荀子의 敎育思想의 硏究 = A STUDY ON EDUCATIONAL THOUGHT OF HSUN-TZU

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Hsun-tzu, a native of Chao in the later phase of Chou dynasty, is a profound thinker and energetic defender of Ju philosophy of Confucius. He is credited with thirty-three essays in twenty volumes of lasting fame. His academic enthusiasm in defense of Ju philosophy is ranked as equal as Meng-tzu. Being mindful of the general welfare of the people suffering from war and corruption, he placed particular emphasis on education in his writings in dealing with political and economic problems of the age.
His educational thought is based on his view of Heaven and Human Nature. Hsun-tzu rejected the traditional view of Heaven and in its stead developed an empirical view on Heaven. He denies the theory that the Heaven works at its Will. According to him, there is constancy in Heaven that the rise of Yao and the fall of Kyoul (桀) should not be considered as events done by Heaven's Will. He advocates that men would be better equipped to know more about Heaven if men work hard to develop their capacities to the full extent. His view can be well summed up as humanistic.
Inherent goodness of human nature as advocated by Meng-tzu was opposed by Hsun-tzu. Inherent evilness advocated by Hsun-tzu. According to him, the greatness of Yao and Shun were achieved by their efforts of developing the good instincts. Hsun-tsu's stress of this proper nurturing of human nature is the cardinal basis of his view on educational possibility of man. Though Meng-tzu or Ju scholars of Sung had different views on human nature, they and Hsun-tzu all share the common view that the educational goal of nurturing the good instincts was possible. Hsun-tzu's saying of the universal evilness of human nature and his claim that anybody can become a Yao or a Shun, however, are conflicting statement. It is the writer's view that this shortcoming is attributable to Hsun-tzu's overlook of the unique feature of individual talent and capacity.
Of the educational aim and method, Hsun-tzu valued high the utility of Ju philosophy. He set forth four types of men; namely, the sage, the gentry, the noble and the commoner. To become a sage, the ideal and perfect man, is the final goal of educational endeavor, according to Hsun-tzu. He recommended a concentrated teaching on the classic books of Ju philosophy; i.e. Classic of Poetry, Classic of History, Record of Rites, Classic of Music and Ch'un Ch'iu (Spsing and Autumn.) Teaching of Rites and Music were particularly stressed by Hsun-tzu to learn the way of sage king. When learned the teachings of the sage, this must beput into practice and thus bringing forth the further learning, Hsun-tzu emphasized the doctrine of learning by doing. His contribution in this respect is worthy of review in light with what was advocated by Confucius or the dialogue method of Socrates, the author believes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 序 論
• Ⅰ章 荀子의 生涯와 業蹟
• Ⅱ章 敎育思想의 背景
• 1節 天 論
• 2節 人性論
• Ⅲ章 荀子의 敎育論
• 1節 敎育의 槪念
• 2節 敎育의 目的
• 3節 敎育의 內容
• 4節 敎育의 方法
• Ⅳ章 結 論
• 參考文獻紹介