식품 가격인상 정책의 비만중재 효과에 관한 연구의 고찰: 가당음료를 중심으로 = Effects of Price Inflation Policy on Obesity: Focused on Sugar Sweetened Beverages

국문 초록 (Abstract)

배경: WHO가 비만을 세계적 전염병으로 명명한 이래 세계 각국에서 비만의 사회경제적 비용에 주목하면서 다양한 가격정책을 도입,시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 세계 주요국의 비만도 감소를 위한 가격정책 중 소아청소년기 비만의 주원인으로 주목받고 있는 가당음료에 대한 가격정책 사례를 분석하여 향후 우리나라에서의 효과적 비만중재방안을 제안하고자 하였다.

방법: 세계 주요국의 식품 가격정책 중 특히 탄산음료세 가격인상 도입 효과를 분석한 논문을 대상으로 비만 가격정책의 효과를 메타분석 기법 중 하나인 투표수 방법(vote-counting method)을 이용하여평가하였다.

결과: 슈가택스(sugar tax), 탄산음료세 및 패스트푸드(fast food) 가격인상 도입 효과를 분석한 논문 19개의 분석결과 세금 부과에 의한 비만중재 효과는 긍정적 효과를 보인 경우가 12건으로 가장 많았고, 효과가 중립적인 경우가 7건으로 나타났다. 그리고 부정적 효과가 있다는 결 론을 가진 논문은 없었다.

결론: 비만의 재정정책은 비만관리를 위한 의미 있는 중재방안이나식생활 및 식품가격에 대한 인식은 나라마다 달라 한국사회에 관련제도 도입은 장기적으로 신중한 접근이 필요하다. 한편 본 분석에 포함된 연구에서 사용된 지표가 각기 달라 명확한 근거를 제시하는 데에 한계가 있고 투표수 방법 검정의 한계로 정책효과의 긍정 및 부정등 방향성만 제시하였을 뿐 그 효과의 크기를 알 수 없어 향후 이에 대한 보다 폭넓은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

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