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박상철 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 1987 지역개발연구 Vol.19 No.1
Behavioral theories of trade have their intellectual roots in the development of behavioral science and its adoption to the theory of the firm. They emerged in the point of view that the existing trade theory has some limitations and the alternative way of explanation for trade is necessary. This paper reviews the articles on the export behavior of small and medium sized firms on classifying them into large four groups according to their basic approaches as follows: 1. theories on, the determinant variables of export behavior. 2. strategic approaches to export behavior, 3. international marketing mix reproaches to export behavior, 4. theories on internationalization of the firm. Also the articles on the effects of the size of the firm has been dichotomized into irrelevant and relevant theories. As a result of reviewing these studies the following facts can be noted. First, the decision makers play a critical role in explicit and implicit export behavior of the firm. They can appear in various features as like top managers, determinant variables, or strategy and tactics formulators. But this merely reflects the perspectives of the researchers or the objectives of the research. Second, the process of or stages of the internationalization of the firm is only a consequence of export behaviors, not determinant or causal factors. So the theory of internationalization of the firm should have relations with behavioral theory of trade just like the economic development theory has with economics. Third. in view of the decision maker's overwhelming role in determinig the patterns of trade, the information capability of the firm-environmental scanning, information gathering, processing, accumulation and utilization capability-is vital to explain the export behavior and internationalization of the firm. Fourth, the size of the firm within the specific range cannot affect the patterns of trade feed-forwardly. Fifth, the export behavior can be got hold of its nature in the context of general organizational behavior. Further studies in this field will be encompassed by the Stimulus- Organization- Behavior- Consequence model. Based on these results the directions for further studies and the implications for both management and policy are presented.
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만주어 의문문 종결어미 -rA와 -mbi의 분포와 의미
박상철 한국알타이학회 2023 알타이학보 Vol.- No.33
This paper aims to clarify the difference between Written Manchu suffixes -rA and -mbi by describing their distribution and meaning in interrogative sentences, and based on which, an internal reconstruction that can encompass the asymmetric tense systems that appears in declarative and interrogative sentences in WM is attempted. In WM affirmative sentences, -rA appears only with the first person subject and realizes the modal meaning of ‘promise.’ In other hand, -rakū, which is the fusion of -rA and akv ‘not,’ and -mbi are distributed complementarily in negative and positive sentences, respectively, and seem to be synchronically in a relationship as variants of same morpheme. In interrogative sentences, however, they can appear in the same position, that is, at the end of the predicates. Unlike in declarative sentences, mbi in interrogative sentences can generally be classified as present tense (including situation in progress, general facts, and scheduled future), and -rA can be classified as future tense which refers to an event taking place after the moment of speech. In particular, -rA and -mbi are opposed in the adarame ‘how’ questions with first-person subject: the former raises questions about typical future situations, while the latter raises questions about the present and possible world. Through internal reconstruction, it can be inferred that the asymmetric tense system in WM declarative and interrogative sentences was symmetric in the previous period. That is, with the introduction of the new present tense -mbi, the old present tense -rA functioned as non-past tense and future tense in negative and interrogative sentences, respectively, leading to an asymmetric tense system in WM.
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The Inclusion of Health in County Comprehensive Planning
박상철,Christopher Coutts,이세진 서울대학교행정대학원 2014 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.29 No.1
This article explores what drives communities in United States to include health objectives in their comprehensive plans. By using a place-based approach, this model is able to take into account variables such as health status,social equity, political institutions, and built environment. The findings suggest that communities are more likely to adopt health as a goal based on their political institutional structure and environmental quality (e.g., air pollution) than based on health status and social equity factors. Therefore, communities are responding to poor health and heightened mortality per se but rather to environmental factors that are associated with poor health outcomes.
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박상철,Park, Sang-Cheol 한국건강관리협회 2004 한국건강관리협회지 Vol.2 No.1
노화란 개념을 불가피하고 비가역적인 생체의 변화를 거쳐서 죽음에 이르는 도정이라는 피동적이고 자포자기적인 결정론적 시각을 불식하고, 노화가 생명체의 생존을 위한 적응적 반응성 변화이며, 그러한 변화의 요인이 충분히 제어가 가능한 생체의 변화임을 밝히고자 한다. 또한, 기능적 장수(Functional Longevity)라는 새로운 개념을 제안하고, 이러한 기능적 장수를 추구함에 있어서 장수문화와 장수과학의 정립이 시급함을 강조하였다.
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