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박상철 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 1987 지역개발연구 Vol.19 No.1
Behavioral theories of trade have their intellectual roots in the development of behavioral science and its adoption to the theory of the firm. They emerged in the point of view that the existing trade theory has some limitations and the alternative way of explanation for trade is necessary. This paper reviews the articles on the export behavior of small and medium sized firms on classifying them into large four groups according to their basic approaches as follows: 1. theories on, the determinant variables of export behavior. 2. strategic approaches to export behavior, 3. international marketing mix reproaches to export behavior, 4. theories on internationalization of the firm. Also the articles on the effects of the size of the firm has been dichotomized into irrelevant and relevant theories. As a result of reviewing these studies the following facts can be noted. First, the decision makers play a critical role in explicit and implicit export behavior of the firm. They can appear in various features as like top managers, determinant variables, or strategy and tactics formulators. But this merely reflects the perspectives of the researchers or the objectives of the research. Second, the process of or stages of the internationalization of the firm is only a consequence of export behaviors, not determinant or causal factors. So the theory of internationalization of the firm should have relations with behavioral theory of trade just like the economic development theory has with economics. Third. in view of the decision maker's overwhelming role in determinig the patterns of trade, the information capability of the firm-environmental scanning, information gathering, processing, accumulation and utilization capability-is vital to explain the export behavior and internationalization of the firm. Fourth, the size of the firm within the specific range cannot affect the patterns of trade feed-forwardly. Fifth, the export behavior can be got hold of its nature in the context of general organizational behavior. Further studies in this field will be encompassed by the Stimulus- Organization- Behavior- Consequence model. Based on these results the directions for further studies and the implications for both management and policy are presented.
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박상철 전남대학교 기업경영연구소 2006 經營情報 Vol.17 No.1
외환은행의 재매각과 관련하여 BIS비율이 다시 세간의 집중적인 시선을 받고 있다. 이 악명 높은 비율은 1987년 한국이 IMF에 긴급구제금융을 신청할만큼 긴박한 외환위기 상황에서 IMF로부터 약550억 달러의 금융지원을 받는 대신 IMF가 제시한 경제구조개혁프로그램을 수용하고, 그중의 하나로 BIS의 자기자본비율 8% 조건을 충족시키지 못하는 은행은 퇴출시키는데 동의하면서 일반인들에게도 익숙한 용어가 되기에 이르렀다. 그 후 한계은행들이 퇴출되고 한국경제가 위기상황을 탈출하게 되면서 이 비율은 수면 아래로 가라앉아 버리는 것처럼 보였다. 그러던 것이 최근에 외환은행을 외국의 사모펀드에 매각할 당시 이 비율이 너무 낮게 조작되었을 가능성이 있다는 혐의가 제기되면서 다시 이에 대한 관심이 고조되고, 또한 매스컴의 집중적인 조명을 받고 있다. 그렇지만 바젤협약으로 알려졌던 이 BIS비율 규칙은 금년 말로 그 효력을 상실하고 은행의 안전성 확보를 위한 새로운 국제협약으로서 바젤Ⅱ가 발효될 예정이다. 상황이 이러하므로 차제에 바젤협약Ⅰ과 바젤협약Ⅱ에 대한 비교 검토를 통해서 그 내용을 살펴볼 필요가 있을 것으로 생각한다.
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<滿文老檔> 편지글에 나타나는 직시투사 ― unggihe ‘보낸다’류 동사를 중심으로 ―
박상철,고동호,김주원 한국알타이학회 2025 알타이학보 Vol.- No.35
In the letters recorded in Tongki fuka sindaha hergen i dangse (Manwen Laodang), the verb meaning ‘(first-person sender) send (a letter/item/ person, etc. to the recipient)’ appears in several forms depending on the status relationship between the sender and the recipient, such as unggi- ‘send’, jafa- ‘offer’, wasimbu- ‘send down’, and wesimbu- ‘submit’. These verbs have in common that they are typically combined with the past tense -HA, which is contrary to the fact that in Written Manchu from the 17th to 19th centuries, the -HA suffix typically refers to a past event prior to the utterance, while the event of sending a letter should be later or at least contemporaneous with the moment of writing (=utterance). Some take this peculiar use of the past tense as evidence that tense contrast does not exist in Written Manchu. However, this study attempt to explain this peculiar use of the past tense by adopting the concept of ‘deicitic projection’, which appears similarly in Classical Latin letters, maintaining the view that Written Manchu was a tense language that grammatically expressed the past/non-past temporal opposition. To conclude, in terms of temporal deixis, the deictic origo (now) moves to the future point in time when the recipient receives the letter, and the point in time when the sender sends the letter is described as a past situation. This is also related to the peculiar use of Written Manchu sakini ‘let (third person) know’ in letters, with the recipient (=second person) as the subject.
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