미국의 상업적 원격탐사활동에 대한 규제개혁 정책 = U.S. Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Reform Policy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The current U.S. remote sensing act was made in 1992 and has been criticized for being outdated and inappropriate in view of the modern technological development. In order to enhance the American competitiveness and leadership in the world, President Trump announced Space Policy Directive (SPD) – 2 on May 24, which is designed to modernize the regulations related to commercial space activities including private remote sensing system operations. It should be noted that the regulatory reform efforts are made within broader terms of the National Security Strategy on Dec. 17, 2017, pursuing the enhancement of national security and economic prosperity as well. A legislative support in Congress has also been added to the Administration’s efforts. The proposed regulatory reform on the licensing of commercial remote sensing system operations outlines the features of lessening administrative burden on applicants by simplifying the overall application process and of limiting the operations only when there is an impact upon the national security with clear and convincing evidence. But, due to a different regulatory system of each country, such a movement to expand an individual’s freedom to explore and utilize outer space may result in an international dispute or a violation of international obligations, so there should be a merit in paying attention to the U.S. commercial remote sensing regulatory reform, and it is desirable to establish international norms as flexible and appropriate to the level of space technology and space industry.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국의 현행 원격탐사에 관한 법은 1992년에 제정되어 현재의 기술수준에 맞지 않는다는 비판을 받아왔다. 이에 트럼프 대통령은 원격탐사분야를 포함해 상업적 우주활동에 대한 규제체제를 개혁함으로써 미국의 경쟁력을 제고하기 위해 2018년 5월 24일 Space Policy Directive (SPD) – 2를 발표하였다. 미 행정부의 규제개혁 노력은 국가안보와 경제적 번영을 동시에 추구하고자 하는 2017년 12월 17일 국가안보전략(National Security Strategy)의 틀에서 추진된다. 미 의회 또한 행정부의 규제개혁 노력에 발 맞춰 입법논의를 진행하고 있다. 상업원격탐사시스템의 운영허가에 관한 규제개혁은 허가절차에 관한 프로세스를 대폭 개선해서 신청인의 행정부담을 경감하고 또한 허가심사과정에서 국가안보 등에 미치는 영향이 명백한 경우에만 허가를 제한하는 내용을 골자로 한다. 그러나 개인 우주활동의 자유 확대는 국가간 상이한 규제체제로 인해 국제법상 분쟁이나 위반을 초래할 수 있기 때문에 국제적인 차원에서 미국의 규제개혁 노력에 관심을 갖고 우주기술 및 우주산업의 수준에 맞게 신축적으로 적용 가능한 국제적 규범을 발전시키기 위한 노력이 필요하다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 권희석, "미국의 상업적 우주활동에 대한 규제개혁 정책" 한국항공우주학회 46 (46): 1056-1069, 2018

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3 "UNGA Resolution A/68/74, Recommendations on national legislation relevant to the peaceful exploration and use of outer space"

4 "UNGA Resolution A/41/65, Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space"

5 United States Government, "U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices"

6 White House, "U.S. Commercial Remote Sensing Policy"

7 Gabrynowicz, J.I., "The Land Remote Sensing Laws and Policies of National Governments: A Global Survey"

8 White House, "Space Policy Directive (SPD)-3-National Space Traffic Management Policy"

9 White House, "Space Policy Directive (SPD)-2-Streamlining Regulations on Commercial Use of Space"

10 "Senate Bill S. 3277, 115th Congress (2017-2018), Space Frontier Act of 2018"

11 Department of Commerce, "Remarks by Acting Deputy Secretary of Commerce Karen Dunn Kelley at the fourth Meeting of the National Space Council"

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18 Department of Commerce, "Legislative Proposal to Establish Bureau of Space Commerce"

19 "Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992. Pub. L. 102-555 (1992.10.28), 106 Stat. 4163-4180, 51 USC 60101 et seq. (as transferred from 15 USC 5601 et seq.)"

20 "Land Remote Sensing Commercialization Act of 1984. Pub. L. 98-965 (1984.7.17), H.R.5156, 15 USC Ch. 68, section 4201 et seq."

21 "House Bill HR 2809, 115th Congress (2017-2018), American Space Commerce Free Enterprise Act"

22 White House, "Fact Sheet-President Donald J. Trump is Unveiling an America First National Space Strategy"

23 "CFR (Title 15, Code of Federal Regulations) part 960-Licensing of Private Remote Sensing Systems (sections 960.1-960.15)"

24 Department of Commerce, "ANPRM (Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking)-83 FR 30592"