Rehm SJ, "Daptomycin versus vancomycin plus gentamicin for treatment of bacteraemia and endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: subset analysis of patients infected with methicillin-resistant isolates" 62 : 1413-1421, 2008

315 Fowler VG Jr, "Daptomycin versus standard therapy for bacteremia and endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus" 355 : 653-665, 2006

316 Levine DP, "Daptomycin in the treatment of patients with infective endocarditis: experience from a registry" 120 (120): S28-S33, 2007

317 Falagas ME, "Daptomycin for endocarditis and/or bacteraemia: a systematic review of the experimental and clinical evidence" 60 : 7-19, 2007

318 Wu LA, "Current role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis" 76 : 1030-1038, 2001

319 Di Filippo S, "Current patterns of infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease" 92 : 1490-1495, 2006

320 Chun JY, "Current multimodality management of infectious intracranial aneurysms" 48 : 1203-1213, 2001

321 Durante-Mangoni E, "Current features of infective endocarditis in elderly patients: results of the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study" 168 : 2095-2103, 2008

322 Sexton DJ, "Current best practices and guidelines. Assessment and management of complications in infective endocarditis" 21 : 273-282, 2003

323 Olaison L, "Current best practices and guidelines indications for surgical intervention in infective endocarditis" 16 : 453-475, 2002

324 Join-Lambert O, "Critical importance of in vivo amoxicillin and cefotaxime concentrations for synergy in treatment of experimental Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis" 42 : 468-470, 1998

325 Imazio M, "Corticosteroids for recurrent pericarditis: high versus low doses: a nonrandomized observation" 118 : 667-671, 2008

326 Imazio M, "Controversial issues in the management of pericardial diseases" 121 : 916-928, 2010

327 Strang JI, "Controlled trial of prednisolone as adjuvant in treatment of tuberculous contrictive pericarditis in Transkei" 330 : 1418-1422, 1987

328 Strang JI, "Controlled trial of prednisolone as adjuvant in treatment of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis in Transkei" 2 : 1418-1422, 1987

329 McNamara DM, "Controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin in recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy" 103 : 2254-2259, 2001

330 Raoult D, "Contribution of systematic serological testing in diagnosis of infective endocarditis" 43 : 5238-5242, 2005

331 Friedrich MG, "Contrast media-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging visualizes myocardial changes in the course of viral myocarditis" 97 : 1802-1809, 1998

332 Wiysonge CS, "Contemporary use of adjunctive corticosteroids in tuberculous pericarditis" 124 : 388-390, 2008

333 Fernández-Hidalgo N, "Contemporary epidemiology and prognosis of health care-associated infective endocarditis" 47 : 1287-1297, 2008

334 Wang A, "Contemporary clinical profile and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis" 297 : 1354-1361, 2007

335 Angel JL, "Computed tomography in diagnosis of puerperal ovarian vein thrombosis" 63 : 61-64, 1984

336 Nguyen BT, "Computed tomography diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysms" 36 : 309-324, 2001

337 Fournier PE, "Comprehensive diagnostic strategy for blood culture negative endocarditis: a prospective study of 819 new cases" 51 : 131-140, 2010

338 Anguera I, "Complications of native and prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: update in 2006" 8 : 280-288, 2006

339 Karth GD, "Complicated infective endocarditis necessitating ICU admission: clinical course and prognosis" 6 : 149-154, 2002

340 Daniel WG, "Comparison of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography for detection of abnormalities of prosthetic and bioprosthetic valves in the mitral and aortic positions" 71 : 210-215, 1993

341 Park SH, "Comparison of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of native valve endocarditis between 1979-1984 and 1991-1996" 30 : 351-357, 1998

342 Kim BN, "Comparison between the Duke Criteria versus the Von Reyn Criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis and the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography" 29 : 13-19, 1997

343 Svetitsky S, "Comparative efficacy and safety of vancomycin versus teicoplanin: systematic review and metaanalysis" 53 : 4069-4079, 2009

344 Diz Dios P, "Comparative efficacies of amoxicillin, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin in prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions" 50 : 2996-3002, 2006

345 Korzeniowski O, "Combination antimicrobial therapy for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in patients addicted to parenteral drugs and in nonaddicts: A prospective study" 97 : 496-503, 1982

346 Imazio M, "Colchicine in addition to conventional therapy for acute pericarditis: results of the Colchicine for acute Pericarditis (COPE) trial" 112 : 2012-2016, 2005

347 Imazio M, "Colchicine as first-choice therapy for recurrent pericarditis" 165 : 1987-1991, 2005

348 Lieberman EB, "Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis" 18 : 1617-1626, 1991

349 Lieback E, "Clinical value of echocardiographic tissue characterization in the diagnosis of myocarditis" 17 : 135-142, 1996

350 Murdoch DR, "Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study" 169 : 463-473, 2009

351 Lange RA, "Clinical practice. Acute pericarditis" 351 : 2195-2202, 2004

352 Kim JS, "Clinical observation of infective endocarditis" 30 : 166-173, 2000

353 Greaves K, "Clinical criteria and the appropriate use of transthoracic echocardiography for the exclusion of infective endocarditis" 89 : 273-275, 2003

354 Revilla A, "Clinical and prognostic profile of patients with infective endocarditis who need urgent surgery" 28 : 65-71, 2007

355 Hill EE, "Clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for embolism and mortality in infective endocarditis" 27 : 1159-1164, 2008

356 Garg N, "Characteristics of infective endocarditis in a developing country- clinical profile and outcome in 192 Indian patients, 1992- 2001" 98 : 253-260, 2005

357 Kuruvilla J, "Characteristics and outcome of patients developing endocarditis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation" 34 : 969-973, 2004

358 Hoen B, "Changing profile of infective endocarditis: results of a 1-year survey in France" 288 : 75-81, 2002

359 Fefer P, "Changing epidemiology of infective endocarditis: a retrospective survey of 108 cases, 1990-1999" 21 : 432-437, 2002

360 Snygg-Martin U, "Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers" 47 : 23-30, 2008

361 Wilson WR, "Ceftriaxone sodium therapy of penicillin G-susceptible streptococcal endocarditis" 267 : 279-280, 1992

362 Sexton DJ, "Ceftriaxone once daily for four weeks compared with ceftriaxone plus gentamicin once daily for two weeks for treatment of endocarditis due to penicillin- susceptible streptococci. Endocarditis Treatment Consortium Group" 27 : 1470-1474, 1998

363 Friedrich MG, "Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper" 53 : 1475-1487, 2009

364 Mahrholdt H, "Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: a comparison to histology and molecular pathology" 109 : 1250-1258, 2004

365 Lauer B, "Cardiac troponin T in patients with clinically suspected myocarditis" 30 : 1354-1359, 1997

366 Walsh TJ, "Candidal suppurative peripheral thrombophlebitis: recognition, prevention, and management" 7 : 16-22, 1986

367 Torres-Rojas JR, "Candidal suppurative peripheral thrombophlebitis" 96 : 431-435, 1982

368 Nguyen MH, "Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis: prospective study of six cases and review of the literature" 22 : 262-267, 1996

369 Baddley JW, "Candida infective endocarditis" 27 : 519-529, 2008

370 Benjamin DK Jr, "Candida endocarditis: contemporary cases from the International Collaboration of Infectious Endocarditis Merged Database (ICE-mD)" 36 : 453-455, 2004

371 lett JG, "Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference guidelines on heart failure, update 2009: diagnosis and management of right-sided heart failure, myocarditis, device therapy and recent important clinical trials" 25 : 85-105, 2009

372 Mori H, "CT diagnosis of catheter-induced septic thrombus of vena cava" 14 : 236-238, 1990

373 Blair RH, "CT appearance of mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms" 13 : 101-104, 1989

374 Nkomo VT, "Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population- based study" 368 : 1005-1011, 2006

375 Gavaldà J, "Brief communication: treatment of Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis with ampicillin plus ceftriaxone" 146 : 574-579, 2007

376 Houpikian P, "Blood culture-negative endocarditis in a reference center: etiologic diagnosis of 348 cases" 84 : 162-173, 2005

377 Lamas CC, "Blood culture negative endocarditis: analysis of 63 cases presenting over 25 years" 89 : 258-262, 2003

378 Huston J 3rd, "Blinded prospective evaluation of sensitivity of MR angiography to known intracranial aneurysms: importance of aneurysm size" 15 : 1607-1614, 1994

379 Zamorano J, "Better prognosis of elderly patients with infectious endocarditis in the era of routine echocardiography and nonrestrictive indications for valve surgery" 15 : 702-707, 2002

380 Werner M, "Bartonella and Coxiella antibodies in 334 prospectively studied episodes of infective endocarditis in Sweden" 35 : 724-727, 2003

381 Bennett DE, "Bacterial infection of aortic aneurysms. A clinicopathologic study" 113 : 321-326, 1967

382 Ward H, "Bacterial endocarditis in pregnancy" 11 : 189-191, 1971

383 Campuzano K, "Bacterial endocarditis complicating pregnancy: case report and systematic review of the literature" 268 : 251-255, 2003

384 Lockhart PB, "Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction" 117 : 3118-3125, 2008

385 Klein RS, "Association of Streptococcus bovis with carcinoma of the colon" 297 : 800-802, 1977

386 Boleij A, "Association between Streptococcus bovis and colon cancer" 47 : 516-, 2009

387 Komatsu Y, "Aspergillus mycotic aneurysm: case report" 31 : 346-350, 1991

388 Flamand F, "Arteritis due to Salmonella with aneurysm formation: two cases" 35 : 248-252, 1992

389 McCready RA, "Arterial infections in the new millenium: an old problem revisited" 20 : 590-595, 2006

390 Renzulli A, "Are blood and valve cultures predictive for long-term outcome following surgery for infective endocarditis" 17 : 228-233, 2000

391 Anguera I, "Aorto-cavitary fistulous tract formation in infective endocarditis: clinical and echocardiographic features of 76 cases and risk factors for mortality" 26 : 288-297, 2005

392 Nottin R, "Aortic valve translocation for severe prosthetic valve endocarditis: early results and long-term follow-up" 79 : 1486-1490, 2005

393 Dec GW, "Antimyosin antibody cardiac imaging: its role in the diagnosis of myocarditis" 16 : 97-104, 1990

394 Yung D, "Antimicrobials for right-sided endocarditis in intravenous drug users: a systematic review" 60 : 921-928, 2007

395 Oliver R, "Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry" (4) : CD003813-, 2008

396 Oliver R, "Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry" (4) : CD003813-, 2008

397 Pallasch TJ, "Antibiotic prophylaxis: problems in paradise" 47 : 665-679, 2003

398 Wright TI, "Antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery: advisory statement 2008" 59 : 464-473, 2008

399 Tong DC, "Antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry: a review and practice recommendations" 131 : 366-374, 2000

400 Schwartz AB, "Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications after tooth extraction and implant placement: a review of the literature" 35 : 881-888, 2007

401 Sekeres MA, "An assessment of the usefulness of the Duke criteria for diagnosing active infective endocarditis" 24 : 1185-1190, 1997

402 Takkenberg JJ, "Allografts for aortic valve or root replacement: insights from an 18-year single-center prospective follow-up study" 31 : 851-859, 2007

403 Kotilainen P, "Aetiological diagnosis of infective endocarditis by direct amplification of rRNA genes from surgically removed valve tissue. An 11-year experience in a Finnish teaching hospital" 38 : 263-273, 2006

404 Ntsekhe M, "Adjuvant corticosteroids for tuberculous pericarditis: promising, but not proven" 96 : 593-599, 2003

405 Perlroth J, "Adjunctive use of rifampin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review of the literature" 168 : 805-819, 2008

406 Tuon FF, "Adenosine deaminase and tuberculous pericarditis: a systematic review with meta-analysis" 99 : 67-74, 2006

407 Cunha BA, "Acute infective endocarditis. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach" 10 : 811-834, 1996

408 Cevasco M, "Acute infectious pseudoaneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta and review of infectious aortitis" 44 : 697-700, 2010

409 Rutledge R, "Actuarial analysis of the risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis in 1,598 patients with mechanical and bioprosthetic valves" 120 : 469-472, 1995

410 Jault F, "Active native valve endocarditis: determinants of operative death and late mortality" 63 : 1737-1741, 1997

411 Cheitlin MD, "ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography)" 42 : 954-970, 2003

412 Nishimura RA, "ACC/AHA 2008 Guideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons" 52 : 676-685, 2008

413 Hunt SA, "ACC/ AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult-summary article" 112 : 1825-1852, 2005

414 Tleyjeh IM, "A systematic review of polulation-based studies of infective endocarditis" 132 : 1025-1035, 2007

415 bach WJ, "A meta-analysis of medical versus surgical therapy for Candida endocarditis" 51 : 230-247, 2005

416 Peters P, "A dangerous dilemma: manage ment of infectious intracranial aneurysms complicating endocarditis" 6 : 742-748, 2006

417 Mason JW, "A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators" 333 : 269-275, 1995

418 Hwang SH, "A clinical study of the prosthetic valve endocarditis" 38 : 293-303, 1990

419 Werner M, "A clinical study of culture-negative endocarditis" 82 : 263-273, 2003

420 Park PG, "A case of tricuspid valve endocarditis with septic pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a healthy woman" 76 (76): S199-S203, 2009

421 Kil JS, "A case of infective endocarditis with a mycotic aneurysm of the superficial palmar arch" 74 : S135-S138, 2008

422 Shin BS, "A case of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis secondary to acute isolated sphenoid sinusitis" 18 : 783-785, 2000

423 윤희정, "A Comparison of Clinical Features and Mortality among Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis" 연세대학교의과대학 46 (46): 496-502, 2005

424 진영주, "A Case of Acute Myopericarditis Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in a Korean Adult" 대한감염학회 41 (41): 245-248, 2009

425 이길수, "90년대 중반 이후 시행한 감염성 심내막염의 중단기 수술 성적" 대한흉부외과학회 40 (40): 341-350, 2007

426 Bonow RO, "2008 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons" 52 : e1-e142, 2008

427 Moller JH, "1,000 consecutive children with a cardiac malformation with 26- to 37-year follow-up" 70 : 661-667, 1992