도시 고형폐기물의 발생원 관리

도갑수,이성희 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.3

The management of generating source was studied for effect treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste(MSW). Two house with boiler using briquette, one apartment with central heating system and Bukhan National Park were selected in this study as generating source. Generation rate, composition and properties such as moisture volatile solid(V.S), fixed solid(F.S) and lower heating value(LHV) of each materials in the MSW were measured weekly, and the collection system of MSW in Seoul city were investigated. From this experimental results, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The annually average generation rate of MSW was 377g/cap.day in the case of apartment and 1350g/cap.day in the case of house which involved briquette ash in 75wt%. 2. As the generation rate changes in a large range in our country(the number of month within 15% above or below yearly mean were more than 33%), It is very difficult to determine the size of collection and treatment facilities. 3. It was possible to recover directly papers and plastic to 90% and 80%of them respectely from the generating source. In this case, the waste resources could be with good quality within 10% moisture content. 4. The weight proportions of garbages(vegetable, food and fruits) and plastic were 46.9 and 9.7wt% in annually average respectively, which were higher than those in other country. The moisture content and V.S. content of MSW were 45.3 and 41.4/wt% in annually average. 5. The lower heating value of MSW was measured to be 2170㎉/㎏ in wet basis after briquette separation, but to go down 800㎉/㎏ after papers and plastic recovery. 6. The equations for estimating LHV in wet basis were obtained in This equation (7) and (8), was found to be more correct than other equations. LHV = 4500Vc + 9500Vp-600W[㎉/㎏]···(7) LHV = 7260 Pi + 2950Pa + 640(P_(G)+P_(F))+4000Pc-600W[㎉/㎏]···(8) 7. The collection system containing separated collection in Seoul city was ineffective owing to the lack of landfill site and loading place of MSW. 8. It is necessary for as to take proper management system for solid waste in the National Park because visitors and generation quantity of solid waste change largely according the place and season. 9. The major collection facilities in the National Park were waste basket and incineration box, but the incineration box was too large and its collection period was irregular, so it was cause to the congestion of solid waste and bad smell. Therefore, we must set up the more waste basket which able to fine within 40∼50 m from the origination place of solid waste and induce the visitor to throw the solid waste, and remove the incineration basket to one-third of total volume for the only purpose of open burning of solid waste at elevated place.

平面十字交叉點에서의 騷音特性에 關한 硏究

金甲洙 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1990 연구보고 Vol.18 No.1

Generally factors which influence the road traffic noise are classified roughly into three factors, that is a traffic structure, road condiction and surroundings of the road. In this paper, road traffic noise are measured at various kind of right angles intersections in Taegu city, and the road traffic noises are analysed by the method of factor analysis based on the quantification theory to investigate contributions of there three factors to the road traffic noise at the right-angled intersections quantitatively.

HI-STAR 교통량측정기(NC90-A)의 활용방안에 관한 연구

김갑수,김정수 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.28 No.2

Recently, HI-STAR traffic counter is used many to survey traffic volume instead of manual. But, This HI-STAR traffic counter was not verified in domestic situations. So, The purpose of this paper is to compare traffic volume by HI-STAR traffic counter(NC90-A model) with that of manual survey, and propose optimal utilization of HI-STAR traffic counter. Results of paired t-test of two groups(compare traffic volume by HI-STAR traffic counter with traffic volume by manual survey), any difference was not found. Generally, Traffic volume by HI-STAR counter was lower than that of manual survey, and this is very important problem. So, new model is needs which predict manual survey volume by HI-STAR traffic volume.

일반화시간을 이용한 대중교통 서비스 평가에 관한 연구

김갑수,권대우 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.28 No.2

This paper suggested generalized time model and method for service evaluation of public transportation using it. Generalized time model was established using equivalent time coefficient and VOT. The results of this study are as follows: 1) In scoring of service, generally bus satisfactory degree is lower than subway's. In case of bus, satisfactory degree of access time is the biggest and travel time, wait time, fare in order. In case of subway, satisfactory degree of travel time is the biggest and fare, access time in order. 2) In order to know a burden of each travel mode, equivalent time coefficient was estimated as following. Single transfer 16.19, walk 2.61, wait 1.87, parking 1.75, subway 0.76, car 0.66. Therefore it is found that single transfer is 16 times than bus and subway and car are lower than bus. It was appeared that these have theoretical and practical propriety in view of each personal characteristics. But, it is need to consider parking and car equivalent time coefficient of under 19 age. 3) It was appeared that estimated value of time is reasonable and the result is 17.27(\/min). Generally there was a large deviation according to personal characteristics, specially driver licence and car being or not. 4) Evaluation of current service, desired service, satisfactory service and dissatisfactory service in case study district is done using generalized time model which was established using equivalent time coefficient and value of time. Availability of generalized time model would be shown to compare and evaluate service between different modes, bus routes or areas with different service, service after improvement and before improvement. Also in the future, generalized time may be used to establish another service evaluation model of public transportation. It is needed to study wait time for subway and to consider trip purpose in establishing equivalent time coefficient and value of time.

現代的 敎育經營 組織 設計의 方向 探索

河甲洙 釜山敎育大學 1992 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.28 No.1

In this study, it is attempted to find the strategic orientation of the organizational design for the modern school. In the first chapter, the organization general characteristics of school are analy in terms of various aspects, elements, structure, goal, function, orientation, etc. In the second chapter, Bureaucracy, Adhocracy and Contingency theories are overviewed to establish the theoretical background and to get a suggestion of the strategy for the effective organizational design. The suggested directions of school organizational design are as following : 1) as we have the instructional system as well as the managerial system, in a school, both Bureaucracy and Adhocracy are available for the effective organizational design. But, Bureaucracy need to be the supporting system for the profession. 2) variable coupling may be useful for the school organization especially at the university level. 3) it's suggested that both career orientation and achivement orientation to thrust the achievement motive of all member of the school. 4) various imformal organizations will be allowed but their activities must be under the control of the autonomous rigid rules and regulations to overcome the organized anarchism. 5) Accurate communication system must be established between the formal and the informal organizations. 6) in totality, Contingency model may be available for the effective school organizational design to do both maintenance function and adoptive function of the school. In this study, it is attempted to find the strategic orientation of the organizational design for the modern school. In the first chapter, the organization general characteristics of school are analy in terms of various aspects, elements, structure, goal, function, orientation, etc. In the second chapter, Bureaucracy, Adhocracy and Contingency theories are overviewed to establish the theoretical background and to get a suggestion of the strategy for the effective organizational design. The suggested directions of school orgnizational design are as following : 1) as we have the instructional system as well as the managerial system, in a school, both Bureaucracy and Adhocracy are available for the effective organizational design. But, Bureaucracy need to be the supporting system for the profession. 2) variable coupling may be useful for the school organization especially at the university level. 3) it's suggested that both career orientation and achivement orientation to thrust the achievement motive of all members of the school. 4) various imformal organizations will be allowed but their activities must be under the control of the autonomous rigid rules and regulations to overcome the organized anarchism. 5) Accurate communication system must be established between the formal and the imformal organizations. 6) in totality, Contingency model may be available for the effective school organizational design to do both maintenance function and adoptive function of the school.

道路交通騷音의 防音壁 設計 方案에 關한 硏究

金甲洙 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1994 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.1

Nowdays, traffic noise produced in the roads due to a rapid increase in traffic volume raises various problems. It is not only extending a wide scope of area by the influence but also infringing on agreeableness of life. Road construction projects induce a change of human society in the circumference and natural environment because of effects in the area change under construction of ecosystem, noises, air pollution (and so on) in the area for running an automobile after construction work. As a result, the purpose of this research presents a plan of optimum design, deciding barrier height, length(and so on) cosidered attenuation effect at the receiver point by means of diffraction of sound or interception of sound porduced in the road. Finally, surveying noise in the establishment section of existing noise barrier can be confirmed with validity in the field.

道路交通振動의 豫測과 評價

金甲洙,李澤九 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1991 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to construct model which can be applied to the plan for preventing the road traffic vibration, and to analyze the primary factor an character based on the road traffic vibration. The predicting model was developed by quantification theory type I and step wise regression analysis with traffic condition as descriptive variables and vibration - rating value as objective variable and each model was compared and evaluated. The major results of this paper may be summarized as follows : (1) The correlation coefficient between traffic volume and ?? was 0.93, 0.98. (2) The correlation coefficient between the number of large - size car and ?? was 0.9, 0.93. (3) The correlation coefficient between ?? was 0.9 Through any of the degrees of appraised value are used, there is no problem. But the value of appraisal must be laid down considering the relation to human life. (4) We can anticipate the road traffic vibration better using the quantification theory type 1 than the step wise regression analysis.

學校組織의 官僚制的 性格分析

河甲洙 釜山敎育大學 1984 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study is to identify the bureaucratic level and functions of the elementary school organizations in Busan. Specially, this study identify the differences of Bureanucratic level and functions of the school organizations in terms of the fourdation of the school, principal's age and academic carees. A survey research was adopted using the questionnaire (SOBI; School Organizational Bureaucracy Inventory) which is composed of 22 items to measure school organization bureaucracy level and functions. The result of this study may be summed up as follows. 1) The degree of bureaucratization in elementary schools is totally a little bit higer than medium level. 2) The functional tendency of bureaucratization in elementary schools is more appearent than dysfunctional one. 3) Both public schools and private schools are on a high degree of bureaucratization but there is no significant difference between two groups. 4) There are no statiscal differences of the degree of bureaucratization and functions in terms of the principal's academic history and career but for their age. 5) Especially, 50's of age prinipals are interrelated with the high degree of bureaucratization in schools.

學校組織經營 效果性測定 評定에 관한 硏究

河甲洙 釜山敎育大學 1986 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

Effectiveness is one of the most pervasive yet least delinated organizational constructs relevant to all in organizational life. But there is so many variables affects organizational effectiveness that it is very difficult to make the reliable general criteria to measure and rate, especially in school organization. In this study, it is attampted to review the theoretical approaches to organizational effectiveness and suggest a measurable effectiveness criteria of school effctiveness. Two general approaches, a goal perspective a system resource model, dominate the study. The differences between the two, seem more a matter of semantics than substances; therefore, the opproaches can be merged to form a single, integrated goal system resources model for the analysis of organizational effectiveness in schools. Administrators attempting to improve the effectiveness in schools must engage in planned organizational change. Such change can be brought about by individual technostrutural, surrey feedback, and organization development strategies. for maximum effectiveness all of the strategies should be employed in concert. The theoretical approaches involves a) goal approach b) system resource approach c) interal process d) participant satisfaction approach e) ecological approach. In terms of these approaches, the demansions of school organizational effectiveness involves a) goal achievement b) organizational integration c) maintanace d) adaptation. The goal achievement criteria are student achievement, productivity, utility of resources and goal focus. The organizational integration criteria are student's satisfaction, teacher's job satisfaction, cohesiveness, leadership, communication and decision making process. The maintance criteria are We-consciousness, achievement motive and confidence. The adaptation criteria are flexibility, innovativeness and autonomy. The effectiveness dimension rating scale are presented in the figure 10.

敎員硏修敎育의 效果分析

河甲洙 釜山敎育大學 1975 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.11 No.2

It is the purpose of this study to have an analytical review of the effects of the in-service education for the primary and secondary school teachers. The effects are evaluated according to following six areas; 1) educational belief system, 2) curriculum, 3) educational methodology, 4) evaluation, 5) shool administration and 6) R & D. In an oversimplified way, I can answer my original research question by conculding that 1)about 30% of the respondents were highly helped to refresh or reconstruct their educational beliefsystem through the course, 2) about a quarter of respondents were helped to study the modern school curriculum, 3) about 13% of the respondents were effectively helped to develop their educational teachnology, 4) about 10% of them were effectively helped to study educatiooal mesurement and evaluation, 5) about 37% of the respondents were helped to have theories and skills for the school administration(most of them are school administrators) and 6) about 18% of them were effectively helped to study more about R & D. The importance of the in-service education is gradually being emphasized in every field of occupations. But as we saw above, the effcts of in-service program are far below the expected level. In a word, it suggests us to have more objective study and to reform the program of in-service education for the primary and secondary teachers. Following recommendations may be suggested; 1)all of the in-service education should be integrated into the program of the legal institution, 2) the program should be organized in relation with the problems of the current educational movement, 3) to have a rapid educational innovation, the in-service educauion for the school administrator may be preceded.