1 Espinoza FI, "Vocal fold paralysis following carotid endarterectomy" 113 : 439-441, 1999
2 Symes A, "Variations in the surface anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle" 27 : 404-408, 2005
3 Paraskevas GK, "Unusual morphological pattern and distribution of the ansa cervicalis: a case report" 55 : 993-996, 2014
4 Merdad M, "Unexplained fever after bilateral superficial cervical block in children undergoing cochlear implantation: an observational study" 59 : 28-33, 2012
5 Wan Q, "Ultrasound-guided versus fluoroscopy-guided deep cervical plexus block for the treatment of cervicogenic headache" 2017 : 4654803-, 2017
6 Shin HJ, "Ultrasound-guided subcutaneous cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" 28 : 304-305, 2014
7 Townsley P, "Ultrasound-guided spinal accessory nerve blockade in the diagnosis and management of trapezius muscle-related myofascial pain" 66 : 386-389, 2011
8 Martusevicius R, "Ultrasound-guided locoregional anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: a prospective observational study" 44 : 27-30, 2012
9 Seidel R, "Ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block. Anatomical study" 64 : 446-450, 2015
10 Calderon AL, "Ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy using a new anterior approach: a two-centre prospective observational study" 70 : 445-451, 2015
11 Seidel R, "Ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block and perivascular local anesthetic infiltration for carotid endarterectomy: a randomized controlled trial" 65 : 917-924, 2016
12 Alilet A, "Ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical block versus superficial cervical block for carotid artery endarterectomy: the randomized-controlled CERVECHO trial" 36 : 91-95, 2017
13 Flores S, "Ultrasound-guided greater auricular nerve block for emergency department ear laceration and ear abscess drainage" 50 : 651-655, 2016
14 Ritchie MK, "Ultrasound-guided greater auricular nerve block as sole anesthetic for ear surgery" 6 : 856-, 2016
15 Choquet O, "Ultrasound-guided deep or intermediate cervical plexus block: the target should be the posterior cervical space" 111 : 1563-1564, 2010
16 Perisanidis C, "Ultrasound-guided combined intermediate and deep cervical plexus nerve block for regional anaesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery" 42 : 29945724-, 2013
17 Casutt M, "Ultrasound-guided carotid sheath block for carotid endarterectomy: a case series of the spread of injectate" 7 : 168-176, 2015
18 Senapathi TGA, "Ultrasound-guided bilateral superficial cervical plexus block is more effective than landmark technique for reducing pain from thyroidectomy" 10 : 1619-1622, 2017
19 Maybin J, "Ultrasound guided supraclavicular nerve blockade: first technical description and the relevance for shoulder surgery under regional anaesthesia" 66 : 1053-1055, 2011
20 Sandeman DJ, "Ultrasound guided deep cervical plexus block" 34 : 240-244, 2006
21 Thallaj A, "Ultrasound guidance of uncommon nerve blocks" 5 : 392-394, 2011
22 Saranteas T, "Ultrasound anatomy of the cervical paravertebral space: a preliminary study" 32 : 617-622, 2010
23 Stecco A, "Ultrasonography in myofascial neck pain: randomized clinical trial for diagnosis and follow-up" 36 : 243-253, 2014
24 Pu YM, "Trapezius muscle innervation from the spinal accessory nerve and branches of the cervical plexus" 37 : 567-572, 2008
25 Yerzingatsian KL, "Thyroidectomy under local analgesia: the anatomical basis of cervical blocks" 71 : 207-210, 1989
26 Herring AA, "The ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block for anesthesia and analgesia in emergency care settings" 30 : 1263-1267, 2012
27 Campbell EJ, "The role of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in breathing in normal subjects; an electromyographic study" 89 : 378-386, 1955
28 Wyburn-Mason R, "The nature of tic douloureux; treatment by alcohol block or section of the great auricular nerve" 2 : 119-122, 1953
29 Zhang M, "The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia does not exist between the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles" 127 : 452-454, 2002
30 Grodinsky M, "The fasciae and fascial spaces of the head, neck and adjacent regions" 63 : 367-408, 1938
31 Herbland A, "The bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with 0.75% ropivacaine administered before or after surgery does not prevent postoperative pain after total thyroidectomy" 31 : 34-39, 2006
32 Nason RW, "The anatomy of the accessory nerve and cervical lymph node biopsy" 180 : 241-243, 2000
33 Aunac S, "The analgesic efficacy of bilateral combined superficial and deep cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery under general anesthesia" 95 : 746-750, 2002
34 Civelek E, "Surgical anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk during anterolateral approach to cervical spine" 17 : 991-995, 2008
35 de Sousa AA, "Superficial vs combined cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy: a prospective, randomized study" 63 (63): S22-S25, 2005
36 Ivanec Z, "Superficial versus combined (deep and superficial) cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy" 47 : 81-86, 2008
37 Kesisoglou I, "Superficial selective cervical plexus block following total thyroidectomy: a randomized trial" 32 : 984-988, 2010
38 Pandit JJ, "Superficial or deep cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review of complications" 99 : 159-169, 2007
39 Tubbs RS, "Superficial landmarks for the spinal accessory nerve within the posterior cervical triangle" 3 : 375-378, 2005
40 Girard F, "Superficial cervical plexus block for transitional analgesia in infratentorial and occipital craniotomy: a randomized trial" 57 : 1065-1070, 2010
41 Shin HY, "Superficial cervical plexus block for management of herpes zoster neuralgia in the C3 dermatome: a case report" 8 : 59-, 2014
42 Masters RD, "Superficial and deep cervical plexus block: technical considerations" 63 : 235-243, 1995
43 Davies MJ, "Superficial and deep cervical plexus block for carotid artery surgery: a prospective study of 1000 blocks" 22 : 442-446, 1997
44 Missaghi B, "Sternocleidomastoid syndrome: a case study" 48 : 201-205, 2004
45 Cvetko E, "Sternocleidomastoid muscle additionally innervated by the facial nerve: case report and review of the literature" 90 : 54-56, 2015
46 Brennan PA, "Sternocleidomastoid innervation from an aberrant nerve arising from the hypoglossal nerve: a prospective study of 160 neck dissections" 39 : 205-209, 2017
47 Pandit JJ, "Spread of injectate with superficial cervical plexus block in humans: an anatomical study" 91 : 733-735, 2003
48 Fitzgerald MJ, "Sources of innervation of the neuromuscular spindles in sternomastoid and trapezius" 134 : 471-490, 1982
49 Jelev L, "Some unusual types of formation of the ansa cervicalis in humans and proposal of a new morphological classification" 26 : 961-965, 2013
50 Kimura T, "Severe hypertension after stellate ganglion block" 94 : 840-842, 2005
51 Bremner-Smith AT, "Sensory pathways in the spinal accessory nerve" 81 : 226-228, 1999
52 Leblanc I, "Safety and efficiency of ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block for carotid surgery" 35 : 109-114, 2016
53 Umbrain VJ, "Ropivacaine 3.75 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, or 7.5 mg/ml for cervical plexus block during carotid endarterectomy" 29 : 312-316, 2004
54 Kokofer A, "Ropivacaine 0.375% vs. 0.75% with prilocaine for intermediate cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy: a randomised trial" 32 : 781-789, 2015
55 Hardy D, "Relief of pain in acute herpes zoster by nerve blocks and possible prevention of post-herpetic neuralgia" 52 : 186-190, 2005
56 Schechter MA, "Regional versus general anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program perspective" 152 : 309-314, 2012
57 Guay J, "Regional anesthesia for carotid surgery" 21 : 638-644, 2008
58 Ciccozzi A, "Regional anaesthesia techniques for carotid surgery: the state of art" 17 : 175-183, 2014
59 Stoneham MD, "Regional anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy" 114 : 372-383, 2015
60 Harris RJ, "Recurrent laryngeal nerve blockade in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy under cervical plexus block" 28 : 431-433, 2000
61 Stoneham MD, "Prospective, randomized comparison of deep or superficial cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy surgery" 89 : 907-912, 1998
62 Suresh S, "Postoperative pain relief in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery: is a regional block better than opioids?" 94 : 859-862, 2002
63 Kim JS, "Postoperative analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided intermediatecervical plexus block on unipolar sternocleidomastoid release with myectomy in pediatric patients with congenital muscular torticollis: a prospective, randomized controlled trial" 43 : 634-640, 2018
64 민삼홍, "Posterior auricular pain caused by the trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle aggravated by psychological factors -A case report-" 대한마취통증의학회 59 : 229-232, 2010
65 Urmey WF, "One hundred percent incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis associated with interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia as diagnosed by ultrasonography" 72 : 498-503, 1991
66 Hayward R, "Observations on the innervation of the sternomastoid muscle" 49 : 951-953, 1986
67 Havet E, "Morphometric study of the shoulder and subclavicular innervation by the intermediate and lateral branches of supraclavicular nerves" 29 : 605-610, 2007
68 Piffer CR, "Mesoscopic and microscopic study of the carotid sheath" 106 : 393-399, 1980
69 Moncada R, "Mediastinitis from odontogenic and deep cervical infection. Anatomic pathways of propagation" 73 : 497-500, 1978
70 Bodes-Pardo G, "Manual treatment for cervicogenic headache and active trigger point in the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a pilot randomized clinical trial" 36 : 403-411, 2013
71 Bonati LH, "Long-term outcomes after stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis: the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) randomised trial" 385 : 529-538, 2015
72 Tschopp KP, "Local injection therapy in 107 patients with myofascial pain syndrome of the head and neck" 58 : 306-310, 1996
73 Natale G, "Is the cervical fascia an anatomical proteus?" 37 : 1119-1127, 2015
74 Zhang MN, "Investing layer of the cervical fascia of the neck may not exit" 104 : 1344-1345, 2006
75 Pandit JJ, "Investing layer of the cervical fascia of the neck may not exist" 104 : 1344-, 2006
76 de Arruda JV, "Intraoral anesthesia of the cervical plexus responsible for the sensory innervation of the platysma muscle or skin of the neck" 31 : 229-231, 1974
77 Winnie AP, "Interscalene cervical plexus block: a single-injection technic" 54 : 370-375, 1975
78 Shakespeare TJ, "Intermittent hoarseness with continuous interscalene brachial plexus catheter infusion due to deficient carotid sheath" 57 : 1085-1086, 2013
79 Barone M, "Intermediate cervical plexus block for cervical esophagus diverticulectomy" 66 : 59-61, 2015
80 Elsharkawy H, "Interfascial plane blocks: back to basics" 43 : 341-346, 2018
81 Lisboa C, "Inspiratory muscle function in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis" 134 : 488-492, 1986
82 Yoshizaki F, "Innervation of sternocleidomastoid muscle of man and the rabbit" 73 : 159-171, 1961
83 Hye RJ, "Incidence, outcomes, and effect on quality of life of cranial nerve injury in the carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stenting trial" 61 : 1208-1214, 2015
84 Castresana MR, "Incidence and clinical significance of hemidiaphragmatic paresis in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy during cervical plexus block anesthesia" 6 : 21-23, 1994
85 Warshafsky D, "Imaging anatomy of deep neck spaces" 45 : 1203-1221, 2012
86 Avidan A, "Horner's syndrome is not a complication of a brachial plexus block" 29 : 378-, 2004
87 Ahmad M, "Horner's syndrome following internal jugular vein dialysis catheter insertion" 19 : 94-96, 2008
88 Flores S, "Horner's syndrome after superficial cervical plexus block" 16 : 428-431, 2015
89 Hayashi S, "Histology of the human carotid sheath revisited" 84 : 49-60, 2007
90 Palliyalil M, "Histological assessment of the carotid sheath in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma" 75 : 2465-2476, 2017
91 Tubbs RS, "Histologic confirmation of neuronal cell bodies along the spinal accessory nerve" 28 : 746-749, 2014
92 Guidera AK, "Head and neck fascia and compartments: no space for spaces" 36 : 1058-1068, 2014
93 Standring S, "Gray's Anatomy. 41th ed." Churchill Livingstone Elsevier 468-, 2017
94 Standring S, "Gray's Anatomy. 41th ed." Churchill Livingstone Elsevier 41-, 2016
95 Standring S, "Gray's Anatomy. 41th ed." Churchill Livingstone Elsevier 463-464, 2016
96 Standring S, "Gray's Anatomy, 41th ed." Churchill Livingstone Elsevier 445-, 2016
97 Unic-Stojanovic D, "General versus regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy" 27 : 1379-1383, 2013
98 Suzuki S, "Factors associated with neck hematoma after thyroidectomy: a retrospective analysis using a japanese inpatient database" 95 : e2812-, 2016
99 Restrepo CE, "Expanding what is known of the anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve" 28 : 467-471, 2015
100 Bonnevie T, "Exercise testing in patients with diaphragm paresis" 248 : 31-35, 2018
101 Reifenberger G, "Epidermal growth factor receptor expression and growth fraction in human tumours of the nervous system" 414 : 147-155, 1989
102 Sudheesh Kannan, "Effects of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block on sevoflurane consumption during thyroid surgery under entropy-guided general anesthesia: a prospective randomized study" 대한마취통증의학회 71 (71): 141-148, 2018
103 Mariappan R, "Effect of superficial cervical plexus block on postoperative quality of recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a randomized controlled trial" 62 : 883-890, 2015
104 Capek S, "Do cutaneous nerves cross the midline?" 28 : 96-100, 2015
105 Smoker WR, "Differential diagnosis of head and neck lesions based on their space of origin. 2. The infrahyoid portion of the neck" 157 : 155-159, 1991
106 Dhonneur G, "Demonstration of the spread of injectate with deep cervical plexus block: a case series" 32 : 116-119, 2007
107 Adstrum S, "Defining the fascial system" 21 : 173-177, 2017
108 Goldberg ME, "Deep cervical plexus block for the treatment of cervicogenic headache" 11 : 849-854, 2008
109 Telford RJ, "Correct nomenclature of superficial cervical plexus blocks" 92 : 775-, 2004
110 Gidley PW, "Contemporary management of deep neck space infections" 116 : 16-22, 1997
111 Carmichael FJ, "Computed tomographic analysis of airway dimensions after carotid endarterectomy" 83 : 12-17, 1996
112 Carling A, "Complications from regional anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy" 84 : 797-800, 2000
113 Ramachandran SK, "Comparison of intermediate vs subcutaneous cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy" 107 : 157-163, 2011
114 Sait Kavakli A, "Comparison of combined (deep and superficial) and intermediate cervical plexus block by use of ultrasound guidance for carotid endarterectomy" 30 : 317-322, 2016
115 Rossel T, "Combination of high-resolution ultrasound-guided perivascular regional anesthesia of the internal carotid artery and intermediate cervical plexus block for carotid surgery" 39 : 981-986, 2013
116 Moore K, "Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed." Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 988-, 2014
117 Fokkema M, "Clinical relevance of cranial nerve injury following carotid endarterectomy" 47 : 2-7, 2014
118 Tobias JD, "Cervical plexus block in adolescents" 11 : 606-608, 1999
119 Shinozaki T, "Cervical plexus block helps in diagnosis of orofacial pain originating from cervical structures" 210 : 41-47, 2006
120 Guidera AK, "Cervical fascia: a terminological pain in the neck" 82 : 786-791, 2012
121 Levitt GW, "Cervical fascia and deep neck infections" 80 : 409-435, 1970
122 Kefalianakis F, "Carotid-surgery in ultrasound-guided anesthesia of the regio colli lateralis" 40 : 576-581, 2005
123 Barone M, "Carotid endarterectomy with intermediate cervical plexus block" 37 : 297-300, 2010
124 Kfoury E, "Carotid endarterectomy under local and/or regional anesthesia has less risk of myocardial infarction compared to general anesthesia: An analysis of national surgical quality improvement program database" 23 : 113-119, 2015
125 Parrot D, "Carotid endarterectomy under cervical plexus block" 36 : 255-259, 1988
126 Lookman AA, "Brachial plexus infiltration; single injection technique" 13 : 5-18, 1958
127 Broderick AJ, "Brachial plexus blockade as a result of aberrant anatomy after superficial cervical plexus block" 35 : 476-477, 2010
128 Kwok AO, "Bilateral vocal cord palsy during carotid endarterectomy under cervical plexus block" 102 : 376-377, 2006
129 Bageant TE, "Bilateral hypoglossal-nerve palsy following a second carotid endarterectomy" 43 : 595-596, 1975
130 North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators, "Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis" 325 : 445-453, 1991
131 Tubbs RS, "Approach to the cervical portion of the vagus nerve via the posterior cervical triangle: a cadaveric feasibility study with potential use in vagus nerve stimulation procedures" 5 : 540-542, 2006
132 Cornish PB, "Applied anatomy of cervical plexus blockade" 90 : 1790-1791, 1999
133 Khaki AA, "Ansa cervicalis as a variant of spinal accessory nerve plexus: a case report" 19 : 540-543, 2006
134 Lyons AJ, "Anatomical variants of the cervical sympathetic chain to be considered during neck dissection" 36 : 180-182, 1998
135 Granite EL, "Anatomic considerations in infections of the face and neck: review of the literature" 34 : 34-44, 1976
136 Mayhew D, "Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block for thyroid surgery: meta-analysis and systematic review" 120 : 241-251, 2018
137 Kim JS, "Analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided serratus-intercostal plane block and ultrasoundguided intermediate cervical plexus block after single-incision transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial" 41 : 584-588, 2016
138 Madro P, "Anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy. Ultrasound-guided superficial/intermediate cervical plexus block combined with carotid sheath infiltration" 48 : 234-238, 2016
139 Usui Y, "An anatomical basis for blocking of the deep cervical plexus and cervical sympathetic tract using an ultrasound-guided technique" 110 : 964-968, 2010
140 Kwok OK, "Airway obstruction following carotid endarterectomy" 32 : 818-820, 2004
141 Weiss A, "Acute respiratory failure after deep cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy as a result of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis" 49 : 715-719, 2005
142 Stoneham MD, "Acute respiratory distress after deep cervical plexus block" 12 : 197-198, 1998
143 Paraskevas G, "Aberrant innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle by the transverse cervical nerve: a case report" 9 : AD01-AD02, 2015
144 Saranteas T, "A simple method for blocking the deep cervical nerve plexus using an ultrasound-guided technique" 39 : 971-972, 2011
145 Kavrut Ozturk N, "A randomized controlled trial examining the effect of the addition of the mandibular block to cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy" 32 : 877-882, 2018
146 Tran DQ, "A randomized comparison between ultrasound-guided and landmark-based superficial cervical plexus block" 35 : 539-543, 2010
147 Pintaric TS, "A prospective, randomized comparison between combined (deep and superficial) and superficial cervical plexus block with levobupivacaine for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy" 105 : 1160-1163, 2007
148 Hertzer NR, "A prospective study of the incidence of injury to the cranial nerves during carotid endarterectomy" 151 : 781-784, 1980
149 Shibata Y, "A new approach of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block" 105 : 550-551, 2007
150 Caliot P, "A contribution to the study of the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle" 6 : 21-28, 1984
151 Caliot P, "A contribution to the study of the accessory nerve: surgical implications" 11 : 11-15, 1989
152 Shoja MM, "A comprehensive review with potential significance during skull base and neck operations, Part II: glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves and cervical spinal nerves 1-4" 27 : 131-144, 2014
153 Merle JC, "A comparison of two techniques for cervical plexus blockade: evaluation of efficacy and systemic toxicity" 89 : 1366-1370, 1999
154 Pandit JJ, "A comparison of superficial versus combined (superficial and deep) cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy: a prospective, randomized study" 91 : 781-786, 2000
155 Koizumi M, "A case of the human sternocleidomastoid muscle additionally innervated by the hypoglossal nerve" 69 : 361-367, 1993
156 Einav S, "A case of nerves" 21 : 168-170, 1996
157 Guay J, "A cadaver study to determine the minimum volume of methylene blue or black naphthol required to completely color the nerves relevant for anesthesia during breast surgery" 24 : 202-208, 2011