Commonwealth Manoeuvres Behind Japan’s 1954 Inclusion in the Colombo Plan: The Case of Australia and Canada

국문 초록 (Abstract)

영연방이 주도하는 콜롬보 계획에 일본이 가입할 가능성이 1952년 초에 처음 제기되었다. 이러한 일본의 가입 시도는 일본의 국제수지 상태가 양호하지 않아 콜롬보 계획의 재정 지원금이 일본으로 흘러들어갈 것을 우려한 오스트레일리아의 반대로 실패하였다. 그러나 일본을 가입시켜야 한다는 미국의 압박이 커지면서, 1954년 여름에 캐나다 정부는 일본을 콜롬보 계획의 기술지원위원회에만 정식회원으로 가입시키고 콜롬보 계획의 최고의사결정기구인 조정위원회에는 옵저버 자격만 부여하자는 타협안을 제시하였다. 콜롬보 플랜의 주요 원조공여국들은 이 타협안을 수용하였으나, 일본이 갑작스럽게 조정위원회와는 어떠한 관계도 갖지 않겠다는 의지를 피력함으로써 타협안은 사실상 무용지물이 되었다. 원조공여국으로 활동할 가능성이 큰 국가가 조정위원회에 전혀 참여하지 않는 상황이 부담스러울 수밖에 없었던 주요 회원국들은 결국 일본이 콜롬보 계획의 조정위원회에 정식 회원국으로 참여하는 방침으로 뜻을 바꾸어 일본의 콜롬보 계획 가입을 1954년 10월에 승인하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In early 1952, the possibility of Japan joining the Commonwealth-initiated Colombo Plan was first raised. This attempt was blocked by Australian concerns that, due to Japan’s precarious balance-of-payments situation, Colombo Plan capital aid would flow into Japan rather than Japanese capital flowing into the Southeast Asian recipient members. However, with increasing pressure from the United States to allow Japan to join, the Canadian government came up with a compromise in the summer of 1954 whereby Japan would join the Plan as a member of the Council for Technical Co-operation but would only be given ‘observer status’ at the Consultative Committee and therefore have limited access to Plan capital. Although the major donor members were in agreement with this compromise, Japan’s sudden request to remove herself entirely from the Consultative Committee in effect jeopardised this agreement amongst the donors, and was of sufficient impact for them to discard the compromise altogether and to grant Japan full membership at the Ottawa Consultative Committee in October 1954.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. Introduction II. Immediate Postwar Australia-Japan Relations III. Explaining the Shift in Australia’s Japan Policy IV. Canada’s Role in Japanese Admission V. Conclusion Works Cited

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