국내산 및 수입산 참돔의 중금속 함량 및 항산화 활성과 세포독성 효과 비교

황성연(Seong Yeon Hwang),배진한(Jin Han Bae),임선영(Sun-Young Lim) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구에서는 국내에서 주로 소비되는 국내산 및 수입산 참돔의 일반성분과 중금속 함량을 비교 분석하였고 생리활성을 비교하기 위하여 참돔을 용매의 극성에 따라 추출하여 항산화 및 세포독성 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 수입산과 비교했을 때 국내산 참돔은 높은 함량의 수분과 낮은 함량의 조지방, 조단백질 및 회분을 나타내었다. 국내산 및 수입산 참돔의 중금속 함량을 비교한 결과 원산지에 따른 유의적 차이를 보였으며 국내산 참돔의 수은 함량은 0.08 mg/kg으로 수입산 참돔보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으나 납의 경우 원산지에 따른 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 국내산 및 수입산 참돔의 A+M 및 MeOH 추출물을 인체 섬유육종세포(HT-1080)에 처리하였을 때, 세포 내 활성산소종 생성 저해효과를 살펴 본 실험 결과, 국내산 및 수입산 참돔 추출물들에 의한 활성산소종 생성 억제효과를 비교해 보면 수입산 참돔 추출물에 의한 저해효과가 높았으며 두 추출물들 중 MeOH 추출물에 의한 저해효과가 높았음을 알 수 있었다. 인체 암세포들(AGS 및 HT-29)들에 대한 세포독성 활성 결과에서 AGS 암세포의 경우 국내산 참돔 A+M 및 MeOH 추출물들에 의한 세포독성 효과가 수입산 참돔A+M 추출물들보다 높았다. HT-29 암세포에 대해서는 국내산 참돔A+M 추출물에 의한 세포독성 효과가 수입산 참돔 A+M 추출물에 의한 것보다 높았고 MeOH 추출물에 의한 세포독성 효과는 유사했다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 기초자료로 하여 향후 참돔의 다양한 생리활성 규명이 필요하다고 사료된다. This study compared the heavy metal contents and the effects of extracts from domestic and imported red sea bream on the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of human cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activity was measured using the fluorescently sensitive dye, 2"-7" dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA), and antiproliferative activity against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma and HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines, which was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Domestic red sea bream had a higher mercury content when compared to imported red sea bream, but there was no significant difference in the lead content. Treatments with acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from domestic and imported red sea bream dose-dependently decreased the H2O2 induced ROS production, compared to the control. The cell viability showed that treatments with the A+M and MeOH extracts had cytotoxicity in the growth of AGS and T-29 cancer cells. In the case of AGS, the extracts from the domestic red sea bream were higher in inhibiting cancer cell growth, compared to imported red sea bream. Our results demonstrate that the heavy metal contents of domestic and imported red sea bream were below the limit of the Food Code of Korea. The results of the biological activities indicate that the antioxidant activity of extracts from imported red sea bream was more effective, while the extracts from the domestic red sea bream were stronger in cytotoxic activity.

Megalocytivirus 감염 해산 어류에서 나타나는 임상증상의 정량적 변화 분석

진지웅 ( Ji Woong Jin ),조혜진 ( Hye Jin Cho ),김광일 ( Kwang Il Kim ),정준범 ( Joon Bum Jeong ),박경현 ( Gyeong Hyun Park ),정현도 ( Hyun Do Jeong ) 한국어병학회 2011 한국어병학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Megalocytivirus 감염 시 나타나는 임상적 증상의 정량적인 분석을 위하여, 돌돔에서 분리된 megalocytivirus IVS-1을 돌돔성어와 치어에 인위 감염시켰다. 그 결과 spleen index가 각각 4.49±1.13 와 4.85±1.06로 나타났으며, 이것은 정상어에 비해 3배 이상 증가한 값이었다. 폐사율은 돌돔성어와 치어에서 모두 100% 폐사한 반면 참돔치어는 30일이 지나도 60%의 폐사만 나타나 돌돔폐사율에 비해 낮은 폐사율을 나타냈다. 또한 IVS-1을 감염시킨 빈사상태의 참돔치어는 spleen index가 동일 크기의 돌돔치어 보다 낮은 1.47±0.87을 보였다. Real-time PCR을 이용하여 감염의 진행에 따른 바이러스 농도를 측정 한 결과, 돌돔치어와 성어의 감염 조직 내 바이러스 최고 농도는 각각 2.03×10(7) copies/mg과 2.40×10(7) copies/mg으로 비슷하였으나 돌돔성어에서 먼저 최고치에 도달하였다. 더구나 비장의 비정형비대세포의 수 역시 돌돔치어의 경우 지속적으로 증가한 반면 돌돔성어의 경우 최고치에 도달 후 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 megalocytivirus 감염 시 조직의 형태적 변화와 조직 내의 바이러스 농도와 같은 임상적인 증상을 정량적인 분석을 통해 나타내었고 이러한 정량적인 수치와 megalocytivirus 감염의 진행 정도와의 상관관계에 대해 조사하였다. In quantitative studies of clinical signs, rock bream of adults and juveniles infected with Megalocytivirus IVS-1 isolated from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) in Korea showed average 4.49±1.13 and 4.85±1.06 of spleen index respectively. In challenge experiments, Megalocytivirus IVS-1 induced 100% cumulative mortality in both adult and juvenile rock bream. However we found 60% cumulative mortality in juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major) even after 30 days of injection, which contradicted with the results of other laboratories. Interestingly, IVS-1 infected red sea bream of the same juvenile size with rock bream showed lower spleen index compared to that of rock bream. In real-time PCR, there was continuous increasing of the numbers of viral copies (2.03×10(7) copies/mg) in the spleen of juvenile rock bream infected, which were different from those in adult rock bream showing plateau level after reaching to the peak level. Moreover, enlarged cell numbers in the infected spleen were also increased continuously in the juvenile but not in adult of rock bream, even decreased after reaching to peak level. Consequently, significant differences in clinical signs: cumulative mortality. spleen index and viral copy number were found between rock bream and red sea bream, but not between adult and juvenile rock bream. Certainly quantitative expression of clinical sign as in this study may be a way to compare the progression of megalocitiviral disease more accurately in different species or physiological conditions.

도미와 유사어종의 식품학적 특성비교 분석에 관한 연구

정지용(Ji-Yong Chung),정영미(Young Mi Jung) 한국조리학회 2017 한국조리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 도미회의 원료판별 및 도미유사어종간의 품질을 비교하였다. 도미 및 도미유사어종의 일반 성분을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 근육 수분 함량, 단백질 함량 및 지방 함량 K, P, C는 도미의 근육에서 비교적 높은 값을 보였다. Fe는 함량이 낮았다. 중금속 성분을 측정한 결과, 도미와 숭어에서는 Cd가 검출되지 않았다. 붉은 광산에서 0.01±0.00 mg/kg이 검출되었다. 다른 중금속은 기준치 이하이거나 검출되지 않았습니다. 전기영동 결과, 붉은 띠무늬의 66∼55 kDa에서 나타난다. 도미와 가숭어의 경우, 밴드의 독특한 특징은 보이지 않았습니다. 도미의 경우 유사한 어류와 도미 물고기 사이에 식품 과학에 큰 차이가 없으나, 도미회가 비싼 가격으로 유통되고 있다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 소비자의 안전한 음식 섭취와 올바른 유통문화 확산이 이뤄지길 바란다. 식품성분 분석 자료의 공유와 구별법을 교육하여 소비자가 원하는 가격으로 식재료를 구입할 수 있는 환경이 조성되어지길 바란다. 나아가 도미 외 타어종의 식품판별과 식품학적 연구가 연구되어지길 바란다. This study was conducted to compare the food quality of domesticated species. Consumers surveyed for safe food intake and proper culture of food distribution. The results of the comparison study are as follows. Muscle moisture content, protein content, and fat content. K, P, and C showed relatively high values in the muscle of the sea bream. Fe showed low contents. As a result of measuring heavy metal component, Cd was not detected in sea bream and mullet, but 0.01±0.00 mg/kg was detected in red mine. Other heavy metals were below the reference value or were not detected. Electrophoresis results showed that the band appeared at in red minefish. In the case of sea bream and swordfish, no distinctive features of the band were shown. In the case of sea bream, there was little difference in food science between the similar fish species and the red sea bream fish, but price was different. An environment should be created for consumers to buy the right ingredients at the price they want. It is necessary to educate consumers about food ingredients immediately.

Molecular Characterization of Interferon Regulatory Factor 10 in Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major) and Expression Analysis Following RSIV Infection

우원식,강경식,김경호,손하정,손민영,한현자,박찬일 한국수산해양교육학회 2023 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.35 No.3

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) exhibit antiviral and antibacterial capabilities. In this research, we isolated the IRF10 genes from red sea bream (Pagrus major) and examined their expression following red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) infection. Analysis of multiple sequences identified preserved components, such as the IRF-association domain, nuclear localization signal, and DNA-binding domain. Phylogenetic examination showed that PmIRF10 grouped with IRF10 equivalents in fish. We utilized quantitative real-time PCR to explore IRF10 expression in normal tissues, revealing increased expression levels in the gill and spleen. Our results indicate that PmIRF10 plays a role in the immune response, as evidenced by the controlled expression levels of IRFs after RSIV infection in red sea bream. This finding aligns with prior research on different fish species. Overall, this investigation characterizes IRF genes in red sea bream and provides a basis for comparative analysis of IRF genes.

Amoxacillin의 경구투여에 따른 양식 어류(넙치, 조피볼락, 참돔)의 근육조직내 잔류량의 변화

정희식,김석,민원기,이후장,Chung, Hee-Sik,Kim, Suk,Min, Won-Gi,Lee, Hu-Jang 한국식품위생안전성학회 2006 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The residue depletion of amoxicillin was investigated in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and red sea bream (Pagrus major) after 7 days treatment with medicated feed at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw/day. Fishes were sampled for muscle on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th day after treatment. Amoxicillin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. The recovery rates of amoxicillin in muscle samples ranged 84.3-101.3% and 75.0-91.5% for the concentration of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Amoxicillin concentrations detected on 1st day after treatment were 0.137, 0.131, and 0.172 mg/kg in the muscle of olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream, respectively. After a withdrawal of 3 days, muscle concentrations were 0.012, 0.010, and 0.017 mg/kg in the olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream, respectively. Amoxicillin was not detectable in muscle samples on 4 days following withdrawal of the medicated feed. From results of the present study, a withdrawal period of amoxicillin is proposed on 4 days after 7 days treatment with medicated feed at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw/day to avoid the presence of excessive residues of the edible muscles of olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream. Amoxicillin을 넙치, 조피볼락 그리고 참돔에 각각 400 mg/kg bw/day의 용량으로 7일 동안 사료와 혼합하여 경구 투여한 다음, 휴약기간 동안 근육조직 내 잔류 분포를 조사하였다. 실험어는 해수 중에서 일정한 크기의 케이지에 일반 상업용 사료를 주어 사육하였고, 실험에 사용하기에 앞서 15일 동안 환경에 적응시켰다. 약제 투여 후, 근육시료는 1, 2, 3, 4, 그리고 5일에 각각의 실험어를 대상으로 채취하였다. Amoxicillin의 잔류분석은 형광검출기를 부착한 고속액체크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분석하였다. Amoxicillin의 회수율은, 0.05mg/kg의 농도에서 84.3-101.3%, 0.1mg/kg의 농도에서는 75.0-91.5%를 보였다. 투약 후 1일에는, 참돔의 근육 중 amoxicillin의 잔류농도가 넙치와 조피볼락의 근육 중 잔류농도에 비하여 높았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었으며, 투약 후 4일에는, 모든 근육 시료에서 amoxicillin이 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터, amoxicillin의 사료혼합을 통한 경구 투여는 넙치, 조피볼락 그리고 참돔의 근육 중에서 안전휴약기간(7일) 보다도 체래 소실이 빨리 일어나는 것으로 추정되는 바, 안전휴약기간을 준수한다면 amoxicillin의 어류 근육 조직 내 잔류로부터 안전할 것으로 사료된다.

Muscle Tissue Distribution Level after Dipping Administration of Neomycin in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major)

Hee Sik Chung,Won Chul Jung,Dong Hyeok Kim,Ho Yeong Shon,Jeong Ju Lim,Gon Sup Kim,Suk Kim,Hu Jang Lee 한국실험동물학회 2007 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.23 No.4

After one day treatment with dipping water at a dose of neomycin 140 ㎎/ton water, the residue depletion of neomycin was investigated in cultured marine fishes olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and red sea bream (Pagrus major). Muscles of fishes were sampled on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th day after treatment. Concentrations of neomycin in muscles were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after SPE column extraction. The recovery rates of neomycin in muscle samples ranged from 78.4 to 84.3% for the concentration of neomycin 0.1 ㎎/㎏, and from 82.5 to 94.7% for the concentration of 0.2 ㎍/g. On the 1st day after treatment, neomycin concentrations were 0.125, 0.117, and 0.142 ㎍/g in muscles of olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream, respectively. Residue concentrations of all samples were decreased to lower than 0.1 ㎍/g, the detection limit, on day 2. According to the results of the present study, a withdrawal period of neomycin is proposed on 3 days after one day treatment with dipping administration at a dose of 140 ㎎/ton water to avoid the presence of excessive residues of the edible muscles of olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream.

여름철 참돔(Pagrus major)의 절식에 따른 생존과 생리적 반응

이정용 ( Jeong Yong Lee ),이정환 ( Jung Hwan Lee ),허준욱 ( Jun Wook Hur ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2016 한국수산과학회지 Vol.49 No.5

A 60-day experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding and starvation on the survival, growth, and blood parameters of red sea bream, Pagrus major. The starved group was not fed during the first 32 days of the experiment and was then fed for 28 days. The growth rate of the starved fish group was significantly lower than that of the fed fish group. Starvation resulted in growth retardation and reductions in final body weight, growth rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor, whereas the fed fish group grew well and maintained a good condition. The growth rate of the starved group that was refed was higher than that of the fed group. Red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin showed no significant differences between the fed and starved groups. The cortisol and glucose levels of the fed group of juveniles were higher than those of the starved group. The cortisol levels of the starved group of adults were higher than those of the fed group, whereas the glucose levels of the starved group were lower than those of the fed group. These results suggest that the survival, growth, and hematological parameters used to reflect starvation and feeding in this study provide a useful index of physiological response and survival rate in red sea bream.

First description of programmed cell death10 (PDCD10) in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Potential relations to the regulation of apoptosis by several pathogens

Kim, J.W.,Jeong, J.M.,Bae, J.S.,Cho, D.H.,Jung, S.H.,Hwang, J.Y.,Kwon, M.G.,Seo, J.S.,Baeck, G.W.,Park, C.I. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science 2016 DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.55 No.-

<P>In this study, we isolated and characterized programmed cell death10 (PDCD10), which is known to be related to apoptosis, from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). The full-length rock bream PDCD10 (RbPDCD10) cDNA (1459 bp) contains an open reading frame of 633 bp that encodes 210 amino acids. Furthermore, multiple alignments revealed that the six of the a-helix bundles were well conserved among the other PDCD10 sequences tested. RbPDCD10 was significantly expressed in the liver, RBC (red blood cell), gill, intestine, trunk kidney and spleen. RbPDCD10 gene expression was also examined in several tissues, including the kidney, spleen, liver, and gill, under bacterial and viral challenges. Generally, all of the examined tissues from the fish that were infected with Edwardsiella tarda and the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) exhibited significant up-regulations of RbPDCD10 expression compared to the controls. However, RbPDCD10 expression exhibited dramatic down-regulations in all of the examined tissues following injections of Streptococcus iniae, which is major bacterial pathogen that is responsible for mass mortality in rock bream. Our results revealed that rock bream PDCD10 may be involved in the apoptotic regulation of rock bream immune responses. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

The first report of cathepsin A gene in a teleost (rock bream, <i>Oplegnathus fasciatus</i>): An investigation of immune functions upon infection with several pathogens

Kim, Ju-Won,Kong, Hee Jeong,Nam, Bo-Hye,Park, Jung Youn,Kim, Do-Hyung,Jeong, Ji-Min,Park, Chan-Il Elsevier 2017 DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.76 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We isolated and characterised a cDNA encoding the lysosomal protective protein (serine protease) cathepsin A (CTSA) from rock bream (<I>Oplegnathus fasciatus</I>). The full-length rock bream CTSA (RbCTSA) cDNA (1814 bp) contains an open reading frame of 1419 bp that encodes 472 amino acids. Alignment of multiple CTSA protein sequences revealed that the active site serine and histidine residues were well-conserved among the other CTSA sequences. RbCTSA is highly expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes, kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, gill, heart, brain, stomach, and eye. RbCTSA expression was also examined in several tissues, including whole kidneys and spleens, under bacterial and viral challenge. In general, all of the examined tissues that were infected with <I>Edwardsiella tarda</I>, <I>Streptococcus iniae</I>, or red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) exhibited significant upregulation of RbCTSA expression compared to the controls. Our results reveal that RbCTSA may be involved in the immune responses of rock bream.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The cathepsin A (CTSA) cDNA was identified from a rock bream. </LI> <LI> The active site serine and histidine residues were well-conserved within the aligned sequence. </LI> <LI> RbCTSA gene was significantly expressed in the kidney, spleen, gill and intestine. </LI> <LI> RbCTSA upregulation was observed in response to pathogen infections. </LI> </UL> </P>

적조발생시기 참돔의 절식과 사육밀도에 따른 성장과 혈액성상

김원진,이정용,신윤경,원경미 한국어류학회 2018 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

In order to minimize the damage on the red sea bream Pagrus major by a harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, we investigated the effect of feeding, starvation and stocking density on the survival rate, growth, growth restoration and physiological response of P. major exposure to C. polykrikoides. The experimental groups were divided into three groups such as F-HD (feeding and high density with 6.4 kg/m3), S-HD (starvation and high density with 6.4 kg/m3) and S-LD (starvation and low density with 3.2 kg/m3) according to stocking density and starvation in marine cage (11 m×11 m×5 m). The F-HD was fed throughout the experiment for 9 weeks, whereas S-HD and S-LD were not fed for 5 weeks and then refeeding for 4 weeks. Survival rate was the lowest in F-HD (85.5%) and S-LD was the highest (97.3%). The growth rates of S-HD and S-LD were significantly lower than F-HD during starvation period for 4 weeks, but rapidly recovered after feeding. The nutritional status such as ALB, TP, TCH, TG were similar to tendency of growth data. Ht, Hb, AST, ALT and GLU levels were significantly higher in the F-HD than in the starvation groups at the same time (in 3 week) during starvation period. But starvation groups did not differ during starvation period. As a result, F-HD is more sensitive to stress than S-HD and S-LD. Thus, during C. polykrikoides bloom period, starvation and stocking density control can help survival and growth restoration of the red sea bream. 본 연구는 매년 C. polykrikoides 적조에 의해 발생하는 양식어류 폐사의 피해를 최소화하기 위해 적조시기 참돔의 절식과 밀도의 영향을 조사하였다. 해상가두리 (11 m×11 m×5 m)에서 섭식-고밀도 (F-HD), 절식-고밀도 (S-HD), 절식-저밀도 (S-LD) 세 그룹으로 구분하여 5주간의 절식 후 4주간의 먹이공급을 통해 참돔의 생존율, 성장, 성장회복 그리고 혈액학적 변화를 조사한 결과, 생존율은 F-HD에서 85.5%로 가장 낮았고, S-LD는 97.3%로 높은 생존율을 보였다. 5주간의 절식기간 동안 두 절식구는 전장, 체중 성장률에서 마이너스 성장을 보여 섭식구와 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P<0.05). 하지만 먹이 재공급 후 두 절식구 모두 성장회복을 보였다. 특히 S-LD는 먹이 재공급 기간 동안 빠른 성장회복을 통해 보상성장 경향을 보였으며, 섭식구와 유의한 차이를 나타냈다 (P<0.05). ALB, TCHO, TP, TG 혈액분석을 통한 실험구의 영양상태는 절식구에서 섭식구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였지만 먹이 공급 후 실험개시 시 수준으로 빠르게 회복하였다. 스트레스와 생리활성 지표인 Ht, Hb, AST, ALT 그리고 GLU가 적조 노출 후 F-HD에서 동일한 시기에 급격히 상승하여, 적조시기 섭식, 고밀도 사육환경은 양식어류에게 더 민감한 사육환경으로 작용할 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 본 연구의 적조시기 절식과 밀도에 따른 생존율, 성장회복, 혈액성상을 통한 결과를 토대로, 적조 노출에 따른 절식과 밀도 조절이 사육어류 관리방안을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.