Principles of value creation in event tourism: Enhancing the competitiveness of regional clusters Chung-Shing Lee a , Drew Martin b , Pi-Feng Hsieh

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Using a strategic management perspective, this paper conceptualizes how event tourism creates and appropriates value for locations and regions supporting tourism. A conceptual framework of the six principles of tourism value creation integrates theoretical developments in value creation and retention, service innovation, and networks and regional clusters. This model applies to three levels of players: individual entities, tourism-supporting organizations, and the geographic or regional clusters that promote tourism.
This framework demonstrates how event tourism creates value for individual tourists, tourism-related organizations, and regional economies, while also enhancing competitiveness for regions and individual nations. The model offers a new perspective for future research directions and practitioner guidance to create and sustain competitive advantage.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Pine, I. I. B. J., "Welcome to the experience economy" 76 (76): 97-105, 1998

2 David P. Lepak, "Value Creation and Value Capture: A Multilevel Perspective" Academy of Management 32 (32): 180-194, 2007

3 Cliff Bowman, "Value Creation Versus Value Capture: Towards a Coherent Definition of Value in Strategy" Wiley 11 (11): 1-15, 2000

4 Barbara Carmichael, "Understanding the Wine Tourism Experience for Winery Visitors in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada" Informa UK Limited 7 (7): 185-204, 2005

5 Getz, D., "Trends in outdoor recreation, leisure and tourism" CABI 175-185, 2000

6 Maskell, P., "Towards a knowledge-based theory of the geographical cluster" 10 (10): 921-943, 2001

7 Daniela Carl, "Tourists' Experiences of Film Locations: New Zealand as ‘ Middle-Earth ’" Informa UK Limited 9 (9): 49-63, 2007

8 Hyuk-Jin Lee, "Tourism Behaviour in Seoul: An Analysis of Tourism Activity Sequence using Multidimensional Sequence Alignments" Informa UK Limited 12 (12): 487-504, 2010

9 Government of Australia, "Tourism 2020: Whole of government working with industry to achieve Australia’s tourism potential"

10 Boggs, J. S., "The “relational turn” in economic geography" 3 (3): 109-116, 2003

11 Janiskee, R., "The temporal distribution of America’s community festivals" 3 (3): 129-137, 1995

12 Von Hippel, E., "The sources of innovation" Oxford University Press 1988

13 Julie E Otto, "The service experience in tourism" Elsevier BV 17 (17): 165-174, 1996

14 Susan Meyer Goldstein, "The service concept: the missing link in service design research?" Wiley 20 (20): 121-134, 2002

15 Quinn, B., "The sage handbook of tourism studies" Sage 483-503, 2008

16 Blind, K., "The handbook of innovation and services" Edward Elgar 342-363, 2010

17 Porter, M. E., "The competitive advantage of nations" Free Press 1990

18 Judith Mair, "The UK association conference attendance decision-making process" Elsevier BV 30 (30): 400-409, 2009

19 Yan Zhang, "The Spatial Relationship of Tourist Distribution in Chinese Cities" Informa UK Limited 13 (13): 75-90, 2011

20 Petri Hottola, "The Sociotype of the United States and Americans: Mr Brad America and Mrs Pamela America from California" Informa UK Limited 14 (14): 555-569, 2012

21 Damien Chaney, "The Role of Shared Values in Understanding Loyalty over Time" SAGE Publications 56 (56): 507-520, 2016

22 Gordon Waitt, "The Olympic spirit and civic boosterism: The Sydney 2000 Olympics" Informa UK Limited 3 (3): 249-278, 2001

23 Teppo Felin, "The Knowledge-Based View, Nested Heterogeneity, and New Value Creation: Philosophical Considerations on the Locus of Knowledge" Academy of Management 32 (32): 195-218, 2007

24 Flemming Sørensen, "The Geographies of Social Networks and Innovation in Tourism" Informa UK Limited 9 (9): 22-48, 2007

25 Mike Beverland, "The Evolution of Events in the Australasian Wine Sector" Informa UK Limited 26 (26): 35-44, 2015

26 CRAIG PUGH, "THE STRATEGIC USE OF EVENTS WITHIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A STUDY OF LONDON BOROUGH COUNCILS" Cognizant, LLC 9 (9): 61-71, 2004

27 Pi-Feng Hsieh, "Strategy and process of value creation and appropriation in service clusters" Elsevier BV 32 (32): 430-439, 2012

28 Kuei‐Hsien Niu, "Strategic development of network clusters" Emerald 18 (18): 176-191, 2008

29 Mike Weed, "Sports Tourism Theory and Method—Concepts, Issues and Epistemologies" Informa UK Limited 5 (5): 229-242, 2005

30 Mike Weed, "Sports Tourism Research 2000–2004: A Systematic Review of Knowledge and a Meta-Evaluation of Methods" Informa UK Limited 11 (11): 5-30, 2006

31 Chalip, L., "Sport tourism: Concepts and theories" Routledge 86-105, 2006

32 Bo Edvardsson, "Service portraits in service research: a critical review" Emerald 16 (16): 107-121, 2005

33 Atsuko Hashimoto, "Selling Canadian Culinary Tourism: Branding the Global and the Regional Product" Informa UK Limited 8 (8): 31-55, 2006

34 Anne-Mette Hjalager, "Regional Innovation Systems: The Case of Angling Tourism" Informa UK Limited 12 (12): 192-216, 2010

35 Cherylynn Becker, "Rapid Rail Transit and Tourism Development in the United States" Informa UK Limited 13 (13): 381-397, 2011

36 Ron Boschma, "Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment" Informa UK Limited 39 (39): 61-74, 2005

37 Jim Macbeth, "Paradigm Shift or a Drop in the Ocean? The America's Cup Impact on Fremantle" Informa UK Limited 14 (14): 162-182, 2012

38 Porter, M. E., "On competition" Free Press 155-196, 1998

39 Jeffrey Bury, "New Geographies of Tourism in Peru: Nature-based Tourism and Conservation in the Cordillera Huayhuash" Informa UK Limited 10 (10): 312-333, 2008

40 Robyn Stokes, "Network‐based strategy making for events tourism" Emerald 40 (40): 682-695, 2006

41 Marina Novelli, "Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience" Elsevier BV 27 (27): 1141-1152, 2006

42 James D. Bigley, "Motivations for War-related Tourism: A Case of DMZ Visitors in Korea" Informa UK Limited 12 (12): 371-394, 2010

43 Maurice Roche, "Mega-Events and Modernity Revisited: Globalization and the Case of the Olympics" SAGE Publications 54 (54): 27-40, 2017

44 Kaoruko Miyakuni, "Linking Linkage Concepts from Diverse Fields to Build a Community-Based Tourism Planning Framework: The Case of Shuri, Japan" Informa UK Limited 8 (8): 286-309, 2007

45 PIM DEN HERTOG, "KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE BUSINESS SERVICES AS CO-PRODUCERS OF INNOVATION" World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt 04 (04): 491-528, 2011

46 M Drew, "In‐depth tourism's influences on service innovation" Emerald 3 (3): 326-336, 2009

47 Arch G. Woodside, "Interpreting Bounded Rationality in Business and Industrial Marketing Contexts: Executive Training Case Studies" 한국마케팅과학회 19 (19): 49-61, 2009

48 José A. Camacho, "How innovative are services? an empirical analysis for Spain" Informa UK Limited 25 (25): 253-271, 2005

49 Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, "How Wild is Iceland? Wilderness Quality with Respect to Nature-based Tourism" Informa UK Limited 13 (13): 280-298, 2011

50 Anna Elizabeth De Jager, "How Dull is Dullstroom? Exploring the Tourism Destination Image of Dullstroom" Informa UK Limited 12 (12): 349-370, 2010

51 Thurow, L. C., "Head to head: The economic battle among Japan, Europe, and America" Warner Books 1992

52 Hall, C. M., "Hallmark tourist events: impacts, management, and planning" Belhaven Press 1992

53 Carlsen, J., "Global wine tourism: Research, management and marketing" CABI 209-224, 2006

54 A. B. Jaffe, "Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations" Oxford University Press (OUP) 108 (108): 577-598, 1993

55 João Sarmento, "Fort Jesus: Guiding the Past and Contesting the Present in Kenya" Informa UK Limited 12 (12): 246-263, 2010

56 Bob McKercher, "First and Repeat Visitor Behaviour: GPS Tracking and GIS Analysis in Hong Kong" Informa UK Limited 14 (14): 147-161, 2012

57 Jay Barney, "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage" SAGE Publications 17 (17): 99-120, 1991

58 Donald Getz, "Festival management studies" Emerald 1 (1): 29-59, 2010

59 Denver Severt, "Examining the motivation, perceived performance, and behavioral intentions of convention attendees: Evidence from a regional conference" Elsevier BV 28 (28): 399-408, 2007

60 Stephen L. Vargo, "Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing" SAGE Publications 68 (68): 1-17, 2018

61 Devine, A., "Events management - an international approach" Sage 317-333, 2017

62 Donald Getz, "Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research" Elsevier BV 29 (29): 403-428, 2008

63 Getz, D., "Event studies - theory, research and policy for planned events" Routledge 2012

64 Getz, D., "Event management and event tourism" Cognizant Communication 2005

65 Michelle Whitford, "Event Public Policy Development in the Northern Sub-Regional Organisation of Councils, Queensland Australia" Informa UK Limited 6 (6): 81-99, 2004

66 Joanne Connell, "Evaluating the Economic and Spatial Effects of an Event: The Case of the World Medical and Health Games" Informa UK Limited 7 (7): 63-85, 2005

67 OECD, "Estonia: Towards a Single Government Approach" 115-117, 2011

68 Teece, D. J., "Dynamic capabilities and strategic management" 18 (18): 509-533, 1997

69 Wade L. Hadwen, "Do Climatic or Institutional Factors Drive Seasonal Patterns of Tourism Visitation to Protected Areas across Diverse Climate Zones in Eastern Australia?" Informa UK Limited 13 (13): 187-208, 2011

70 Tom Bornhorst, "Determinants of tourism success for DMOs & destinations: An empirical examination of stakeholders' perspectives" Elsevier BV 31 (31): 572-589, 2010

71 Gartrell, R., "Destination marketing for convention and visitor bureaus" Kendall/Hunt Publishing 230-232, 1994

72 Richards, G., "Cultural tourism: Global and local perspectives" Haworth 2007

73 Cristina Bernini, "Convention industry and destination clusters: Evidence from Italy" Elsevier BV 30 (30): 878-889, 2009

74 Rumelt, R., "Competitive strategic management" Prentice-Hall 556-570, 1984

75 Porter, M. E., "Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance" Free Press 1985

76 Choong-Ki Lee, "Community Attachment in Two Rural Gaming Communities: Comparisons between Colorado Gaming Communities, USA and Gangwon Gaming Communities, South Korea" Informa UK Limited 12 (12): 140-168, 2010

77 C.K. Prahalad, "Co-creation experiences: The next practice in value creation" Elsevier BV 18 (18): 5-14, 2004

78 Julie Jackson, "Clusters in regional tourism An Australian case" Elsevier BV 33 (33): 1018-1035, 2006

79 Woodside, A. G., "Case study research: Theory, methods, practice" Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2010

80 Yin, R. K., "Case study research: Design and methods" Sage Publication 2013

81 Thomas D. Hinch, "Canadian Sport and Culture in the Tourism Marketplace" Informa UK Limited 8 (8): 15-30, 2006

82 Government of Canada, "Canada’s federal tourism strategy"

83 Chung Shing Lee, "An integrated framework for managing knowledge-intensive service innovation" Inderscience Publishers 13 (13): 20-, 2010

84 J. Myles Shaver, "Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States" Wiley 21 (21): 1175-1193, 2000

85 Birger Wernerfelt, "A resource-based view of the firm" Wiley 5 (5): 171-180, 1984

86 Chung‐Shing Lee, "A note on value creation in consumption‐oriented regional service clusters" Emerald 22 (22): 170-180, 2012

87 Richard L. Priem, "A Consumer Perspective on Value Creation" Academy of Management 32 (32): 219-235, 2007