생태적 사유를 통한 월트 휘트먼의 신인류개념과 단군신화의 홍익인간에 관한 고찰 = A Study of Walt Whitman’s New Races and the Hongik-Inkan in the Legend of Tangun through Ecological Thinking

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to connect the Walt Whitman’s ecological thought with the idea of the Hongik-Inkan in Tangun myth through ecological thinking. This American transcendentalist poet embodies love, freedom, equality, eternal life and joy in Leaves of Grass. It is not old ideas in old literary forms but new ideas in new forms which he sought in the Leaves of Grass. His poem raises readers’ awareness of the environmental conservation. His thought is similar to Korean founding spirit, Hongik-Inkan.
In “Song of the Redwood Tree,” Whitman sings the destruction of ancient forests, which this study argues is foretelling the destruction of tropical forests in our time. Whitman often uses musical structures in the “Song of the Redwood Tree,” presenting it as a grand operatic aria with passages of recitative in which the poet repeats and expands upon the message that the great tree imparts. The redwood tree can be compared with Big Tree of M. Eliade and Sindansu in Legend of Tangun. Whitman’s another ecological poem is “Our Old Feuillage” that describes the ecological niche, a term with a variety of meanings. The ecological niche relates to the behavior of a species living under environmental conditions.
Whitman doesn’t think that nature is a silent being. As he recognizes in Leaves of Grass, nature lives immortally in earth and grass, speaking its voices and showing the ecological web. His ecological thought was derived from his ecological democracy that is not only one of his goals in his writings but also one of key ideas in Tangun legend.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론
• II. 생태적 니치
• III. 레드우드 나무와 죽음의 아리아
• IV. 생명의 거미줄과 생태적 사유
• V. 결론
• Works Cited
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 신원철, "휘트먼과 스티븐스의 명상시 —영시 읽기의 동양적 접근" 한국동서비교문학학회 (31) : 181-206, 2014

2 김영희, "월트 휘트먼의 신비주의: 자아의 내면을 통한 여정" 한국문학과종교학회 20 (20): 1-23, 2015

3 김용성, "사무엘 베케트의 『막판』에 나타난 종말론적 비전으로서의 파루시아" 한국문학과종교학회 18 (18): 19-53, 2013

4 원병관, "동양 사상과 심층생태학" 한국동서비교문학학회 (18) : 157-182, 2008

5 임재해, "단군신화를 보는 생태학적인 눈과 자연친화적 홍익인간 사상" 고조선단군학회 9 : 115-158, 2003

6 박경일, "노수부의 노래 다시 읽기: 신화적 읽기로부터 생태적-동아시아 철학적 읽기로" 한국동서비교문학학회 (11) : 61-86, 2004

7 김희선, "낭만적 자연시에 나타난 생태학적 영성과 자아인식 —소월과 워즈워스를 중심으로" 한국동서비교문학학회 (25) : 47-80, 2011

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20 "Redwood"

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32 Whitman, Walt, "Complete Poetry and Collected Prose" Lib. of America 1982

33 "Coast Redwood"

34 Evernden, Neil, "Beyond Ecology: Self, Place, and Pathetic Fallacy" 263 (263): 16-20, 1978

35 양병현, "<아바타>를 통해 본 자연종교와 청교도 정신의 융합" 한국문학과종교학회 15 (15): 41-65, 2010