Oxygen Potential Gradient Induced Degradation of Oxides

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In many applications of functional oxides originally homogeneous materials are exposed to gradients in the chemical potential of oxygen. Prominent examples are solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) or oxygen permeation membranes (OPMs). Other thermodynamic potential gradients are gradients of electrical potential, temperature or uni-axial pressure. The applied gradients act as generalized thermodynamic forces and induce directed fluxes of the mobile components. These fluxes may lead to three basic degradation phenomena of the materials, which are kinetic demixing, kinetic decomposition, and morphological instabilities.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 M. Martin, "Transport and Degradation in Transition Metal Oxides in Chemical Potential Gradients" 7 : 1-86, 1991

2 R. Schmackpfeffer, "Tracer Diffusion and Defect Structure in Ga-doped CoO" 68 : 747-765, 1993

3 O. Teller, "Steady State Demixing of Oxid Solid Solutions in an Electrical Potential Gradient" 68 : 294-297, 2000

4 A. R. Allnatt, "Statistical Theories of Atomic Transport in Crystalline Solids" 50 : 373-472, 1987

5 A. Hammou, "Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, In The CRC Handbook of Solid State Electrochemistry" CRC Press 407-443, 1996

6 S. Diethelm, "Planar and Tubular Perovs-kite-type Membrane Reactors for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas" 8 : 611-617, 2004

7 E. Ryshkewitch, "Oxide Ceramics" Academic 1985

8 H. J. Grabke, "Oxidation of Intermetallics" Wiley-VCH 1997

9 S.R. de Groot, "Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics" North-Holland 1962

10 H. Schmalzried, "Multicomponent Oxides in Oxygen Potential Gradients" 15 : 339-353, 1981

11 P. Tigelmann, "Monte Carlo Simulation of Surface Structures During Oxide Reduction" 191 : 240-247, 1992

12 J. Sunarso, "Mixed Ionic.electronic Conducting (MIEC) Ceramic-based Membranes for Oxygen Separation" 320 : 13-41, 2008

13 M. Martin, "Materials in Thermodynamic Potential Gradients" 35 : 1291-1308, 2003

14 B. C. H. Steele, "Materials for Fuel-cell Technologies" 414 : 345-352, 2001

15 N. H. Menzler, "Materials and Manufacturing Technologies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells" 45 : 3109-3135, 2010

16 F.A. Nicols, "Kinetics of Diffusional Motion of Pores in Solids" 30 : 143-165, 1969

17 O. Teller, "Kinetic demixing of (CoNi)O in an Electrical Field" 101 : 475-478, 1997

18 A.B. Lidiard, "Impurity Diffusion in Crystals (Mainly Ionic Crystals with the Sodium Chloride Structure)" 46 : 1218-1237, 1955

19 U. Koops, "High-Temperature Oxidation of CoGa: Influence of the Crystallographic Orientation on the Oxidation Rate" 17 : 2489-2498, 2002

20 이종호, "Experimental evidence of the interference between ionic and electronic flows in an oxide with prevailing electronic conduction." Elsevier 67 (67): 317-322, 199401

21 J. Janek, "Electrotransport in Ionic Crystals: I. Application of Liquid Electrolyte Theory" 98 : 655-664, 1994

22 M. Martin, "Electrotransport and Demixing in Oxides" 136 : 331-337, 2000

23 M. Martin, "Demixing of Doped Oxides: Influence of Defect Interactions" 72 : 67-71, 1994

24 U. Brinkmann, "Decomposition of Fayalite (Fe2SiO4) in an Oxygen Potential Gradient at 1418 K" 12 : 283-290, 1985

25 H. Schmalzried, "Crystallic Oxide Solid Solutions in Oxygen Potential Gradients" 34a : 192-199, 1979

26 M. Martin, "Cobaltous Oxide in an Oxygen Potential Gradient: Morphological Stability of the Phase Boundaries" 89 : 124-130, 1985

27 M. Kilo, "Cation self-diffusion of 44Ca, 88Y and 96Zr in Single-crystalline Calcia- and Yttria-doped Zirconia" 94 : 7547-7552, 2003

28 O. Schulz, "Cation Tracer Diffusion of 138La, 84Sr and 25Mg in Polycrystalline La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.9Mg0.1O3" 5 : 2308-2313, 2003

29 M. Martin, "Cation Demixing in an Oxygen Ion Conductor exposed to an Oxygen Potential Gradient, In SOFC-VI, PV 1999-19" 308-316, 1999

30 H. Kishi, "Base-Metal Electrode-Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors: Past, Present and Future Perspectives" 42 : 1-15, 2003

31 B. Wang, "A Further Investigation of the Kinetic Demixing/decomposition of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ Oxygen Separation Membranes" 369 : 526-535, 2011