Phosphorus Removal in Pilot Plant Using Biofilm Filter Process from Farm Wastewater

Shin, Sung-Euy,Choi, Du-Bok,Lee, Choon-Boem,Cha, Wol-Suk The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2006 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.11 No.4

Various environmental conditions affecting total phosphorus removal from farm wastewater in a biofilm filter process were investigated using loess balls and Chromobacterium LEE-38 at a pilot plant. When Chromobacterium LEE-38 was used, the removal efficiency of total phosphorous was approximately 10- or 5-fold higher than that of Acinetobacter CHA-2-14 or Acinetobacter CHA-4-5, respectively. When a loess ball of $11{\sim}14mm$ manufactured at a $960^{\circ}C$ calcining temperature was used, the removal efficiency of total phosphorous was 90.0%. When 70% of the volume fraction was used, the maximum efficiency of total phosphorus removal was 93.1%. Notably, when the initial pH was in the range of 6.0 to 8.0, the maximum removal efficiency of total phosphorus was obtained after 30 days. When the operating temperature was in the range of 30 to $55^{\circ}C$, the maximum removal efficiencies of total phosphorus, 95.6 to 94.6%, were obtained. On the other hand, at operating temperatures below $20^{\circ}C$ or above $40^{\circ}C$, the removal efficiency of total phosphorous decreased. Among the various processes, biofilm filter process A gave the highest removal efficiency of 96.4%. Pilot tests of total phosphorus removal using farm wastewater from the biofilm filter process A were carried out for 60 days under optimal conditions. When Acinetobacter sp. Lee-11 was used, the average removal efficiency in the p-adsorption area was only 32.5%, and the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were 56.7 and 62.5%, respectively. On the other hand, when Chromobacterium LEE-38 was used, the average removal efficiency was 95.1%, and the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD were 91.3 and 93.2%, respectively.

Anticoagulant Activity of Sulfoakyl Derivatives of Curdlan

Lee, Kyung-Bok,Bae, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Jong-Seung,Yoo, Yung-Choon,Kim, Beom-Soo,Kwak, Sang-Tae,Kim, Yeong-Shik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2001 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.24 No.2

Curdlan is a natural $\beta$-1,3-glucan produced by Agrobacterium biovar 1. In this study, the anticoagulant activity of sulfoalkyl derivatives of curdlan was investigated by carrying out activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay and compared with that of o-sulfonated curdlan. Approximately 100-fold higher concentration of o-sulfonated curdlan than heparin was required to obtain the same level of the clotting time. Anticoagulant activity of curdlan derivatives was dependent on the degree of sulfation in prolonging the clotting time. However, the chain length of the substituent did not play a role in prolonging the clotting time. The curdlan derivatives enhanced thrombin inhibition by mediating through antithrombin III. The inhibition of thrombin by o-sulfonated curdlan was found to be approximately 10-fold weaker than that by heparin.

Evaluation of Transferrin-Polyethylenimine Conjugate for Targeted Gene Delivery

Lee Kyung Man,Kim In Sook,Lee Yong Bok,Shin Sang Chul,Lee Kang Choon,Oh In Joon The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.6

With the aim to improve the specificity and to reduce the cytotoxicity of polyethylenimine (PEI), we have synthesized the conjugates of the branched PEI (25 kDa) with transferrin. The trans-ferrin-PEI (TP) conjugates with five compositions were synthesized using periodate oxidation method and confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The free amine contents of TP conjugates, which were able to condense and deliver DNA, increased as the amount of PEI increased. TP/DNA polyplexes were characterized by measuring gel elec-trophoresis, ethidium bromide fluorescence quenching, particle size and zeta potential of complexes. Complete complexation of the polyplexes was observed above the N/P ratio of 5 in TP/DNA, and above 3 in PEI/DNA, respectively. The zeta potential of the complexes decreased as the amount of transferrin in TP conjugates increased. Transfection efficiency of TP conjugates was evaluated in HeLa cell and Jurkat cell systems. Among the five compositions of TP conjugates, TP-2 system mediated a higher $\beta$-galactosidase gene expression than PEI system in Jurkat cell which was known to express elevated numbers of transferrin receptors. From the results of the cell viability based on MTT assay, TP conjugates showed lower cytotoxicity com-pared with the PEI system. We expect that the TP conjugate can be used efficiently as a non-viral gene delivery vector.

Effect of Vinylidene Fluoride Chain Length on the Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Vinylidene Fluoride/Trifluoroethylene Copolymers

Sang Goo Lee,Eun Kyung Kim,Jong-Wook Ha,In Jun Park,Soo-Bok Lee,Jong Dae Lee 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10

Isolation and Characterization of Proteoglycan Derived From Human Placenta and its Biological Activities

Lee, Kyung-Bok,Kim, Jong-Sig,Yoo, Yung-Choon,Kwak, Sang-Tae,Song, Kyung-Sik,Kim, Yeong-Shik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2000 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.23 No.2

Chondroitin sulfates proteoglycans were isolated from human placenta. For the identification of enzymatic digestion products of isolated proteoglycan, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. By the action of chondroitin ABC and chondroitin B lyase, three unsaturated disaccharides 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose ($\delta$Di-OS), 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-su lfo-D-galactose ($\delta$Di-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gl uco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose ($\delta$Di-4S) were produced from the human placenta proteoglycan. The anticoagulant activity of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay and thrombin time (TT) assay. The clotting times of aPTT and TT were increased from 72 to 144 sec and 19 to 27 sec, respectively. The Immune-modulating activity of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was examined by cell proliferation assay and these results suggest that it may play a role in suppression of the function of immune-related cells.

Isolation and Identification of Chondroitin Sulfates from the Mud Snail

Lee, Kyung-Bok,Kim, Jong-Sig,Kwak, Sang-Tae,Sim, Won-Bo,Kwak, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Yeong-Shik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1998 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.21 No.5

chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the mud snail. For the quantitative analysis of enzymatic digestion products of isolated chondroitin sulfates, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. by the action of chondroitinase ABC, three unsaturated disaccharides$ 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose $$({\Delta}Di-OS), $2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose ({\Delta}Di-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose ({\Delta}Di-4S)$ were produced from the mud snail chondroitin sulfates. The analysis showed that relative proportion of ${\Delta}Di-OS/{\Delta}Di-6S/{\Delta}Di-4S$ was 58.7/3.1/38.2. The immunomodulating activity of chondroitin sulfate was examined by cell proliferation assay and these results suggest that it might be a immunosuppressant.

Heparinized swine model results used for intravascular thread-like structures(NTSs) studies

Sung-jin Cho,Young-Suk Park,Hyun-A Lee,Sunhwa Hong,Nahee Bok,Minsun KIim,Okjin Kim 한국실험동물학회 2008 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Biodegradation of Organochlorine Insecticide Endosulfan by the Fungus Eutypella sp. KEF-1

Lee, Jung-Bok,Park, Sang-Yeul,Shin, Kee-Sun,Jeon, Chun-Pyo,Kim, Jang-Eok,Kwon, Gi-Seok The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.2

BACKGROUD: ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$- Endosulfan isomers of endosulfan, an endocrine disrupting chemical, are widely used cyclodiene organochlorine pesticide in worldwide, and it has widespread application in agriculture and can contaminate river-system as runoff from soil or aerial deposition METHOD AND RESULTS: In this study, an attempt was made to isolate an endosulfan degrading fungus from endosulfan-polluted agricultural soil. Through repetitive enrichment and successive subculture in media containing endosulfan and its metabolites as the sole carbon source, a fungus designated KEF-1 was isolated. Based on phylogenetic analysis, strain KEF-1 was assigned to the genus Eutypella. Also, the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of KEF-1 were submitted to GenBank under accession number EF581006. In potato dextrose broth containing 8 ${\mu}g$/mL endosulfan, strain KEF-1 completely degraded the endosulfanin 12 days. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that Eutypella sp. KEF-1 has potential as a biocatalyst for endosulfan bioremediation

Study on the Prediction of the CO₂ Absorption Quantity in the Concrete According to the Surface-Finishes

Lee, Sang Hyun,Lee, Han Seung,Lee, Sung Bok Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Key Engineering Materials Vol.348-349 No.-

<P>A cement which is used in construction and a concrete which is a hydration product of cement is considered anti-environmental materials because of lots of CO2 emission in progress of producing and making them. But a concrete absorbs CO2 gas in atmosphere after hydration and in its lifetime. It is called carbonation. Based on Papadakis’ theses, this research is carried on calculation of the CO2 absorption quantity in concrete. After research, we calculated the CO2 absorption quantity in concrete which has various surface-finishes and we evaluate each surface-finishes the resistance against carbonation.</P>

Lack of Replication of Genetic Association with Body Mass Index Detected by Genome-wide Association Study

Lee, Hae-In,Kim, Jae-Jung,Park, Tae-Sung,Kim, Kyung-A,Lee, Jong-Eun,Cho, Yoon-Shin,Lee, Jong-Young,Han, Bok-Ghee,Lee, Jong-Keuk Korea Genome Organization 2011 Genomics & informatics Vol.9 No.2

Obesity provokes many serious human diseases, including various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Body mass index (BMI) is a highly heritable trait that is broadly used to diagnose obesity. To identify genetic loci associated with obesity in Asians, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a population of Korean adults (n=6,742, age 40~60 years) and detected six BMI risk loci (TNR, FAM124B, RGS12, NFE2L3, MC4R and FTO) having p< $1{\times}10^{-5}$. However, in the replication study, only melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) (rs9946888, p=$4.58{\times}10^{-7}$) was replicated with marginal significance (p<0.05) in the second cohort (n=5,102, age 40~60 years). This study indicates that each locus associated with BMI has very weak genetic effect.