An Optimality Theoretic Account of Korean Partial Reduplication as a Suffixation Type

Chang-Kook Suh 한국중원언어학회 2021 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.58

The purpose of this paper is to show the following three characteristics regarding Korean partial reduplication. First, Korean partial reduplication data were meticulously reviewed and grouped anew reflecting the fundamental nature of the phenomena. The phonological condition of the prefixing type of reduplication requires that the base words should end in consonant ‘l’. By contrast, suffixing reduplication occurs in consonant-final base words except for final-‘l’. Secondly, Korean partial reduplication is argued to be basically suffixation of core syllable template, and some apparent prefixing cases are exceptions to the suffixation. This further indicates suffixation is a more universal phenomenon in morphology of partial reduplication. Thirdly, the complementary distribution of prefixing CV vs. CVC reduplicant patterns are determined by the interaction of the ranked constraints of Optimality Theory. This can also account for why suffixing reduplication does not show any complementarity between CV and CVC reduplicative templates. These findings contribute to making the current analysis more advanced and predictive than the previous analyses.

Semantic Comparison between English -er Nominals and Korean -i Nominals

Youngju Choi 담화·인지언어학회 2012 담화와 인지 Vol.19 No.3

Panther and Thornburg (2002) observed that the seemingly heterogeneous -er nominals in English are closely related to each other. Following the lead of Panther and Thornburg (2002), the paper analyses Korean -i suffixation from the cognitive perspective and compares it with English -er suffixation. The Korean -i suffix shows parallel behaviors to the English -er suffix in that they both prototypically mean a human agent and the prototypical meaning is extended to nonhuman agents, to instruments, and even to events. Diverse meanings of -i nominals are shown to be closely related to each other when examined with the analytical tools in cognitive linguistics, just like the meanings of English -er nominals. The comparable behavior of the two different morphemic units in the typologically unrelated languages reveals that there are cross-linguistic similarities in the function of human cognition. The result also shows that metaphor and metonymy work at a word level as well as a sentential level.

Semantic Comparison between English -er Nominals and Korean -i Nominals

최영주 담화·인지언어학회 2012 담화와 인지 Vol.19 No.3

Panther and Thornburg (2002) observed that the seemingly heterogeneous -er nominals in English are closely related to each other. Following the lead of Panther and Thornburg (2002), the paper analyses Korean -i suffixation from the cognitive perspective and compares it with English -er suffixation. The Korean -i suffix shows parallel behaviors to the English -er suffix in that they both prototypically mean a human agent and the prototypical meaning is extended to nonhuman agents, to instruments, and even to events. Diverse meanings of -i nominals are shown to be closely related to each other when examined with the analytical tools in cognitive linguistics, just like the meanings of English -er nominals. The comparable behavior of the two different morphemic units in the typologically unrelated languages reveals that there are cross-linguistic similarities in the function of human cognition. The result also shows that metaphor and metonymy work at a word level as well as a sentential level.

An OT Analysis of Vowel Hiatus in the Jeju Dialect

이은미,고훈주 대한언어학회 2022 언어학 Vol.30 No.4

This study is about the vowel hiatus resolutions resulting from suffixation in the Jeju dialect. To avoid the vowel hiatus, glide formation, glide insertion, and vowel deletion are adopted in the Jeju dialect. Glide insertion occurs at the morpheme boundary to break up the vowel sequence. The inserted segment is chosen depending on the feature of the stem final vowel. Glide insertion is not typical in standard Korean and other dialects in Korea but it is often spoken in a formal speech in the Jeju dialect. Glide formation also takes place in casual speech. Glide formation is the process where one of the vowels is substituted for the corresponding glide - the high vowel becomes [y] and the back round vowel becomes [w] at the morpheme boundary. This is where it is suppressed due to the Obligatory Contour Principle (Leben, 1973) related to the Consonant Glide (CG) cluster, and the lack of a high feature, required for glide formation. In each case, a deletion strategy is adopted, but which vowel is deleted between V1 and V2 is determined by both the sonority of the vowel and morphological factors such as the stem or suffix. We adopt constraints and their ranking for the analysis within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). As all of the strategies are for the one goal - to avoid vowel hiatus, we provide a single constraint ranking that can explain various cases of vowel hiatus resolutions in the Jeju dialect.

러시아어 접두사/접미사 부가 상 형성 교수 방안 연구: 동사 어간의 위계 구조 분석을 중심으로

이은순 한국외국어교육학회 2015 Foreign languages education Vol.22 No.2

This study proposes how to teach aspectual derivations of the verb in the Russian language based on the prefixation and suffixation. The author argues that for the intermediate/advanced learners the traditional aspectual pair system needs to be replaced by the aspectual cluster system and the derivations of the imperfective verbs through the suffixation needs to be taught based on the classification of the infinitives. The hierarchical structure of verb stem in Russian is as follows: superlexical prefixes (po-, etc.) > -yva- > superlexical prefixes (ot-, etc.) > intermediate prefixes (do-, pere-) > -nu-/-a- > lexical prefixes > stem. The study also proposes that the syntactic structure needs to contain the split AspPs (PerfP1 > ImpfP > PerfP2 > PerfP3) outside of the vP and another AspP inside the vP in order to derive the above-mentioned hierarchical structure.

On the Pitch-Accent System of South Kyungsang Korean : A Phonological Perspective

Lee, Dongmyung,Davis, Stuart 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2009 語學硏究 Vol.45 No.1

This paper presents an analysis of the pitch patterns of native nouns of contemporary South Kyungsang Korean. Following DM Lee (2009) we maintain that South Kyungsang Korean has a pitch-accent system that co-exists with an initial tone register. To illustrate this we focus on monomorphemic nouns and the nature of tonal alternations found under suffixation.

A Study of Object Case Marking

Jae-yoon Kim 한국언어과학회 2015 언어과학 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to show the difference in the grammatical encoding of the cross-categorial semantic distinction ‘bounded/unbounded’, a distinction that concerns the dimension of quantity of objects and events. Czech encodes it on the verb with V0-modifiers, whereas Finnish in the NP with case suffixes. In Finnish, the accusative/partitive case alternation that expresses the ‘bounded/unbounded’ distinction in the domain of individuals is systematically exploited to indicate the aspectual distinction, a distinction in the domain of events. In Czech, the encoding system of V0-modifiers that expresses the ‘bounded/unbounded’ distinction in the domain of events is exploited for conveying certain meanings that are related to those of articles within NPs in such languages as English, for example. Czech and Finnish clearly differ in the language-specific schematizations that are associated with their respective linguistic representations. However, the interaction between verbal and nominal predicates in Finnish and Czech is based on the same general principles that can be best accounted for within the lattice-theoretic analysis.

A Constraint-based Approach to Affixation in English : Vowel Alternation and Stress Change

Kwanyoung Oh 국제언어인문학회 2017 인문언어 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of the study is to account for vowel-laxing and tensing by suffixation in English through constraint-analyses on the assumption that a vowel was inserted before some suffixes, with or without stress change depending on certain contexts. There is a view that while vowel-initial suffixes cause such phonological phenomena, consonant-initial suffixes are not responsible for them. When we examined some instances, it was observed that several Class I suffixes begin with /i/, such as -ity, -ify, -ic, -ial, -ian, and -ious which were associated with vowel-laxing (Yip 1987:465). Therefore, we identify a possible cause of complex phonological effects as being vowel-insertion in some suffixes (Aronoff 1976, Fudge 1984, Yip 1987, Raffelsiefen 1998), resulting in allomorphs, and -ic containing a stem-forming vowel. To present the basis of vowel-insertion in some suffixes, we consider the suffixes from historical and theoretical perspectives. As for vowel-laxing in suffixation, we look into rule-based approaches, such as Halle and Mohanan’s (1985) collapsed Shortening, Yip’s Pre-Cluster Shortening, and Roca and Johnson’s (1999) mora-based analysis, but these analyses do not provide a satisfactory explanation for vowel-laxing with stress change. Regarding vowel-tensing in suffixation, we also review Halle and Mohanan’s rule, but it does not give us an appropriate explanation for tensing, not to mention the stress change. Therefore, we look for constraint-based approaches as an alternative, and finally can account for the complex phonological phenomena more consistently and concisely than the rule-based approaches.

汉语方言中儿化的共时面貌

민경만 중국인문학회 2020 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.74

Er-suffixation is widespread in many Han dialects. Citing existing research results, this article begins with a brief description of the property, formation, and development of the Er-suffixation in Han dialects. Meanwhile, according to the characteristics of Er-coda, it divides the Er-suffixation in Han Dialects into three categories and states various status quo of retroflexed rhyme in Han Dialects. This article also attempts to speculate the development trend of Er-suffixation in Han Dialects.

Allomorphic variation of English noun derivational suffix ‘-er’ in Korean:

Dong myung Lee 한국음운론학회 2017 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the affixation process of the Korean noun derivational suffix, ‘-러’ [lʌ], which means ‘a person who does something1.’ This suffix is assumed to be originate from the English suffix ‘-er’ [ər] and it is booming in Korean vocabulary recently as in ‘불참러’ [pultʃamlʌ] ‘a person who does not attend.’ However, unlike the English noun derivational suffixation ‘-er,’ the Korean allomorphic form [lʌ] shows somewhat intriguing suffixation patterns. This contemporary Korean derivational suffix shows very productive and formative affixation behaviors onto bases. In the present study, the Korean allomorphic data of [lʌ] suffixation will be provided. In the data, the structures of the bases will also be discussed. That is, we will examine whether the base consists of a single morpheme or more than two morphemes (or parts of those morphemes). We also provide a possible lexical morphological rule for the suffix [lʌ]. In the current paper, Optimality Theoretic (OT, Prince and Smolensky 1993, McCarthy and Prince 1995) analyses will also be presented. (Dong-A University)