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박상철 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 1987 지역개발연구 Vol.19 No.1
Behavioral theories of trade have their intellectual roots in the development of behavioral science and its adoption to the theory of the firm. They emerged in the point of view that the existing trade theory has some limitations and the alternative way of explanation for trade is necessary. This paper reviews the articles on the export behavior of small and medium sized firms on classifying them into large four groups according to their basic approaches as follows: 1. theories on, the determinant variables of export behavior. 2. strategic approaches to export behavior, 3. international marketing mix reproaches to export behavior, 4. theories on internationalization of the firm. Also the articles on the effects of the size of the firm has been dichotomized into irrelevant and relevant theories. As a result of reviewing these studies the following facts can be noted. First, the decision makers play a critical role in explicit and implicit export behavior of the firm. They can appear in various features as like top managers, determinant variables, or strategy and tactics formulators. But this merely reflects the perspectives of the researchers or the objectives of the research. Second, the process of or stages of the internationalization of the firm is only a consequence of export behaviors, not determinant or causal factors. So the theory of internationalization of the firm should have relations with behavioral theory of trade just like the economic development theory has with economics. Third. in view of the decision maker's overwhelming role in determinig the patterns of trade, the information capability of the firm-environmental scanning, information gathering, processing, accumulation and utilization capability-is vital to explain the export behavior and internationalization of the firm. Fourth, the size of the firm within the specific range cannot affect the patterns of trade feed-forwardly. Fifth, the export behavior can be got hold of its nature in the context of general organizational behavior. Further studies in this field will be encompassed by the Stimulus- Organization- Behavior- Consequence model. Based on these results the directions for further studies and the implications for both management and policy are presented.
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