Control of Powdery and Downy Mildews of Cucumber by Using Cooking Oils and Yolk Mixture

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Powdery and downy mildews caused by Sphaerotheca
fusca and Pseudoperonospora cubensis are the most
common and serious diseases of cucumber worldwide.
In spite of the introduction of highly effective systemic
fungicides, control of these diseases remains elusive.
Hence, this study aimed to develop an alternative
method to chemicals in controlling the diseases by using
different types of cooking oil. Egg yolk, which contains a
natural emulsifier, lecithin, was selected as a surfactant
to emulsify the oils. Among the different cooking oils
used, soybean, canola (rape seed), safflower, sunflower,
olive, and corn oils showed over 95% control values
against powdery mildew of cucumber in a greenhouse
test. In particular, 0.3% canola oil emulsified with
0.08% yolk (1 yolk and 60 ml canola in 20 l spray) was
found to be the most effective. The treatment resulted in
98.9% and 96.3% control efficacies on powdery and
downy mildews, respectively, of cucumber in the field.
Canola oil exhibited direct and systemic effect, wherein
powdery mildew of cucumber was suppressed only on
treated leaves but not on non-treated leaves in a plant,
while mycelia and conidia of the pathogen were severely
distorted or destroyed by the treatment. The prospect of
using the canola oil and yolk mixture as a natural fungicide
is highly promising because of its effectiveness,
availability, low cost, simple preparation, and safety to
humans and the environment. The use of the canola oil
and yolk mixture is expected to be an effective fungicide
for use in organic farming and home gardening.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이지현, "채소 종자별 온탕침지 종자소독 효과검정" 한국식물병리학회 13 (13): 157-163, 2007

2 Martin, H, "Vegetable oils as fungicides" 126 : 58-, 1930

3 Ohtsuka, N, "The influence of machine oil on conidia and hyphae of cucumber powdery mildew fungus, Shaerotheca fuliginea" 57 : 598-602, 1991

4 Northover, J, "Physical modes of action of petroleum and plant oils on powdery mildews of prapevines" 80 : 544-550, 1996

5 Foguelman,D, "Pests and diseases in organic management: A latin american perspective"

6 Levene, P. A, "Lecithin. III. Fatty acids of lecithin of the egg yolk" 46 : 193-208, 1921

7 Grossman,J, "Horticultural oils: New summer uses on ornamental plant pests" 12 : 1-10, 1990

8 Fernandez,D.E., "Horticultural mineral oil applications for apple powdery mildew and codling morth, Cydia pomonella (L)" 25 : 585-591, 2006

9 Codex, "Guidelines for the production, processing, labeling and marketing of organically produced foods"

10 Trdan,S., "Efficacy of three natural chemicals to reduce the damage of Erysiphe cichoracearum on chicory in two metrorologically different growing seasons" 152 : 567-574, 2004

11 Ko,W.H., "Effects of sunflower oil on tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici" 151 : 144-148, 2003

12 Pasini,C., "Effectiveness of antifungal compounds against rose powdery mildw (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) in glasshouses" 16 : 251-256, 1997

13 Homma,Y., "Effect of soybean lecithin on cucumber powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, at various growth stages" 2 : 33-40, 1977

14 Jee,H.J, "Current status and prospect of environmentfriendly agriculture in Korea" Yeungnam Univ. 87-88, 2007

15 Isman,M.B, "Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world" 51 : 45-66, 2006

16 Northover,J., "Activity of plant oils on diseases caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, Venturia inaequalis, and Albugo occidentalis" 77 : 152-157, 1993

17 Calpouzos,L, "Action of oil in the control of plant disease" 4 : 369-390, 1966

18 Anonymous, "A guide book for the substances permitted to use in organic farming"