The purpose of this study is to provide balanced view for official documents of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee and to establish theoretical base which assesses them in order to devise systematization of utilizing Olympic historical material. In or...
The purpose of this study is to provide balanced view for official documents of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee and to establish theoretical base which assesses them in order to devise systematization of utilizing Olympic historical material. In order to conduct this study, archival appraisal and appraisal theories of archival study were investigated, and the characteristics of official documents of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee were examined. Based on these works, criteria and procedure were established with exploring the methods to assess the Seoul Olympic official documents. The details are as follows below.
The prior research task conducted in this study was to understand penetrative analysis for archival structure, relationship between this analysis and the assessment, and tendency of appraisal methods which have been developed. Then, representative theories and general criteria and procedure of archival appraisal have been explored in order to grasp the concrete method of individual theories.
Secondly, characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents have been identified to apply archival appraisal theories which have been found through the theoretical examination. To conduct this work, the fundamental of producing archives were examined by analyzing structure and management of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee and structure of official document production. After all, simultaneous and synthesis characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents were presented through overall analysis of production fundamental and relationship between their management and remained archives.
Furthermore, suitable method has been explored, and the criteria and procedure have been presented in order to assess the official documents of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee with generally considering of its characteristics. The results of this study are as follows below.
First, from the part of archival appraisal and appraisal method, it is ascertained that not only the contents of archives but also the social and historical context should be considered for archival appraisal. For the tendency of archival appraisal method, general historical view about historical development procedure of archival appraisal has been established. Also, understanding appraisal theories has been contrived by verifying the development stages of microscopic and macroscopic appraisal theories with comparative view. After all, details for the method of individual appraisal theories have been examined. Also, two points were ascertained by investigating appraisal criteria and procedure of content analysis and function analysis: function analysis cannot replace the content analysis, and they can be used with compromise if the analysis method and procedure are designed well.
Second, for the part identifying the characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents, it is investigated that identifying the characteristics of them is entity of the Organizing Committee. Then, the structure, management method, and institutions and development phase of decision making were explored. At this point, it is found that the Organizing Committee was temporary organization, which had bicameral organizational structure and matrix organizational format consisting of functional department and project department. Indicating the institutions and development phase of decision making in the committee, most of institutions were in name only. Also, there were many problems occurred in the procedure of decision making since the president of committee exercised all of the authorities. Next, archival management department, rules and regulations, and production process and management of official documents were investigated. With this investigation, it was found that existing official documents of the committee were partial and caused fragment phenomenon and severe situations because of unsystematic archival management department and regulations. Moreover, as the result of investigating production procedure and management of official documents, procedure of production, distribution, preservation and abolition of them were specifically verified. Also, it was verified that the official documents were abolished arbitrarily because of unsystematic archival management department and insufficient regulations. For the actual condition of management, filing or description activity which is essential measure for using and utilizing the official documents has not been conducted yet. Based on these facts, the characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents can be referred as follows. The official archives of the committee have multiplicity of the origin and severe fragment phenomenon damaging the origin and the elementary substance of the archives. Also, the format of existing archives was unbalance. Besides, there was not enough related research since they were in adverse situation to utilize them as the archives which are not assessed or not arranged. Thus, it was hard to grasp the utility value at present and future, and was also limited for usage object.
Third, the first point of dispute in the part of archival appraisal was the possibility of applying informative value and reappraisal theories of microscopic assessment. Above all, it is proved that estimating the historical and informative value are easy since they have the characteristic of archives which are not assessed or arranged. Also, it is possible to apply the informative value with indicating that the amount of existing ones is small. On the other hand, since the usage objects of archives were limited, reappraisal theory was hard to estimate level of utilization. Also, it cannot be the useful criteria because the existing archives were partial. However, through the investigation of application possibility of reappraisal theory, it indicates the necessity of description work and basic arrangement which allow using the archives prior to analyzing the future utility value. The second point of dispute in the part of appraisal method was possibility of applying documentation strategic theory and function appraisal theory of macroscopic appraisal. Documentation strategic theory was not appropriate to apply from the aspect that it is hard to presuppose the present tendency and the future utility value since archives are not being utilized with the reason that it is hard to estimate the existence of archives which are not assessed or arranged. Also, it was hard to understand the value criteria which producer had pursued because of the fragment phenomenon of archives and unbalance of existing ones. On the other hand, the committee had mingled organizational structure, but the division was clear as operational functions of functional department and project department. Thus, it was possible to apply the functional appraisal theory because it was easy to understand production background of archives by analyzing the organization and functions. However, bicameral system of the committee, frequent reorganization of functional departments and the situation that description and arrangement works for existing archives have not been conducted were indicated as considerable matters when applying the functional appraisal theory. Consequently, it showed that appraisal of Seoul Olympic official documents would be conducted efficiently when the informative value theory which is method evaluating informative value of historical material and the functional appraisal theory which notices production background of archives are used at the same time.
As the criteria for appraisal of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents, this study supposed that the subject had importance as Seoul Olympic Games had contemporary importance with meaning which penetrate the Korean sports history. After all, the criteria were provided to judge how well the official documents of the committee documents the subject of Seoul Olympic Game: how specific the pertinent data related to the committee's operation presents the actual operation, how the time range is, and how important the relationship between archival producer and archives is. Based on the discussion of functional appraisal theory, order for value of organization and functions were prescribed by considering of political position of decision maker, scale and size of human resource, diversity of functions, budget, and social effect as the criteria for functional analysis. At this point, the discussion saying that the record had relative appraisal by functional analysis should be complemented by conducting the absolute appraisal. Then, it allows the elaborate archival appraisal.
The significance of this study which came up with the study result above can be presented as follows. Based on the result of this study, it is assumed that the archival appraisal work for Seoul Olympic historical archives not only contributes to development of studies but also helps systematic usage and management of archives in sports field including Olympic by allowing the objective perception about them.
Lastly, in order to develop sports history field and related studies, it is necessary to utilize archival theories for managing and using archives in sports field, and to precede the general and overall studies about it.
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