M.9 대목의 노출 길이가 ‘후지’와 ‘홍로’의 생장과 생산성에 미치는 영향 = Effect of the Exposed Length of M.9 Rootstock on Growth and Productivity of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Hongro’ Apples

국문 초록 (Abstract)

사과나무(Malus domestica Borkh.)에 있어서 왜성대목의 선택과 선택된 대목의 노출길이는 가장 적극적인 수세조절방법의 하나이다. 본 연구는 M.9 대목을 이용한 밀식재배에서 대목의 노출 길이를 0, 10, 20, 40㎝로 달리했을 때 중ㆍ장과지 품종인 ‘후지’와 단과지 품종인 ‘홍로’의 수체생장과 생산성에 미치는 영향을 검토함으로써 이들 품종의 수세조절에 적절한 대목의 길이를 구명하고자 하였다. 재식 6년차까지 두 품종 모두 대목의 노출 길이가 길수록 TCSA 증가는 낮았다. 재식 6년차의 TCSA는 0㎝ 처리구를 100으로 했을 때 10, 20, 40㎝처리의 ‘후지’는 각각 ‘홍로’ 는 각각 82, 57, 34 수준으로 현저하게 낮아졌다. 모든 처리구에서 대목간주가 접수간주보다 큰 대승현상을 나타내었으며, 대목의 노출이 길 경우에는 대목의 아래 부위가 가늘어지는 현상이 나타났다. ‘후지’와 ‘홍로’ 모두 대목 노출 길이가 길수록 6년차에 조사한 신초수는 적었고 길이는 짧아져 주당 엽수와 엽면적도 적었다. 6년생 ‘후지’와 ‘홍로’의 부위별 건물분포는 지상부와 지하부 모두 대목의 노출길이가 길어질수록 유의하게 낮았다. T/R율은 ‘후지’가 2.8∼3.8, ‘홍로’는 2.3∼2.5수준이었다. 6년차까지 ‘후지’의 주당누적수량은 0, 10, 20㎝가 비슷한 반면 40㎝는 낮았고, 누적수량효율은 대목 노출이 길수록 높았다. ‘홍로’도 ‘후지’와 비슷한 경향이나 주당 누적수량은 10㎝구에서 높았다. 과실특성은 두 품종 모두 대목 노출 길이에 따른 차이는 없었다. 나무의 영양생장과 생산성을 고려할 때 재식 거리를 4×1.5m로 할 경우M.9 대목의 노출 길이는 ‘후지’는 20㎝, ‘홍로’는 10~20㎝가 적당할 것으로 판단되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To determine the optimum length of M.9 for ‘Fuji’ and ‘Hongro’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), the trees were planted in such a way that the exposed length of the rootstock to be 0, 10, 20, and 40 ㎝. Tree growth and fruit production were then evaluated for six years. The longer the exposure, the less the increase in TCSA of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Hongro’ by the sixth year after planting, at which time the 10-, 20- and 40-㎝ trees showed a 92, 72 and 49% in ‘Fuji’ and an 82, 57, and 34% of the TCSA with 0-㎝ trees in ‘Hongro,’ respectively. The swelling of the rootstock was obvious, but was less at the lower portion as the exposed length of M.9 increased. Shoot growth and leaf areas of 6-year-old trees were less with a longer M.9. Dry weight of both scion cultivars and the roots of 6-year-old trees declined more with a longer exposure of M.9. The top-to-root ratios were in 2.8 to 3.8 ranges in ‘Fuji’ and in 2.3 to 2.5 ranges in ‘Hongro’ depending on the length of M.9. The cumulative yield by the sixth year of ‘Fuji’ apples was not significantly different among 0-, 10- and 20-㎝ trees but was low in 40-㎝ trees. However, cumulative yield efficiency was higher in the trees with a longer exposure of M.9. Similar results were obtained with ‘Hongro,’ but the highest cumulative yield was from the 10-㎝ trees. The length of M.9 affected fruit quality little in both cultivars. Considering tree growth and productivity for the first six years after planting, it was concluded that the optimum length of M.9 exposure was 20 ㎝ for ‘Fuji’ and 10 to 20 ㎝ for ‘Hongro’ at the planting distance of 4 × 1.5 m.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• 서언
• 재료 및 방법
• 결과 및 고찰
• 초록
• 인용문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

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