어머니의 골밀도와 생활습관이 소아청소년의 골밀도에 미치는 영향 = Maternal and lifestyle effect on bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents aged 8-19

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 아이와 부모와의 유전적인 연관성을 알아보고 성장기 소아 청소년의 골밀도와 영양 섭취와의 관련성을 찾아봄으로써 골격과 신체발달을 위한 올바른 영양관리 및 영양평가에 필요한 기초 자료를 제시하기 위하여 8~19세 남녀 소아청소년을 대상으로 신체계측, 골밀도 측정 및 식생활습관조사와 생활습관조사를 실시하고 각 연령군별로 비교, 평가하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다.
1) 총 대퇴골과 대퇴골의 목의 경우 여자보다 남자가 더 높은 경향을 나타나는데 비하여 척추뼈의 경우는 여자의 골밀도가 더 높았다. 소아 청소년에서는 나이가 증가할수록 총 대퇴골과 척추뼈의 골밀도가 증가하였다. 골밀도는 남녀 모두에서 저체중군이 정상체중군이나 과체중군에 비해 낮았고, 정상체중군과 과체중군 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 골절은 남녀 모두에서 골밀도에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 보였다.
2) 총 칼로리 중 일일 영양소 권장량 (DRI)에 대한 %를 계산한 결과, 소아 청소년과 어머니 모두 성별과 나이의 권장량보다 낮게 섭취하였다. 단백질은 모두 권장량보다 과잉으로 섭취하였으며, 철의 경우 소아 청소년은 권장량과 유사하게 섭취하였고, 어머니의 경우 낮게 섭취하였다. 칼슘은 어린이와 어머니 모두에서 권장량에 비해 낮게 섭취하였다.
3) 식품 중 밥, 콜라, 크래커, 라면, 패스트푸드, 해산물, 튀긴 음식, 과일은 섭취빈도에 따라 총대퇴골, 대퇴골의 목과 척추뼈의 골밀도에 크게 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나 육류와 우유를 많이 섭취한 사람의 총 대퇴골, 대퇴골의 목과 척추뼈의 골밀도가 가장 적게 섭취한 사람에 비해 더욱 높았다. 또한 운동하는 횟수가 높을수록 총 대퇴골와 대퇴골의 목, 척추뼈의 골밀도가 높게 나타났다.
4) 회귀분석으로 골밀도에 영향을 주는 요인을 조사한 결과, 남자가 여자보다, 연령이 높을수록, 운동 횟수가 많을수록, 어머니의 골밀도가 높을수록, 골밀도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다.
결론적으로 우유의 섭취나 정기적인 운동과 같은 환경적인 요인도 골밀도에 영향을 미치지만, 어머니의 골밀도가 자녀에 골밀도에 큰 영향을 미치므로 젊은 나이에도 어머니의 골밀도를 체크하여 어린이의 골밀도가 낮을 가능성을 파악하는 것이 중요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Higher bone mineral density (BMD) at a young age, calcium intake, and exercise are important for prevention of osteoporosis later in life. We examined familial effects of BMD between mothers and children and adolescents aged 8-19 in Cheonan, Korea and the relationships between BMD and lifestyle parameters, including: food and nutrient intake and exercise. For daughters and sons, significant differences in BMD were observed at the three bone sites (total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine) according to age, gender, body mass index, exercise, and milk consumption, compared to the reference value for each classification category. Mean differences in children’s BMD were observed according to maternal BMD. Energy and calcium intake were lower in both children and mothers in comparison to the estimated daily energy requirement; however, their protein intake was much greater than the daily recommended intake. After adjusting for age and gender and for mother’s age, body mass index, and total calorie intake, results of the food frequency test showed an association of a higher intake of meat, meat products, milk and milk products with greater BMD of total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine of children. In addition, exercise was positively associated with higher BMD. Regression analysis showed a positive association of BMD with age, male gender, exercise, and mother’s BMD. In conclusion, after adjustment for environmental parameters, maternal BMD had a positive influence on BMD in daughters and sons. This finding suggests that parents need to check their BMD in order to determine whether their children are at increased risk of low BMD. (Korean J Nutr 2013; 46(2): 147 ~ 155)

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• 서론
• 연구방법
• 결과
• 고찰
• 요약 및 결론
• Literature cited

참고문헌 (Reference)

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