Optimizing on specific cell separation using various nanostructures and their filopodial morphology on nanostructures

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The separation and analysis of targeting cells from blood as "liquid biopsy" is available to diagnosis the various disease and continuously monitor the development of disease. Various techniques are already developed for targeting cell separation, but remains technically challenging, such as capture efficiency and purity. Recently, varied research groups are studying on the nanostructure based cell separation with high capture efficiency, which is not require any facility for cell capturing. Because, the nanostructured substrates has intensively high contact area between targeting cell and probe by large surface area. However, for rare cell separation in blood, the capture efficiency and purity of nanostructured substrate must be improved by analysis the interaction between nanostructure and targeting cell. Thus, in this dissertation, we will present our works on the targeting cell separation using various nanostructures, and the optimization of targeting cell searation using highly controlled nanostructures.
The objective of this dissertation is to optimize the targeting cell separation by analyzing the cell behavior on various nanostructures. To achieve this goal, we have fabricated the various nanostructures, and immobilized the streptavidin on nanostructure surface. Additionally, we estimated the capture efficiency, and analyzed the cell behavior on nanostructure by SEM. The organization of this disseration is as follow.
In chapter 1, we briefly introduced the disease diagnosis (i.e., AIDS, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease) by targeting cell separation as liquid biopsy, and the isolation and detection method with four different technologies such as immunomagnetic, size based filtration, microfluidic channel, and nanostructure. Furthermore, we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
In chapter 2, we discussed the separation of CD4+ T lymphocytes from mouse splenocytes using SiNW and QNP. The capture efficiency of each substrate was calculated using flow cytometry, and analyzed the captured CD4+ T lymphocytes on nanostructure using SEM. Additionally, we also developed the counting isolated cells with a photolithographically patterned grid structure on the STR-functionalized-QNP (STR-QNP) arrays on one chip.
In chapter 3, we discussed the nanowire substrate-based laser scanning cytometery (LSC) for quatitation of circulating tumor cells (CTC) with cell population in the range of 5-3,000 cells. First, we discussed the quantitation of captured CTC on QNP and patterned SiNW using LSC, and automatically analyzed the quantitation of captured CTC. And then, we demonstrated the adhesion, spreading and mirgration of A549 on nanostructured substrate after 48 hours cultivation.
In chapter 4, we discussed the filopodial morphology correlates to the capture efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocytes on nanohole array (NHA) and quartz nanopillar (QNP). To optimize the capture efficiency of QNH and QNP, we developed the highly controlled nanostructure (i.e., diameter, height, and distance). And then, we conducted the optimization of capture efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocyte, and demonstrated the filopodial morphology on shape modulated NHA and QNP. Additionally, we calcultated the cell traction force (CTF) on QNP using FIB assisted technique.
In the final chapter (chapter 5), we summarized the results of this dissertation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Disease diagnosis by targeting cell separation 1
• 1.1.1 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 1
• 1.1.2 Cancer 2
• 1.1.3 Alzheimer's disease (AD) 4
• 1.2 Brief overview of cell separation techniques 7
• 1.2.1 Immunomagnetic 7
• 1.2.2 Size based filtration 9
• 1.2.3 Microfluidic channel 12
• 1.2.4 Nanostructure 14
• 1.3 Motivation and Organization of this Dissertation 17
• 1.4 References and Notes 19
• CHAPTER 2 CD4+ T lymphocytes separation using SiNW and QNP 29
• 2.1 Introduction 29
• 2.2 Experimental details 32
• 2.2.1 Growth of SiNWs by bottom-up mechanism 32
• 2.2.2 Fabrication of QNP by top-down mechanism 36
• 2.2.3 Functionalization of STR on SiNW and QNP 39
• 2.2.4 CD4+ T lymphocytes separation from mouse splenocytes 40
• 2.3 Results and Discussions 42
• 2.3.1 Separation efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocytes using SiNWs 42
• 2.3.2 Separation efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocytes using QNP 53
• 2.3.3 Cell counting using hemacytometer patterned QNP 61
• 2.4 Summary 64
• 2.5 Reference and Notes 65
• CHAPTER 3 Nanowire substrate-based Laser Scanning Cytometry for quantitation of Circulating Tumor Cells 71
• 3.1 Introduction 71
• 3.2 Experimental details 75
• 3.2.1 Fabrication of SiNW using Ag-assisted chemical etching 75
• 3.2.2 Quantitation of captured CTC on substrate by LSC 79
• 3.3 Results and Discussions 84
• 3.3.1 Quantitation of captured CTC on QNP 84
• 3.3.2 Quantitation of captured CTC on patterned SiNW 92
• 3.3.3 Adhesion and migration of A549 on nanopatterned substrates 99
• 3.4 Summary 107
• 3.5 References and Notes 110
• CHAPTER 4 Filopodial morphology correlates to the capture efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocytes on NHA and QNP 113
• 4.1 Introduction 113
• 4.2 Experimental details 116
• 4.2.1 Fabrication of shape-modulated NHA 116
• 4.2.2 Fabrication of shape-modulated QNP 119
• 4.2.3 Fixation and Dehydration of CD4+ T lymphocytes on substrate for SEM analysis 123
• 4.3 Results and Discussions 125
• 4.3.1 Filopodial morphology correlates to the capture efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocyte on NHA 125
• 4.3.2 Filopodial morphology correlates to the capture efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocyte on QNP 141
• 4.3.3 CTF estimation of CD4+ T lymphocyte on QNP 164
• 4.4 Summary 168
• 4.5 References and Notes 170
• CHAPTER 5 Summary 174
• CURRCULUM VITAE 178