Bronze Age metalwork : techniques and traditions in the Nordic Bronze Age 1500-1100 BC

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of figures = v
• List of maps = x
• Preface = xi
• Acknowledgements = xi
• Introduction = 1
• Definition of terms = 2
• Part 1 Material culture
• Chapter 1 The examined material culture = 11
• 1.0 Introduction : the investigated material culture = 11
• Chapter 2 Presentation and interpretation of the examined material culture = 25
• 1.2.0 Symbol or costume-fitting : magnificent decorated ornaments within the socio-cultural discussion = 25
• 1.2.1 Neck collars within the Nordic Bronze Age = 29
• 1.2.2 Belt plates and belt discs in the Nordic Bronze Age = 36
• 1.2.3 A short presentation of tutuli within the Nordic Bronze Age = 45
• 1.2.4 Highly decorated bronze pins in northern Germany and Scandinavia during the Early and Middle Bronze Age = 49
• Chapter 3 Archaeological residues of metalcraft within the Nordic Bronze Age = 56
• 1.3.0 Introducing the archaeological evidence of metalcraft = 56
• 1.3.1 Settlements = 56
• 1.3.2 Hoards = 60
• 1.3.3 Burials = 63
• 1.3.4 The metalworker in the archaeological record = 64
• Part 2 Archaeological and scientific investigation
• Chapter 1 Bronze Age Metalwork of NBA II / III in northern Europe = 66
• 2.1.0 Introduction and method of the technical and investigative parts of the study = 66
• 2.1.1 Differences in Nordic metalwork = 67
• Chapter 2 Bronze Age craftsmanship : a research history = 71
• 2.2.0 Research concerning Bronze Age metalcraft = 71
• 2.2.1 Research concerning the crafting of `Nordic' ornaments = 72
• 2.2.2 Drescher's experiments in the light of modern research = 74
• 2.2.3 Methods for the preparation of individual decorative elements = 76
• Chapter 3 Experimental and ethnological research = 82
• 2.3.0 Experimental research and its significance for the knowledge of prehistoric metalcraft = 82
• 2.3.1 Experiments based on ethnographic parallels = 84
• 2.3.2 Embossing - an `exclusion experiment': NBA III ornaments embossed on a copper sheet = 85
• Chapter 4 The difference within metalworking techniques = 89
• 2.4.0 Traces of crafting and comparing techniques = 89
• 2.4.1 The methodology = 89
• 2.4.2 A trace-catalogue for the technical examination of the bronze ornaments = 90
• Chapter 5 Casting techniques and casting moulds = 95
• 2.5.0 Casting techniques used to craft ornaments of the Nordic Bronze Age = 95
• 2.5.1 Lost-form casting = 97
• 2.5.2 The cast-on technique (`Uberfangguss') = 113
• 2.5.3 Casting in open moulds (`Herdguss') : the Luneburg-type wheel-headed pin = 126
• 2.5.4 Casting in two-part moulds made of ceramic, metal, stone : the wheel-headed pins = 129
• 2.5.5 Concluding thoughts concerning casting techniques used in the Nordic Bronze Age = 132
• Chapter 6 Crafting traces and crafting sequences = 137
• 2.6.0 The ornament in focus - methods of craft-technical studies = 137
• 2.6.1 Encrypted in the decoration : operational sequences = 138
• 2.6.2 Legacies of the Bronze Age smith : mistakes in manufacture as indicators for the `craftsperson' = 145
• 2.6.3 Specialised techniques to create decorative units = 158
• 2.6.4 Traces of individual and unique techniques = 166
• 2.6.5 Repair as reaction to mistakes in crafting and their potential for tracing individual behaviour = 172
• 2.6.6 Tool traces and the use of identical tools = 182
• 2.6.7 Ornaments in pairs : an indicator for similarity = 191
• Chapter 7 Archaeometallurgical investigations = 196
• 2.7.0 A natural scientific method with immense potential for the investigation of prehistoric crafts = 196
• 2.7.1 Method and documentation = 197
• 2.7.2 Microstructures in metals : the basics = 201
• 2.7.3 Microstructures in metals : revealing the potential for reconstructing operational sequences = 202
• 2.7.4 Corrosion = 205
• 2.7.5 Cast and hammered : the microstructures of NBA II and HI ornaments = 208
• Chapter 8 It starts with the model - results of the craft-technical investigation = 217
• 2.8.0 Chronological and spatial distribution pattern = 217
• 2.8.1 Crafting neck collars = 218
• 2.8.2 Crafting belt plates and belt discs = 225
• 2.8.3 Crafting tutuli (belt humps) = 234
• 2.8.4 Crafting Nordic Bronze Age pins (wheel - and disc-headed pins) = 236
• Part 3 Metalcraft in a theoretical light
• Chapter 1 Theoretical approaches to craft in prehistoric times : a research history = 246
• 3.1.0 Craft theory, some introductory thoughts = 246
• 3.1.1 Theoretical approaches to the study of technology = 247
• 3.1.2 Individual agency in technology = 248
• 3.1.3 Apprenticeship in archaeology = 250
• 3.1.4 Style and technology = 253
• Chapter 2 The craftsperson's habitus = 255
• 3.2.0 The explanation of `inexplicable action' = 255
• 3.2.1 Body of knowledge and `tacit knowledge' = 256
• 3.2.2 Learned and adopted technical behaviour = 259
• 3.2.3 The influence of social environment on craft and crafting = 261
• Chapter 3 Technological choices = 266
• 3.3.0 Choices within operational sequences = 266
• 3.3.1 Free technical choices - a characteristic for art? = 268
• Chapter 4 Apprenticeship and Bronze Age craft = 270
• 3.4.0 Craft training and apprenticeship - a multidisciplinary research field = 270
• 3.4.1 Traces of apprenticeship within the material of the Nordic Bronze Age = 272
• 3.4.2 Innovative individuals - the creation of style = 278
• Chapter 5 A new approach to the study of craft in prehistoric times = 285
• 3.5.0 Operational sequences : a basic tool and even more = 285
• 3.5.1 Asking `how', `where' and `whom' - specific questions and information on several levels = 286
• 3.5.2 Asking about technological traditions and workshop areas : the second information level = 287
• 3.5.3 Asking for innovative actions and individual behaviour : the third information level = 289
• 3.5.4 Asking for the organisation of craft : the fourth information level = 292
• Part 4 Metalwork within the Nordic Bronze Age : Conclusion and Discussion
• Chapter 1 Pattern of regional behaviour = 297
• 4.1.0 Tracing regional behaviour in the metalwork of the Nordic Bronze Age = 297
• 4.1.1 Decorative-element distribution = 298
• 4.1.2 Regionally restricted technical behaviour = 303
• 4.1.3 Decorative and technical similarities - regional technological behaviour or workshop circles? = 305
• Chapter 2 Traces of individual behaviour = 309
• 4.2.0 An approach to measure skill and productivity = 309
• 4.2.1 The Bronze Age smith : traces of individuality = 315
• Chapter 3 Traces of interaction groups of craftspeople - traces of the analytical workshop = 336
• 4.3.0 A workshop's repertoire? An examination of hoard assemblages = 336
• 4.3.1 Workshops, craftspeople and their contacts = 343
• Chapter 4 The organisation of craft in the Nordic Bronze Age = 360
• 4.4.0 About imports, imitation, mobility, and the organisation of craft = 360
• 4.4.1 Metalcraft : more complex than previously thought? = 361
• 4.4.2 The question of mobility : itinerant craftspeople in a new light = 365
• Bibliography = 369
• Catalogue = 389
• Introduction to the Catalogue = 389
• Alphabetical Catalogue = 391
• Table 1 Morphological data = 480
• Table 2 Skill and production units = 487
• Table 3 Metal analysis = 496