무등산국립공원 서석대 구간의 탐방객 조우수와 허용가능 조우수 = Encounters and Acceptable Number of Encounters at the Seoseokdae Trail Section of Mudeungsan National Park

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study measured the present number of encounters and established the evaluation criterion for the allowable number of encounters in the Seoseokdae summit area (SSA) of Mudeungsan National Park to examine managerial conditions of the number of visitors to the Seoseokdae trail section (STS). Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of 263 visitors to STS selected through convenient sampling during June 2019. The average number of encounters in SSA was 18.7. Most of the respondents (95.4%) encountered fewer than 30 other visitors. The average maximum number of simultaneous users (AMNSU, measured at 15-minute intervals) in SSA was 13.4 persons (range: 3~31 persons). The AMNSU by the hour was the highest with 21.0 persons at 13-14, followed by 19.8 persons at 11-12, 15.5 persons at 14-15, 15.3 persons at 12-13, 12.3 persons at 10-11, and 10.8 persons at 8-9. Acceptable encounter number (AEN) developed by long-question format (LQF) was 59.2 persons, and that by short-question format (SQF) was 55.1 persons. AEN of the respondents who preferred “near-nature experience” at 27.5 persons was fewer than those who preferred “resort/tourism area like experience” at 46.6 persons. The present number of encounters and AMNUS (range: 3~31 persons) in SSA were fewer than AENs derived from LQF (59.2 persons) and SQF (55.1 persons). Eighty-three percent of the respondents preferred “near-nature experience,” while only 10.5% of the respondents preferred “resort/tourism area like experience.” 78.4% of the respondents did not perceive that SSA was crowded. The absolute majority of the respondents (92.3%) answered higher personal AEN than the perceived encounter numbers (PEN). The gaps between the personal AEN and the PEN were negatively correlated with perceived crowding.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 무등산국립공원의 서석대 탐방구간(Seoseokdae Trail Section: STS)의 탐방객수 관리 상태 진단 및 관리방안을제시하기 위해 시행되었다. 이를 위해 서석대 정상부(Seoseokdae summit area: SSA)에서의 조우수 측정 및 조우수에대한 평가기준(허용 가능 조우수) 설정이 이루어졌다. 데이터는 2019년 6월 중 편의표본추출에 의해 선정된 263명의 STS 탐방객을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 수집되었다. SSA에서의 평균 조우수는 18.7명으로 조사되었으며 대부분의 응답자(95.4%)가 SSA에서 다른 탐방객을 30명 이하로 본 것으로 나타났다. SSA에서의 15분 간격 평균 동시 최대이용객수는13.4명(범위 3-31명)으로 나타났다. 시간대별 동시 최대이용객수는 13-14시(21.0명), 11-12시(19.8명), 14-15시(15.5명), 12-13시(15.3명), 10-11시(12.3명), 8-9시(10.8명) 등 순으로 많았다. 두 가지 평가기준 설정방법, 즉 긴 질문 형식(Long-question format: LQF)과 짧은 질문 형식(Short-question format: SQF)을 적용한 결과, LQF에 의한 SSA에서의허용가능 조우수(Acceptable encounter number: AEN)는 59.2명, SQF에 의한 AEN은 55.1명으로 나타났다. SSA에서의현재 조우수인 18.7명과 동시 최대이용객수(범위: 3-31명)는 LQF 및 SQF에 의해 각각 산출된 AEN보다 적었다. 응답자의83.0%가 STS에서 ‘진정한 자연경험에 가까운 경험’을 선호하였으며, 단지 10.0%의 응답자만이 ‘유원지/관광지와 같은경험’을 선호하였다. ‘자연경험에 가까운 경험’을 선호하는 응답자의 AEN은 27.5명으로 ‘유원지/관광지와 같은 경험’을선호하는 응답자의 AEN(46.6명)보다 적었다. 응답자의 78.4%는 SSA에서 전혀 혼잡을 느끼지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 응답자대부분(92.3%)의 SSA에서의 조우수에 대한 개인 허용기준은 그들이 실제로 현장에서 느끼는 지각 조우수(Perceived encounter numbers: PEN)보다 높았으며 응답자의 조우수에 대한 개인기준과 그들의 PEN의 차이는 혼잡 지각도와 부의상관관계를 나타냈다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김상오, "방문객 유형별 이용객수에 대한 규범적 평가기준, 혼잡지각과 치유경험방해지각: ‘장성 편백치유의 숲’의 ‘치유필드’를 대상으로" 한국환경생태학회 32 (32): 231-243, 2018

2 Hammitt, W. E., "Wildland recreation: Ecology and management" John Wiley & Sons 2015

3 Korea National Park Service, "Visitors' use patterns at Seoseokdae summit area of Mudeungsan National Park"

4 Graefe, A., "Visitor impact management: The planning framework" National Parks and Conservation Association 105-, 1990

5 Stankey, G. H., "The limits of acceptable change (LAC) system for wilderness planning" USDA Forest Service 1985

6 National Park Service, "The Visitor experience and resource protection (VERP) framework: A handbook for planners and managers"

7 Manning, R. E., "Studies in outdoor recreation: Search and research for satisfaction" Oregon State University Press 468-, 2011

8 Nielsen, J., "River-running in the Grand Canyon: How much and what kind of use. Proceedings: River Recreation Management and Research Symposium" USDA Forest Service 168-177, 1977

9 Shelby, B., "Norms, standards, and natural resources" 18 : 103-123, 1996

10 "Korea National Park"

11 Cole, D. N., "Experimental trampling of vegetation. I. Relationship between trampling intensity and vegetation response" 32 : 203-214, 1995

12 Kim, S. O., "Effects of facility developments and encounter levels on perceptions of settings, crowding, and norms in a Korean park" 53 : 441-453, 2014

13 Manning, R. E., "Crowding norms: Alternative measurement approaches" 21 : 97-115, 1999

14 Shelby, B., "Crowding models for backcountry recreation" 56 : 43-55, 1980

15 Yonhap News, "Continuing degradation of natural resources at Seoseokdae peak area of Mudeungsan National Park...limiting use is necessary"

16 Shelby, B., "Carrying capacity in recreation settings" Oregon State University Press 164-, 1986

17 Vaske, J. J., "Backcountry encounter norms: Theory, method, and empirical evidence" 18 : 137-153, 1986