독일과 한국 스포츠클럽 비교분석과 발전방안

김홍남 朝鮮大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2003 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

This study carried out a comparative analysis of systems of well- developed German and Korean sports clubs for the effective application of the advantages of the German clubs to our system. The results are summarized as follows: First, German and Korean sports clubs are organized and managed by members themselves. German clubs are not influenced by the government while Korean clubs are greatIy influenced by the government. As for the size of clubs, there is a remarkable difference between German and Korean clubs. As for German clubs, about 56% are composed of one item while most of Korean clubs are organized with one item. Second, German sports clubs average about 267 members while Korean clubs average about 36. As for Germany, about 27.8 % of the people are members of a club while only ahout 2.7% of Korean people are members of sports clubs. German sports clubs are managed by young members while Korean clubs are mainly managed by older members. Third, as for the sports items provided to members of sports clubs, there is a large difference according to sports facilities, size of the clubs, preferred sports items and difference according to age. 55.6% of the German sports clubs provide only one item; 69% of them focus on individual item and 31% on group item. However, Korean clubs centralize on only one item. German sports clubs hold bazaars, take sports trips with members and organize sports-related events in addition to playing sports. Fourth, about 88% of German sports clubs are managed by volunteers. They do not receive special benefits except free memberships. About 2,700,000 volunteers serve in clubs for 5,000,000 hours per year which amount to hundreds of thousands of Euro when they are calculated in monetary value. The club members pay five and ten Euro every month for the service of volunteers. As German sports club volunteers gain knowledge about sports and clubs in detail while they are working for such a long time. Clubs are well managed by them without any trouble with members. Most Korean sports clubs, however, are managed by directors. Fifth, German sports clubs are supported by entrance fees and membership fees, and the members' donations and subsidies from sports organizations make up a small percentage. According to club and sport, there is a difference in entrance fees and membership fees, but members usually pay between five and ten Euro every month and as for clubs providing high-quality sports, members should pay hundreds of Euro. In 1999, the Korean Sports Science Research Institute interviewed members using questionnaires and the results showed that 84.4% of the interviewees answered that they pay 30,000 won (about 30 Euro) every month for clubs. The amount is six or ten times that of German membership fees. 58% of the German Club budget is spent for labour and the management of clubs while Korean clubs spent more money for facility use. Sixth, 60% of German clubs use public facilities owned by cities while Korean clubs have difficulties in using public sports facilities because the facilities rent is extremely high and cities provide opportunities only for elite sports teams. 40% of German sports clubs are equipped with independent sports facilities while Korean clubs are not. German clubs are making an effort to expand sports facilities. While in the case of Korea, whenever government leadership changes, sports facility plans are changed. Germany makes an effective use of school sports facilities for sports clubs.

스포츠 중계 전문 케이블 TV 채널에 대한 수용자의 인식 연구

김태윤(Kim, Tae-Yoon),정효진(Jung, Hyo-Jin),김진국(Kim, Jin-Kook) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.62

This study aims to present the implications of its marketing strategy plan to be oriented cable channels are each based on the viewers’ evaluation of cable TV channels specializing in sports. To this end sports channel of the national media viewing experience adults up to the age of 25-49, it was sampled over a total of 1,000 people. The survey was conducted by way on-line survey commissioned by the professional internet research firm Nielsen Korea, was analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program based on the data collected are as follows: First, it woke to find sports information acquisition route shown that terrestrial TV sports news and the most popular internet portal news, sports transit media showed that the share of cable TV and terrestrial TV more than 70% of the total. In addition, the preferred channel were the order of SBS Sports, MBC Sports+, KBSN Sports. Second, asking the perception of viewers of cable sports channels question appeared to recognize the order of the SBS Sports, MBC Sports+. And each broadcasting channel image was found to be formed differently. Third, the cable sports TV channel evaluation items from this highest commitment to help in the XTM interesting, satisfaction and continued watching the MBC Sports+ also showed the highest.

한국의 체육 및 스포츠 관련 법률 용어에 대한 경향성 및 포함관계 고찰

윤상진,임새미 한국융합과학회 2024 한국융합과학회지 Vol.13 No.6

연구목적 본 연구는 한국 전체 법률상 ‘체육’ 및 ‘스포츠’의 사용 경향성 및 법률적 포함관계를 탐색하고, 이에 대한 문제점 및 제언을 고찰하여 향후 양 용어 관련 법률적 개정 작업의 기초자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있었다. 연구방법 연구자는 국가법령정보센터 등을 통해 관련 연구물을 분석했다. 결과 첫째, 양 용어 포함법률 중 가장 높은 사용 경향성을 가진 대표용어는 각각 ‘문화체육관광부’, ‘스포츠클럽’인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 양 용어의 포함관계는 대부분 ‘체육 ≒ 스포츠’였으며, 일부 법률의 부분적인 개별조항에서 ‘체육 ⊃ 스포츠’ 등의 관계성을 띠고 있었다. 이에 대한 문제점으로 첫째, 전체 법률상 ‘체육’ 용어의 정의가 불분명했으며, 법률적 포함관계 또한 제각각이었다. 둘째, 양 용어 관련 영문 번역어 혼재 등으로 용어상의 혼란을 초래하고 있었다. 결론 이에 따른 제언으로 첫째, 국민적 합의를 바탕으로 현시대에 맞춘 ‘체육’ 용어의 정의 정립 등을 통해, 관련 법제명 등의 ‘체육’ 용어를 ‘스포츠’로 변경해야 한다. 둘째, 법률상 ‘체육’ 및 ‘스포츠’ 관련 용어, 그리고 ‘스포츠3법’에 대한 전문적인 영문 번역 및 검증이 필요하다. 마지막으로, 이러한 ‘체육’ 및 ‘스포츠’ 관련 용어의 정의, 영문 번역어 등을 집대성할 ‘스포츠용어사전’ 편찬 작업을 진행해야 한다. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the usage trends and inclusion relationships of ‘physical education (PE)’ and ‘sports’ in all of Korea’s laws and to provide basic data for future legal revisions related to both terms. Methods The researcher analyzed related studies through academic databases, etc. Results As a result, first, the representative terms with the highest frequency of use were ‘Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism’ and ‘Sports Club’, respectively. Second, the relationship between the two terms in Korean legal systems was mostly a relationship of ‘PE ≒ sports’, and in some individual laws’ provisions was ‘PE ⊃ sports’, etc. The problems are as follows. First, the definition of the term ‘PE’ in the entire law was unclear, and the two terms’ relationship was also different. Second, terminological confusion was caused by the mixing of English translations of both terms in the Korean legal system. Conclusion The suggestions accordingly are as follows. First, the term ‘PE’ should be changed to ‘sports’ through a conceptual definition of the term ‘PE’ tailored to the current era. Second, professional English translation and verification of legal ‘PE’, ‘sports’, and ‘3 major sports laws’ are required.

스포츠윤리학의 역사와 과제, 그리고 전망

박성주 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2019 체육과학연구 Vol.30 No.2

[Purpose] This study aims to contemplate the identity and significance of sport ethics as an independent academic field by examining how it began and developed, where it is now, and where it will or should be moving forward. [Methods] First, a history of sports philosophy which gave birth to sport ethics is surveyed. Second, the emergence of sport ethics in the historical development of sport philosophy is analyzed. Third, major methodologies and theoretical frames of sport ethics are introduced. Last, what needs to be done in South Korea in relation to sport ethics is suggested. [Results] Sport ethics in the future is expected to resort to interdisciplinary approaches which combine a variety of academic disciplines and methodologies. In addition, sport ethics must relate its theory to practice. The pressing task for sport ethics in South Korea is to establish its identity as a separate academic field. In order to do this, we should figure out what to study in sport ethics, and continue to study about the range, methodology, and theoretical frame of sport ethics. [Conclusions] The establishment and development of an academic field becomes only possible when fully supported by numerous scholars’ work, practical achievement of the field, and a diversity of policy and institution, and a continued discussion and agreement on the content and methods of the discipline. In order to enhance its status as well as professionalism of sport ethics scholars, researchers of various academic backgrounds should study sport ethics, exchange ideas on theory and methodology, and spread results of studies through education, guiding through the development of sports. [목적] 본고는 하나의 학문으로서 스포츠윤리학의 정체성과 의의를 성찰하는 근본적인 목적을 가지고, 스포츠윤리학이 어디에서부터 시작되고, 어떻게 성장해 왔으며, 현재 어떠한 위치에 와 있고, 향후 어떻게 나아갈 것인지, 그리고 나아가야 하는지에 대해 구체적으로 살펴보고자 한다. [방법] 이를 위해, 먼저 스포츠윤리학의 부모 학문이라 할 수 있는 스포츠철학의 역사를 살펴보고, 둘째, 스포츠철학의 역사적 과정에서 스포츠윤리학의 등장과 그 배경을 분석하며, 셋째, 스포츠윤리 연구의 주요 방법론과 이론적 틀을 고찰하고, 끝으로 국내 스포츠윤리학의 과제와 전망을 제시하였다. [결과] 향후 스포츠윤리학은 다양한 학문과 연구방법을 종합하는 융합적인 접근방법으로 나아갈 것으로 예측되며, 또한 앞으로 스포츠윤리학은 이론과 실천이 긴밀하게 연결된 학문으로서 나아가야 한다. 국내 스포츠윤리학이 당면한 과제는 스포츠윤리학의 학문적 정체성 정립이다. 이를 위해서는 한국 스포츠윤리학이 연구해야 될 지향점을 찾고, 스포츠윤리학의 연구영역과 연구방법론, 그리고 그 근간이 되는 이론적 틀을 도출하는 연구가 활성화되어야 할 것이다. [결론] 어떤 학문 분야의 성립과 성공적인 발전은 그것을 전공하는 학자들, 그들의 수많은 연구물과 실제 현장에서의 실천적 성과, 다양하고 현실적인 정책적·제도적 뒷받침, 그리고 그 학문의 연구내용과 방법론에 대한 지속적인 논의와 합의들이 축적되었을 때 가능한 일이다. 스포츠윤리학도 다양한 학자들이 스포츠에서 발생하는 윤리적 이슈와 쟁점에 대해 연구하고, 연구자간 학술적 교류를 통해 이론적 기반과 연구방법의 타당성을 지속적으로 논의하며, 그것이 실제 현장에 보급·확산되어 스포츠의 바람직한 발전과 방향을 제시하는 나침반의 역할을 할 수 있을 때, 학(學)으로서의 체계와 위상을 정립하고 그 전문성도 제고할 수 있을 것이다.

Daoism`s Body-thinking and Sports Ideology of Inner-transcendence

( Songbo He ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: As the representatives of Daoism, Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi, Lie Zi, etc. have the same opinions on the mind-body monism with Confucianism, but their body-thinking is quite unique. The article researches the sports ideology from the aspect of the bodies, to discuss mainly Daoist’s body structure, body function and body disposal, excavate the body-thinking and the inner-transcendence of its sports ideology, refresh the traditional sports culture, develop the value influence of eastern sports culture, finally expect Daoist’s view of sports ideology can provide the possibility for modern sports to deal with the crisis regarding the response to risks. Result: During the Pre-Qin period when Daoism prevailed, not so much about sports were talked by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi while Daoist’s view is always related to the body activities and it is obsessed with ”Whisht and Active; With and Without; hard and soft; virtual and real” as opposite and complementary ideology and inspect the lives and creatures from Daoist’s view. In bare several sports records, Zhuang Zi mostly chose to let Daoist’s ideology transcend body activities directly. 1. Daoist’s view of body-thinking (1) Perception of body structure Compared with the perception of body structure in view of Confucianist, Daoist’s perception appears to have more guidance meanings to anatomy. Through the self-review from Qi Wu Discussion Zhuang Zi, in the question towards “hundreds of skeleton, nine orifices, six organs, who should I be close to?”, it shows that people consists of hundreds of skeletons, nine orifices (eye, ear, nose, mouth, uretha, anus) and six main internal organs inside the body(heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, Mingmen). The body construction manifested by Daoist is more specific than what is manifested by Confucianist, while from the body functions corresponded from the body construction, like heart to mouth(talk), live to eye(see), kidney to foot(walk) and etc., its coincidence with the perception of body structure from medical science in Chinese ancient times can be seen. (2) Perception of Body Function Lao Zi praised body to be a unprecedented level and the body function is greatly influenced especially the body in dynamic development. Lao Zi proposed that people’s body function is the most optimized stage at babyhood period and he regarded newborn boy as the model ideal body. The body function of Lao Zi is thoroughly handed down and developed at Zhuang Zi. Similarly to Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi also believed babyhood as a optimistic stage for body development. What is the more valuable is that Zhuang Zi, to some degree he is nihilistic , is not abandoning either of body or Qi. He believes that an intact life is surely an organic whole of both body and mental function. (3) Body disposal In the long period of life journey, the emphasis from people to life, the changes to death and the attitudes and the maintenance to the body can be included into the scope of body disposal of Daoist. Lao Zi exceptionally emphasized the individual life. He proposed that “Which is closer or more important to you, is it fame or body? Which is more, body or goods?”,Chapter 44, Lao Zi. Zhuang Zi inherited the “Hua(change)” idea. He treats the natural process of body via the idea of “change” and also treat with “living and death” with a philosophical idea. Everyone should go through sickness and growing old. The characters depicted by Zhuang Zi are not only rejected or afraid of death, even they show a attitude of philosophical and appreciating status. 2. Inner-transcendence of Daoism The life philosophy of emphasis on female and fragile property is vividly noticed from the transition from the body function to the inner-transcendence of Daoist’s ideology, the inner-transcendence is life philosophy which stems from body when it acts on the body in the meantime. In Daoist’s view, the body is structured from the intangible power and the body function needs recover to the life itself to the greatest degree. It respects life, accustoms to the changes as well as moderate sports. In a manner of speaking, it is during the observation and reference to the comprehensiveness and experience to the body, Daoist’s body-thinking spreads to the field of sports: it abandons the show off body strength, advocate unknowing of the strength; abandon the external assessment of athletic performance, advocate comprehensive mental quality.Thus, the most initiating part of Daoist’s view of sports ideology is the relating exposition included regarding the inner-transcendence. The inner-transcendence takes the body and activity function, while it digs more deeply mentally. It is manifested into 3 forms: Firstly, it pursues the obscurity and skills of Qi; secondly, it focuses on the fascination of sports spirit; thirdly, it emphasizes the psychological factors showed in sports. Conclusion: The life philosophy showed from Daoist’s body-thinking, featured on health maintenance but exercise; inner cultivation but pursuing outside changes; hiding but dominance, guides the development of traditional sports which has a theme of health maintenance and the sports-thinking reflected by the inner-transcendence prefers to keep the mentally quite and comfortable state in the meantime, supplementing deep breathing and activities, return to life’s genuine state and provide the possibility for risk responses by modern sports. Main stream of modern sports highlights competition, utility and efficiency, and the possibility of extreme loss of humanity may happen during the pursuit of extremity of body and heart while Daoist’s view of body-thinking pursues the nature with a ideal state of constructed quite and fame-neglecting of Daoism. With the guidance of this concept, to thoroughly avoid the competitiveness and utility is a transcendence to the utility of main stream in modern sports, which makes the subject of sports is subtly free of the tense and harsh environment of sports competition. To be more deeply speaking, Daoist’s natural body-thinking gives modern sports a chance of seeking and enjoying the natural peace from the view of Daoism and help the limited creatures and lives find out the eternal reason for being cherished.

E-sports Talent Cultivation Research by Incorporating E-Sports into College Physical Education System

( Keqing Sheng ),( Fei Chang ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: The research aims to explore the feasibility of incorporating e-sports into college physical education from the perspective of college physical education disciplinary construction and program development. The research is conducted in combination with the close linkage between the development of e-sports and industrial economy, the characteristics of the athletes at stage of entrance education and the consideration for constructing college e-sports talents cultivation mode. It is expected that the incorporation of e-sports into college physical education can help achieve a systematic and standard management of e-sports talent cultivation like other traditional sports items, allowing the excellent talents in this field to acquire a national education certificate and enjoy a systematic guarantee over their profession and other interests. Method: Such methods have been adopted in this research as the collection of literature data and network information and the method of comparative study. The research has been provided with a strong theoretical basis by collecting literature data and network information, the papers, thesis and news on the development of e-sports on campus and social needs for talents, as well as the related research findings at home and abroad in the approaches of manual and electronic retrieval. By differentiating e-sports from the traditional sports items and taking reference from the training method of the traditional sports talents in college, the research has made a concentrated consideration on how to construct e-sports talents cultivation mode in college. Result: Judged from the degree of social recognition, e-sports is close to video games in terms of definition. Under the effects of social negative view on video game, e-sports are not receiving a high degree of social recognition. Although it has developed to be a mainstream culture in South Korea, e-sports, as a global cultural phenomenon, needs a recognition from the organizations or institutes with more public trust in world , and a better environment for its development and talent cultivation. In the second place, there are groups of career athletes engaged in e-sports in Europe and America and even some Asian countries. They are basically aged between 16 and 25 and generally have a low education background, due to the lack of corresponding academic programs in universities. As a result, these athletes usually have to suffer from a series of problems at their later job career, like the insufficient school education and professional recognition, difficult occupation transfer and shortage of social system guarantee. In the third place ,Wonderful e-sports games not only require the athletes with consummate skills, and also the professional team managers, sports event organizers and the journalists, especially after South Korea constantly moves e-sports events into exhibition match. For example, e-sports games commentators, besides their great e-sports skill and cultural cultivation, tend to understand the strategic and tactic ideas of the athletes and know how to clearly express the ideas to the audience. Team manager or the journalists can be the profession to be pursued by the athletes after their retirement. In the fourth place, E-sports athletes and related talents are now basically cultivated by club training under the development of industrial economy and their self-growth, without an accurate and scientific cultivation mode and approach to make sure a steady yield of reserve talents. From the perspective of sports discipline, the development of e-sports cannot only limited to technical exchange, but also concerns theoretic research, and the development of the management science and pedagogy. In the fifth place, by taking reference from sports talents cultivation mode in the U.S. and Australia, college e-sports talents cultivation: ①set admission requirement with the criterion of the athletes specialized in sports and select the recruits from social cultivation;②establish an curriculum system combining professional training and academic education by way of "college-enterprise cooperation" for the e-sports athletes and related talents in college, to realize the respective cultivations for e-sports athletes, team management talents and journalism by setting up different specific courses;③absorb e-sports postgraduates, and apply the athletic tactics and strategies of the active and retired athletes into traditional sports items with the help of e-sports software. Conclusion: Firstly, e-sports talents cultivation after the incorporation of e-sports into college physical education system has its social, cultural and educational values. The combination of information technology and sports has endowed e-sports with a positive significance in discipline integration, expanded the scope of traditional sports teaching; and the independent major setup of e-sports has strengthened national and social recognition. Secondly, e-sports talents cultivation after the incorporation of e-sports into college physical education system is a supporting measure for the athletes themselves. The e-sports education in college aims to construct a joint cultivation mode mainly for e-sports athletes and secondly for related management staff, in view of different quality and aptitude of the students and the future development demands of e-sports. In this mode, the excellent e-sports athletes can be provided with the chance for postgraduate education, and the social status of e-sports can be raised by combining together with the traditional sports. Lastly, e-sports talents cultivation by incorporating e-sports into college physical education system is virtually combining e-sports talents social cultivation and college education. College cultivation can guarantee a more accurate career planning for e-sports talents, offer instructive suggestions for both the active and retired athletes, and make them easier to be recognized in profession and education background.

e스포츠 빅데이터에 대한 스포츠심리 접근 방안: 리그오브레전드를 중심으로

이환호,윤인애 한국스포츠학회 2023 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study is to propose an approach to sports psychology for e-sports big data. The research was conducted through a literature review. Despite the global interest in e-sports, there is still a lack of established sports scientific systems to manage the performance of e-sports players. Particularly, the field of psychology has been limited in its research scope due to methodological issues, not breaking free from traditional frameworks. The accessibility to big data has improved due to Riot Games' data sharing policy, particularly in the case of League of Legends. The natural activity data in League of Legends enables a convergence of model-driven analysis and data-driven analysis. This study suggests conceptualizing, validating, and standardizing psychological competency concepts centered around League of Legends' natural activity data. Through this, the e-sports industry can establish competency systems, expanding the scope of expert activities in performance management and training program development. The field of sports psychology may extend its influence from traditional sports to the broader domain of e-sports. Additionally, e-sports big data can provide an opportunity for researchers in the traditional sports field to explore topics that were challenging due to the difficulty in generating and accessing big data in conventional sports.

생활스포츠 참여 노인의 참여동기가 스포츠 가치인식에 미치는 영향

김백윤(Kim Baegyun) 한국여가복지학회 2020 여가복지경영연구(여가복지) Vol.1 No.2

본 연구는 고령자 스포츠 활동의 참여동기가 스포츠에 대한 가치인식에 영향을 미치는 정도를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 J시에 소재한 사회복지회관 및 노인대학의 스포츠 활동 프로그램에 참여하는 65세 이상 고령자 354명을 표집하여 얻은 설문자료를 다중회귀분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 스포츠 참여 노인의 참여동기의 사교성, 성취감, 소속감, 건강체력 요인이 스포츠 가치인식의 고독감 해소에 대해 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 참여 노인의 참여동기의 사교성, 성취감, 소속감, 건강체력 요인이 스포츠 가치인식의 체력증진에 대해 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스포츠 참여 노인의 참여동기의 사교성, 성취감, 소속감, 건강체력 요인이 스포츠 가치인식의 정신건강에 대해 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 스포츠 참여노인의 참여동기의 사교성, 성취감, 소속감, 건강체력 요인이 스포츠 가치인식의 용이성에 대해 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of participations of sport activities participation incentive on the recognition value in Elderly. The questionnaire survey was conducted with elderly who were over 65-years-old, men and women at the social welfare center and senior university in J city. Finally 354 questionnaires were distributed by convenience sampling method and were analyze collected data by using multi-regression analysis. As the results of the analysis, the findings of this study were as follows. First, Sports participation, sociability, a sense of accomplishment in the same period the participation of the elderly, sports values of awareness of belonging, physical health factors affecting positive note about relieving loneliness. Second, Sociability in the same period the involvement of sports participation for the elderly, health, sense of belonging and physical fitness for health factors in perception be careful about increasing stamina of a positive impact value of sport. Third, Sociability in the same period the involvement of sports participation for the elderly, health, sense of belonging and physical fitness for health factors in perception meaningful positive impact on mental health of the value of sport. Fourth, Sociability in the same period the involvement of sports participation for the elderly, health, sense of belonging and physical fitness for health factors in perception be careful about the ease of a positive impact value of sport.

스포츠권과 한국 스포츠법의 체계

김상겸(Kim, Sang-Kyum) 韓國土地公法學會 2011 土地公法硏究 Vol.54 No.-

현대사회에서 스포츠는 인간의 삶에 한 부분을 차지하고 영향력을 발휘하고 있다. 사람들은 인터넷이나 방송매체를 통하여 스포츠경기를 시청하고, 건강을 위하여 스포츠활동을 한다. 이렇게 스포츠는 현대인의 삶에 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 그 뿐만 아니라 스포츠는 국가경제의 한 축이 되고 있다. 스포츠경기나 스포츠활동은 스포츠시설을 필요로 하고, 이로 인하여 스포츠용품의 생산이나 스포츠시설의 건설을 위한 건축 등 스포츠산업은 스포츠의 발전과 함께 지속적으로 성장하고 있다. 스포츠가 갖고 있는 이러한 모습은 국가가 스포츠에 대하여 어떤 태도를 취해야 할 것인지 분명하게 보여준다. 국가는 국민경제와 국민의 삶에 파고든 스포츠에 대하여 어떤 형태로든 관여할 수밖에 없다. 스포츠가 국가와 국민에 미치는 영향이나 차지하는 비중이 클수록 스포츠에 대한 국가의 책무는 커질 수밖에 없다. 모든 국가작용이 법에 근거하는 법치국가에서 스포츠에 대한 국가의 책무는 법에 근거하여 이행되어야 한다. 그렇기 때문에 우리나라는 스포츠에 관하여 실정법체계를 구축하고 이를 시행하고 있다. 실정법의 정점에 있는 헌법은 스포츠에 대하여 직접적인 명문의 규정은 두고 있지 않다. 그렇지만 스포츠의 기능이나 스포츠가 차지하는 사회적 영향력을 고려할 때, 이에 대한 헌법적 근거를 찾아야 한다. 현행 헌법에서는 국민의 기본적 권리와 관련하여 스포츠권에 대해서는 행복추구권으로부터 도출시키고 있다. 또한 직업스포츠와 관련해서는 직업의 자유로부터 그 근거를 찾고 있다. 그리고 현대사회에서 스포츠를 문화의 한 현상이라고 할 때 문화국가원리로부터 그 근거를 찾고 있다. 이러한 헌법의 기본원리나 규정을 근거로 하여 국가는 스포츠정책을 수립하고 스포츠의 진흥과 발전을 위한 스포츠관련법의 체계를 구축하고 있다. 스포츠와 관련해서는 이미 오래 전 국민체육진흥법과 체육시설의 설치.이용에 관한 법률이 제정되어 시행되고 있다. 또한 스포츠산업과 관련하여 스포츠산업진흥법이 시행되고 있다. 그리고 올림픽이나 아시안게임 등 국제경기대회가 개최될 때마다, 이에 대한 국가지원을 위하여 특별법을 제정하여 시행하였다. 그러나 스포츠에 관한 사회환경이나 여건이 급속도로 변하고 있는 상황에서 현행 스포츠실정법이 시대에 맞지 않아 많은 문제가 발생하고 있다. 그런 점에서 학계에서는 몇 년 전부터 스포츠기본법을 제정하고 스포츠관련법을 정비해야 한다고 주장하였다. 이에 대하여 정부 역시 스포츠관련법의 정비를 위하여 노력하고 있다. 향 후 스포츠관련법은 시대변화에 상응하여 국민의 스포츠권과 스포츠선수의 권리보호, 스포츠조직의 효율성을 극대화하는 방향으로 개선되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 정부는 스포츠기본법을 제정하고 스포츠관련법을 정비하는 작업을 신속하게 진행해야 한다. Sports occupies an influential part of human life in the modern society. People watch sports through media, and do sports for their health. Moreover, sports has become an important component of national economy. Sport matches or sport activities require related facilities, whose establishment leads to a constant development of the sports industry. These aspects of sports clearly identify the attitude the state must have toward it. Since the sports domain has an important influence on the economy and people’s lives, the state faces responsibility to intervene in it. The more the influence of sports on nation, the bigger the state takes responsibility of it. In a law-governed(Constitutional) State where every state action base itself on law, the responsibility of state toward sports as well should be clarified and implemented based on law. As a law-governed nation, Korea has established and implemented positive law system regarding sports. The constitution which ranks the highest in the positive law system does not directly state provisions on sports. However, considering the functions and social consequences of sports, a constitutional ground for related policies and law would have to be clarified. From the current constitution is the right to sports referred from the right to pursuit of happiness. Focusing on sports as an occupation, the right to it is referred from the freedom of occupation. Regarding it as a cultural phenomenon, the principle of a cultural state provides basis as well. Based on the basic principles or provisions in the constitution, state establishes sports policies and related system of laws in order to encourage the development of sports. ‘The National Sports Encouragement Act’ and ‘The Law on the Establishment and Use of Sports Facilities’ with a long history are the examples. Regarding the sports industry, the ‘The Law on Encouragement of Sports Industry’ exists as well. Related special laws were also enacted additionally in the occasion of international sports matches such as the Olympics or the Asian Game. However, the current sports positive law contains several problems as well due to the rapidly changing circumstances. The academic world has made arguments from this perspective that ‘the Sports Basic Law’ and its related laws should be revised and revamped. The government has shown related efforts as well. The future sports related law should be improved reflecting change in era to protect the rights of people and sports players, and to maximize the efficiency of sports organizations. Government should continue working fast on establishing basic law and its related laws for the cause.

스포츠 지도자의 인구통계학적 특성과 고용의 질 유형의 관계

김혜진(Kim, Hye Jin),이원미(Lee, Won Mi) 한국스포츠사회학회 2023 한국스포츠사회학회지 Vol.36 No.2

이 연구는 스포츠 노동시장의 지도자를 대상으로 고용의 질 유형을 분석하고 지도자의 개인적 특성과 고용의 질 유형의 관계를 알아보고자 전국 시군구 체육회, 대한체육회 정회원 종목 단체, 공공 및 민간 스포츠클럽과 센터, 학교운동부, 기타 스포츠 조직 및 기관에 소속된 지도자를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 회수된 설문지 중 분석자료로 부적절하다고 판단되는 61명의 자료를 제외하고 280명의 유효 표본을 자료 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 데이터를 바탕으로 Mplus 8.9를 활용하여 잠재계층분석과 SPSS 26.0을 활용하여 교차분석, 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스포츠 지도자의 고용의 질에 따른 잠재계층분석을 실시한 결과, ‘불안정형’ 일자리(45.7%), ‘안정보장형’ 일자리(28.6%), ‘노동가치지향형’ 일자리(25.7%)로 구분되었으며, 스포츠 지도자의 연령, 소재지, 혼인 여부, 체육 분야, 소속, 종목에 따라 고용의 질 유형에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 지도자의 인구통계학적 특성과 고용의 질 유형의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 지도자의 연령, 소재지, 혼인 여부, 체육 분야, 소속, 종목이 고용의 질 유형에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 스포츠 노동시장 내 고용 위기와 관련한 많은 문제가 발생하고 있는 현시점에서, 스포츠 지도자의 고용의 질 현황을 파악하고 인구통계학적 특성과 고용의 질 유형의 관계를 분석하는 것은 스포츠 노동시장 내 존재하는 다차원적 불평등을 파악하는데 기여하고, 추후 고용 안정 및 처우개선과 관련된 정책 개발 등에서 의미있는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine the type of employment quality of instructors in the sports labour market and to analyze the relationship between the personal characteristics of instructors and the type of employment quality. The data were collected from instructors belonging to the national sports association, the Korean sports association, the public and private sports clubs and centers, the school athletic team, and other sports organizations. Based on the collected questionnaires, 280 valid samples were used for data analysis, excluding 61 data that were deemed inappropriate for research. Based on the collected data, Mplus 8.9 was used for latent class analysis, while SPSS 26.0 was used for cross-analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis, and the conclusions are as follows. The latent class was classified into three types according to their employment quality: unstable job (45.7%), stability guaranteed job (28.6%), and labour value oriented job (25.7%). Sports instructors employment quality differs based on their age, work area, marital status, field, affiliation, and sport. Second, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the relationship between the demographic characteristics of sports instructors and the type of employment quality. The age, location, marital status, field, affiliation, and sports of instructors had a significant effect on the type of employment quality. Analyzing the relationship between personal characteristics and the type of employment quality of sports instructors contributes to the understanding of the multidimensional inequality within the sports labour market. It may be used as a meaningful basis for establishing policies to improve job security and treatment.