Genetic Stock Identification of Immature Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the Western Bering Sea, 2004

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Genetic stock identification studies have been widely applied to Pacific salmon species to estimate stock composition of complex mixed-stock fisheries. In a September−October 2004 survey, 739 chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) specimens were collected from 23 stations in the western Bering Sea. We determined the genetic stock composition of immature chum salmon based on the previous mitochondria DNA baseline. Each regional estimate was computed based on the conditional maximum likelihood method using 1,000 bootstrap resampling and then pooled to the major regional groups: Korea - Japan - Primorie (KJP) / Russia (RU) / Northwest Alaska (NWA) / Alaska Peninsula - Southcentral Alaska - Southeast Alaska - British Columbia - Washington (ONA). The stock composition of immature chum salmon in the western Bering Sea was a mix of 0.424 KJP, 0.421 RU, 0.116 NWA, and 0.039 ONA stocks. During the study period, the contribution of Asian chum salmon stocks gradually changed from RU to KJP stock. In addition, North American populations from NWA and ONA were small but present near the vicinity of the Russian coast and the Commander Islands, suggesting that the study areas in the western Bering Sea were an important migration route for Pacific chum salmon originating both from Asia and North America during the months of September and October. These results make it possible to better understand the chum salmon stock composition of the mixed-stock fisheries in the western Bering Sea and the stock-specific distribution pattern of chum salmon on the high-seas.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Seo H, "Variability in scale growth of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in relation to climate changes in the late 1980s" 68 : 205-216, 2006

2 Zardoya R, "The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA genome of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss" 41 (41): 942-951, 1995

3 Pella J, "The Gibbs and splitmerge sampler for population mixture analysis from genetic data with incomplete baselines" 63 (63): 576-596, 2006

4 Urawa S, "Stock-specific ocean distribution of immature chum salmon in the summer and early fall of 2003: estimates by allozyme analysis" 896 : 14-, 2005

5 Urawa S, "Stock-specific ocean distribution and migration of chum salmon in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean" 5 : 131-146, 2009

6 Myers KW, "Stock-specific distributions of Asian and North American salmon in the open ocean, interannual changes, and oceanographic conditions" 4 : 159-177, 2007

7 Bugaev AV, "Stock-specific distribution and abundance of immature chum salmon in the western Bering Sea in summer and fall 2002–2003" 5 : 105-120, 2009

8 Shuntov VP, "State of exploration of Far Eastern seas fish abundance long term cyclic variations" 3 : 3-14, 1986

9 Seeb LW, "Single nucleotide polymorphisms across a species’range: implications for conservation studies of Pacific salmon" 11 : 195-217, 2011

10 Ishida Y, "Review of ocean salmon research by Japan from 1991 to 1998" 2 : 191-201, 2000

11 Karpenko VI, "Review of Russian marine investigations of juvenile Pacific salmon" 3 : 69-88, 2003

12 Bugaev AV, "Results of marine research on the RMS "Moskamalfa" in 2001" 607 : 20-, 2001

13 Ishida Y, "Potential influence of north Pacific sea-surface temperatures on increased production of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from Japan" 121 : 271-275, 1995

14 Beacham TD, "Population structure and stock identification of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta from Japan determined by microsatellite DNA variation" 74 : 983-994, 2008

15 Beacham TD, "Population structure and stock identification of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)based upon microsatellite analysis" North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Technical 31-32, 2003

16 Beacham TD, "Population structure and stock identification of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) based upon microsatellite analysis, In 2003 International Workshop on Application of Stock Identification in Defining Marine Distribution and Migration of Salmon" NPAFC 31-33, 2004

17 Pella JJ, "Population genetics and fishery management" University of Washington Press 247-276, 1987

18 Salo EO, "Pacific salmon life histories" UBC Press 231-310, 1991

19 Urawa S, "Origins and distribution of chum salmon in the central Bering Sea, In 2004 International Workshop, BASIS-2004: Salmon and Marine Ecosystems in the Bering Sea and Adjacent Waters" NPAFC 67-70, 2005

20 Courtney DL, "Origin of juvenile Pacific salmon recovered from coastal southeastern Alaska identified by otolith thermal marks and coded wire tags" 46 : 267-278, 2000

21 Urawa S, "Origin and distribution of chum salmon in the Bering Sea during the early fall of 2002: estimates by allozyme analysis" 794 : 11-, 2004

22 Friedland KD, "Open-ocean orientation and return migration routes of chum salmon based on temperature data from data storage tags" 216 : 235-252, 2001

23 Smith CT, "Number of alleles as a predictor of the relative assignment accuracy of short tandem repeat (STR)and single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) baselines for chum salmon" 137 : 751-762, 2008

24 Moriya S, "Nonrandom distribution of chum salmon stocks in the Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean estimated using mitochondrial DNA microarray" 75 : 359-367, 2009

25 Sambrook J, "Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual" Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 1626-, 1989

26 Yoon M, "Mitochondrial DNA variation and genetic population structure of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta around the Pacific Rim" 73 : 1256-1266, 2008

27 Yoon M, "Mitochondrial DNA analysis of genetic variation in the Pacific Rim populations of chum salmon" North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commision 25-, 2004

28 Seeb LW, "Migration of Pacific Rim chum salmon on the high seas: insights from genetic data" 69 : 21-36, 2004

29 Beacham TD, "Microsatellite stock identification of chum salmon on a Pacific Rim basis" 29 : 1757-1776, 2009

30 Myers KW, "High seas salmon research program, 2003" University of Washington 2004

31 Urawa S, "Geographic origin of high-seas chum salmon determined by genetic and thermal otolith markers" 2 : 283-290, 2000

32 Sato S, "Genetic stock identification of chum salmon in the central Bering Sea and adjacent North Pacific Ocean by DNA microarray during the early falls of 2002 and 2003" 793 : 21-, 2004

33 Moriya S, "Genetic stock identification of chum salmon in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean using mitochondrial DNA microarray" 9 (9): 179-191, 2007

34 Winans GA, "Genetic stock identification of chum salmon in highseas test fisheries in the western North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea" 1 : 220-226, 1998

35 Urawa S, "Genetic stock identification of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the North Pacific Ocean in the winter 1996" Salmon 97-104, 1997

36 Sato S, "Genetic population structure of chum salmon in the Pacific Rim inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence variation" 69 : 37-50, 2004

37 Fournier DA, "Estimating stock composition in mixed stock fisheries using morphometric, meristic, and electrophoretic characteristics" 41 (41): 400-408, 1984

38 Farley EV, "Eastern Bering Sea (BASIS) coastal research (August–October 2003) on juvenile salmon" 816 : 29-, 2004

39 Davis ND, "Diel catches and food habits of sockeye, pink, and chum salmon in the central Bering Sea in summer" 2 : 99-109, 2000

40 Efron B, "Bootstrap methods for standard errors, confidence intervals, and other measures of statistical accuracy" 1 : 54-77, 1986

41 Davis ND, "Bering Sea salmon diet overlap in fall 2002 and potential for interactions among salmon" 779 : 30-, 2004

42 Pella J, "Bayesian methods for analysis of stock mixtures from genetic characters" 99 : 151-167, 2001

43 Anderson EC, "An improved method for predicting the accuracy of genetic stock identification" 65 : 1475-1486, 2008

44 Urawa S, "A migration model of Japanese chum salmon during early ocean life" North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission 2-, 2001