우렁이 기능성 활성물질의 고효율 추출조건 구명 = Analysis of the Optimal Extraction Condition for the Functional Principles of the Apple Snail

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우렁이에서 유래한 콘드로이틴 설페이트를 새로운 기능성 식품소재로 이용하고자, 우렁이 콘드로이틴 설페이트 분석 및 고효율 추출방법을 확립하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 생체의 콘드로이틴 설페이트 함량이 18.4%로 다른 패류(재첩7.1%, 홍합13.5%,다슬기10%)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 추출 전처리 공정으로서 분쇄 및 원적외선 처리 결과, 추출 가공할 경우 원료를 분말화 했을 때 추출 효율이 증가되었으며, 원적외선 처리는 추출에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 추출 보조공정인 극초단파처리와 초음파 추출 방식은 가용성 고형분의 추출은 증가시켰으나 콘드로이틴의 추출 수율은 매우 낮았다. 최적 추출공정 선별을 위해 모든 추출 공정의 가용성 고형분, 단백질 그리고 콘드로이틴 설페이트 추출 수율을 비교한 결과, 가압처리 방식을 이용해 121℃에서 120min간 추출하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chondroitin sulfate content of a body is 18.4%, which higher than other shellfish(marsh clam 7.1%, mussel 13.5%). This is superior to other shellfish in a functional aspect of target for chondroitin sulfate. The result of pulverization and infrared rays as assisted process extraction was that extract efficiency was increased when material was powdered in case of extract processing. Because the process of infrared rays dose not influence on extract. I thought that you should powder after considering economical efficiency in time of extract processing. When microwave-assisted and ultrasonic waves were extracted as assisted process extraction, both increased extract efficiency but extraction yield of chondroitin sulfate was very low. Although microwave-assisted lowered bioactivity. Ultrasonic showed high bioactivity. Extract efficiency increased in three conditions(an enzyme extract, buffer and autoclaving used distilled water), and chondroitin sulfate was extracted. It was showed that bioactivity was high in a refined article used the very extract solvent. I compared through extraction yield, glycosaminoglycans, bioactivity of all extraction to sort optimum extraction process. Processing 121℃ per 120 min using autoclaving was good in extraction yield, glycosaminoglycans etc. So that I judged autoclaving is optimum extraction process in times of processing in functional food of beverage, concentration solution.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kotaro Hirota, 38 : 136-, 1991

2 박지희, "왕겨 추출물의 항산화능에 대한 원적외선 처리의 효과" 한국식품영양과학회지 34 (34): 131-134, 2005

3 안삼환, "미더덕 껍질로부터 Glycosaminoglycans의 추출" 한국생물공학회 18 (18): 180-185, 2003

4 권중호, "마이크로웨이브 공정을 이용한 식품 및 천연물 성분의 고속추출" 31 (31): 43-55, 1998

5 Lee, S.B., "optimization of extraction conditions for soluble gingeng compounds using microwave extraction system under pressure" 28 (28): 409-416, 1999

6 市川尙行, "ibid"

7 Bomboe-Tuburan, I., "Use of the golden apple snail, cassava, and maize as feeds for the tiger shrimp" 131 : 91-100, 1995

8 Choi, W.C., "The spermiogenesis of Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata" 18 : 23-33, 1985

9 Mac-Rae, S.M., "The effects of sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, and methylcellulose on the corneal endothelium and intraocular pressure" 95 (95): 332-341, 1983

10 Honda, A., "The effect of aging on the synthesis of hexosamine-containing substances from rat costal cartilage. A decrease in sulfation of chondroitin sulfate with aging" 85 (85): 519-528, 1979

11 Bjornsson, T.D., "The anticoagulant effect of chondroitin-4-sulfate" 27 (27): 15-21, 1982

12 Nishino, T, "The Sulfate- Content Dependence of the anticoafulant Activity of Fucan Sulfate from the Brown Seaweed Eckonia kurome" 314 : 193-, 1991

13 Toledo, O.M., "Sulfated glycosaminoglycans of human aorta: chondroitin 6-sulfate increase with age" 89 (89): 50-55, 1979

14 Nakano, T., "Study of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans from Porcine Skeletal Muscle Epimysium Including Analysis of Iduronosyl and Glucuronosyl residues in Galactosaminoglycan Fractions" 44 : 1424-1434, 1996

15 Kim, S.B., "Studies on the development of chondroitin sulfate materials from aquatic animals and techniques for its application to commercial products"

16 Mourao, P.A., "Structure and anticoagulant activity of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from echinoderm" 271 (271): 23973-23984, 1996

17 Tanaka, K, "Physicochemical properties of chondroitin sulfate. I. Ion binding and secondary structure" 83 (83): 647-653, 1978

18 市川尙行, "New Food Industry"

19 Pare, J.R.J., "Microwave-assisted process; a new tool for the analytcal laboratory" 13 : 176-184, 1994

20 Pare, J.R.J., "Microwave-assisted natural products extraction. US Patent 5,002,784, 26 march : various intermational counterparts"

21 Hata, R.I., "Low-sulfated chondroitin sulfate in human blood and urine" 543 (543): 156-166, 1978

22 Prince, C.W., "Glycosaminoglycan alterations in rat bone due to growth and fluorosis" 113 (113): 1576-1582, 1983

23 Endo, M., "Fractionation with ethanol of human urinary glycosaminoglycans" 131 (131): 23-28, 1980

24 Wasserman, L., "Composition of acidic glycosaminoglycans in human term placenta blood vessels" (5) : 45-60, 1979

25 Smith, R. L., "Comparison of cartilage destruction between infections and adjuvant arthritis" 1 (1): 136-143, 1983

26 Nakazawa, K., "Comparatve study of the effects of chondroitin sulfate isomers on atherosclerotic subjects" 34 (34): 153-159, 1979

27 Kwon, J.H, "Comparative effects of microwave-assisted process under atmospheric pressure conditions and conventional process on efficiencies of effective ginseng components" 28 (28): 586-592,

28 Mourao, P.A., "Chondroitin sulfates of the epiphysial cartilages of different mammals" 62 (62): 115-117, 1979

29 Sampaio, L.O., "Changes of sulfated mucopolysaccharides and mucopolysaccharidase during fetal development" 256 (256): 9205-9210, 1981

30 Von-der-Mark, K, "Cartilage cell differentiation: review" 139 : 185-205, 1979

31 Shin, N.C., "Application effect of oyster shell as acidic soil amendment" 17 : 774-780, 2000

32 Fontenele, J.B., "Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of a water-soluble fraction from shark cartilage" 29 (29): 643-646, 1996

33 Hahm, K.H., "Analysis of concentration of the heavy metals in sediments and melania snail, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata from in Junam resevoir" 17 : 5-17, 1995

34 Murata, K., "Age- dependent constitution of chondroitin sulfate isomers in cartilage proteoglycans under associative conditions" 85 (85): 371-376, 1979

35 Sekino, T., "A study of acidic glycosaminoglycans in human gastric tissue" 16 (16): 28-39, 1977

36 Dodgson, K.S., "A note on the Determination of the Ester Sulphate Content of Sulphated Polysaccharids" 84 : 106-, 1962

37 Kim, Y.S., "A New Glycosaminoglycan from the Giant African Snail Achaina Fulica" 271 (271): 11750-11755, 1996