미국의 지대추구적 통상 정책: 공격적 일방주의와 FTA 확산정책 = The U.S. Trade Policy of Rents-Seeking FTA Strategy

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1990년대 중반 이후 급격히 확산되고 있는 FTA는 미국의 지역주의적 통상 정책의 적극적 추진이 중요 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 기존의 연구들은 미국의 지역주의 통상 전략을 패권의 쇠퇴에 따른 정책적 대응으로 파악하여 국내정치적 동인을 제대로 규명하지 못하고 있다. 이 글은 현재 미국의 FTA 정책은 정책적 동기와 국내적 지지 기반에서 1980년대의 공격적 일방주의와 상당한 유사성을 띄고 있음을 밝힌다. 1980년대부터 새로운 정책 연합 집단으로 부상한 거대기업들의 지대추구(rent-seeking) 동기는 1980년대의 301조 통상 정책, 1990년대부터 현재까지는 FTA의 확산 정책을 지지하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 지대추구를 위한 미국의 통상 정책상의 변화는 자유무역의 주춧돌로 작용하리라는 주장과는 달리 자유무역체제의 미래에 불안 요인으로 작용할 가능성을 내포하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The U.S. recently vigorously pursues Free Trade Agreements with various countries and FTAs are said to be building blocks for a freer trade regime. However, there exists little evidence to show that regionalism led by the U.S. help bring about welfare gains. The U.S. FTA policy is a rents-seeking trade policy strongly supported by export industry groups. The policy is to enhance foreign market accessibility via bilateral negotiation settings. This FTA strategy shares the same policy goal that aggressive unilateralism embodied in the section 301 trade policy in the 1980s. This article provides preliminary evidence to show that the initial purpose of the U.S. FTA policy is rents-seeking motivation of special interest groups.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 World Bank, "World Development Index." World Bank 2005

2 Whalley, J, "Why Do Countries Seek Regional Trading Agreements?:The Regionalization of World Economy" University of Chicago Press. 1998

3 Patrick, "University of Michigan Press" 1990

4 "US Bureau of Census The Statistical Abstract of the United States"

5 Dee, P, "The trade and investment effects of preferential trading arrangements" 5-7, 2003

6 Grossman, "The politics of Free-Trade Agreements" 85 (85): 667-690, 1995

7 Ethier, W, "The new regionalism in the Americas: A Theoretical framework" 12 (12): 159-172, 2001

8 USITC, "The impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement on the U.S Economy and Industries." 1997

9 Kindleberger, "The World in Depression University of California Press" 19731992-1939

10 Balassa, "The Theory of Economic Integration" George Allen and Unwin Ltd 1961

11 Mansfiled, E., "The Proliferation of Preferential Trading Arrangements" 42 (42): 523-543, 1998

12 Milner, "The Political Economy of U A Study of the Super 301 Provision University of Michigan Press" 1990

13 Ostry, "The Political Economy of Policy-Making:Trade and Innovation Policies in the Triad" Council on Foreign Relations 1989

14 Gilpin, "The Political Economy of International Relations" Princeton Princeton University Press 1975

15 Mansfield, E, "The New Wave of Regionalism" 53 (53): 589-627, 1999

16 Pomfret, R, "The Economics of Regional Trading Arrangements" Oxford University Press 1997

17 Viner, "The Customs Union Issue" University Chicago Press 1950

18 USTR, "The 2002 Trade Policy Agenda and 2001 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program" 2003

19 Krasner, "State Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade" 317-47, 1976

20 Krueger, "Rules of Origin" 1993

21 Lawrence, Robert, "Regionalism, Multilateralism, and Deeper Integration" Brookings Institution. 1996

22 Bhagwati, Jagdish, "Regionalism and multilateralism: an overview: Trading Blocs: An Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements" MIT Press 3-32, 1999

23 Frankel, J, "Regional Trading Blocs in the World Economic System" Institute for International Economics 1997

24 Yoffie, "Power and Protectionism" University of Berkeley Press 1983

25 Krugman, "New Dimensions in Regional Integration" Cambridge University Press analytical (analytical): 1993

26 Europe, "Governments and Corporations in a Shrinking World Trade and Innovation Policies in the United States Council on Foreign Relations" 1990

27 Chase, Kerry, "Economic Interests and Regional Trading Arrangements: the Case of NAFTA" 57 (57): 137-174, 2003

28 Blanton, R., "Diminished the Regionalization Giant or Vanguard for Liberalization? The U. S. and the Regionalization of Trade" 49 (49): 783-805, 1996

29 Yarbrough, "Cooperation and Governance in International Trade" Princeton University Press 1992

30 and Krishna, "An Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements" MIT Press

31 Destler, I, "American Trade Politics, 3rd ed."

32 "A Liberal Trading Order? The Long-run Pattern of Imports to the Advanced Capitalist States" 151-72, 1991