편측성 폐질환 환자의 체위변경이 생리적 지표에 미치는 영향

조지연,이향련 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of body positioning on PaO₂, SpO₂, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiration(above all defined physiologic index), of patients with unilateral lung disease. The subjects for this study were eleven patients admitted to I.C.U. of K.H.M.C. with a diagnosis of unilateral lung disease confirmed by chest X-ray and the attending doctor, from January 30th, to April 20th, 1999. A quasi-experimental repeated-measures cross-over design was used to compare three body positions(semi-Fowler's, lateral decubitus with good lung dependent, and lateral decubitus with diseased lung dependent). Each subject spent 30 minutes in semi-Fowler's position and 2 hours in good lung dependent position and diseased lung dependent position. Starting in the semi-Fowler's position, then in the lateral position with the good lung dependent or the disease lung dependent as assigned in random order. Thirty minutes after each positioning, arterial blood sample was analyzed. Measurements of all physiologic index were recorded at the specified intervals(0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) in good lung dependent and diseased lung dependent position. Statistical comparison of PaO₂ value was done using the Wilcoxen Signed Rank Test, and Multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to analyse the within-subject effect of two dependent position for 2 hours on the five dependent variables: ① PaO₂ ② SpO₂ ③ systolic blood pressure ④ diastolic blood pressure ⑤ pulse. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The PaO₂ value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the PaO₂ value in the diseased lung dependent position(Z=-2.8451, p=.002), 2. The PaO₂ value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the PaO₂ value in the semi-Fowler's position(Z=2.6673, p=.003). 3. The difference between the PsO₂ value in the semi-Fowler's position and the PaO₂ value in the diseased lung dependent position was not significant(Z=-102448, p=.10). 4. There were no statistically significance in the trends of physiologic index in the good lung dependent position and the diseased lung dependent position. From the results, it may be concluded that the good lung dependent position is the most effective position for patients with unilateral lung disease that improve oxygenation. Identification of positioning over time may be need further studies.

체위변화에 의한 SaO_2의 변화

최세진,한규철,정규돈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To investigate the SaO_2 changes according to positional change in general anesthetic patients, 80 ASA physical state class I-II patients were studied. Each group classified supine position group, group to change from supine position into sitting position, group to change from supine position into prone position and group to change supine position into lateral position. After intubation, in the supine position SaO₂was checked and then positional changes performed. After that we checked Sa0_2 in 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 minutes respectively. The results were as follows. 1) In supine position, time-dependent SaO_2 change was not significant statistically(p>0.05). 2) In the change into sitting position, time-dependent SaO_2 change was not significant statistically(p>0.05). 3) In the change into prone position, time-dependent SaO_2 change was not significant statistically(p>0.05). 4) In lateral positional change, time-dependent SaO_2 change was not significant statistically(p>0. 05). 5) Among the groups there were no significant SaO_2 changes according to positional change compared with supine position statistically. In conclusion, this experiments revealed that the change in SaO_2 according to positional change was not significant.

Effects of Joint Position on the Distraction Distance in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of Glenohumeral Joint

Sam Sik Park,Ki Do Kim,Yong Pil Hwang,Ok Kon Moon,Bo Kyung Kim,Wan Suk Choi 국제물리치료학회 2015 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint position on the distraction distance in patients with adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. The study was conducted upon 20 adults in their 40's with the findings of adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. These subjects were subdivided into 3 groups, which were a group with neutral position(n=7), second group with resting position(n=7) and third group with end-range position( n=6). After having the subject wearing sleeveless shirts exposing armpit and lying straight on the plinth, a physical therapist with OMT qualification pulled glenohumeral joint at the Grade Ⅲ of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction; and the distance between glenoid fossa and humeral head was measured with ultrasound. Following the application of traction, the group with resting position(.67±0.29) exhibited the longest distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa, and it was followed by neutral position(.50±0.25) and end-range position(.35±.21) in this order. From the comparison of these groups, there was no significant difference in distraction distance between resting position and neutral position; and there was again no significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and neutral position. However, there was a significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and resting position(p<.05). Upon application of the Grade Ⅲ of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction, it was evident that the distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa can be varied depending on the location of the joint.

거래상 지위와 남용행위의 판단기준

한도율 한국경쟁법학회 2017 競爭法硏究 Vol.36 No.-

Regarding abusing behavior in trade position, it has been discussed mainly focusing on meaning and judging standard in trade position. But, it doesn't have huge meaning to focus on discussing trade position both practically and theoretically. That is because it is very difficult to investigate trade position itself independently and it is the matter of its degree not trade position about actual trade relation. Though there are some cases that trade position is clear when judging trade position, there may be some vague cases. In case the degree of disadvantage against trading partners is severe when trade position is vague, that is because there exists gray zone whose abusing behavior is vague though trading position is clear. In this case, it is important to find how trading position or abusing behavior should be judged. This report focuses on how to interpret that in case trade position or abusing behavior is in vague grey zone. In order to solve such problem, it is more important to define abusing behavior clearly with top priority than investigating trade position vividly. This report proves that the factors that judge trade position exist not only level of degree and but sustainable normal transaction. So, in case of vague trade position or abusing behavior, it explains such behavior is abusing behavior if it is judged as abusing behavior that interrupts the free and independent judgment of trading part from the specific fact of behavior. And it emphasizes that the behavior itself that interrupts the free and independent judgment of the party would be disadvantage as the disadvantage does not mean the economic disadvantage simply regarding revealing the abusing behavior in detail. Such restriction cannot avoid the criticism as the one that protects the weak if the disadvantage is judged by focusing on economic balance between trading parties, however, it proves that the positional abusing in trade can happen between large companies and small-and-medium companies too. It is because that the positional abusing is the restriction that protects the free trade of market members that protects the fair and free competition not the one that protects the economic weak.

Hip Position에 따른 대퇴사두근과 햄스트링의 등속성 근력 차이

김의영(EuiYoungKim) 한국체육학회 2010 한국체육학회지 Vol.49 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 등속성 운동수행 및 측정시 hip position에 따른 대퇴사두근과 햄스트링의 등속성 근력 차이를 분석하기 위하여 3종류 position에서 peak torque, H/Q 비율을 검사하는 것이다. 연구의 대상자는 20대 초반의 건강한 남자 대학생들을 대상으로, 등속성 기기(Isomed 2000)를 이용하여 seated(hip position 100°), supine(hip position 180°), prone(hip position 180°) position에서 60°/s, 180°/s, 240°/s의 각속도에서 검사를 수행하였다. 측정순서는 seated, supine, prone position 순으로 2-3일 간격으로 진행하였다. 연구결과 신근력은 3종류 position의 60°/s, 180°/s, 240°s에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 굴근력은 3종류 position의 60°/s, 180°/s, 240°s 모두 유의한 차이가 나타나 사후분석 결과 seated position 이 supine과 prone position보다 유의하게 높게 나타났으나, supine과 prone position사이에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. H/Q비율은 각속도가 증가하면서 증가를 하였고, 60°/s에서 seated position 이 supine, prone position보다 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 240°/s에서 seated position 이 prone position보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 햄스트링 운동수행 시 hip position에 따라 무릎관절의 신근력에는 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 굴근력에는 유의한 차이가 나타나 등속성 운동 및 측정 시에 hip position과 굴근력을 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze difference in isokinetic muscular strength between quadriceps femoris muscles and hamstring according to hip position given performing and measuring isokinetic exercise. Peak torque, and H/Q ratio are tested in 3 kinds of positions. The research subjects were healthy male undergraduates in their early 20s. It performed test in the angular speed of 60°/s, 180°/s, 240°/s for seated(hip position 100°), supine(hip position 180°), prone(hip position 180°) position by using isokinetic device(Isomed 2000). As the measurement was in order of seated, supine, prone position, it was progressed with the interval of 2-3 days. As a result of research, the extension strength wasn't shown significant difference in 60°/s, 180°/s, 240° for 3 positions. The flexion strength was shown significant difference in all of 60°/s, 180°/s, 240° for 3 positions. Thus, as a result of post-analysis, the seated position was indicated to be significantly higher than supine and prone position. However, the significant difference wasn't shown between supine and prone position. H/Q ratio increased according to a rise in angular speed. The seated position was indicated to be significantly higher than supine and prone position in 60°/s. The seated position was indicated to be significantly higher than prone position in 240°/s. In light of these results, the difference was shown significant difference flexion strength in knee joints according to hip position given performing hamstring exercise. Thus, the hip position and flexion strength are thought to be likely to be necessarily considered given measuring isokinetic exercise.

Effects of Joint Position on the Distraction Distance in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of Glenohumeral Joint

Park, Sam Sik,Kim, Ki Do,Hwang, Yong Pil,Moon, Ok Kon,Kim, Bo Kyung,Choi, Wan Suk International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2015 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint position on the distraction distance in patients with adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. The study was conducted upon 20 adults in their 40's with the findings of adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. These subjects were subdivided into 3 groups, which were a group with neutral position(n=7), second group with resting position(n=7) and third group with end-range position(n=6). After having the subject wearing sleeveless shirts exposing armpit and lying straight on the plinth, a physical therapist with OMT qualification pulled glenohumeral joint at the Grade III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction; and the distance between glenoid fossa and humeral head was measured with ultrasound. Following the application of traction, the group with resting position($.67{\pm}0.29$) exhibited the longest distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa, and it was followed by neutral position($.50{\pm}0.25$) and end-range position($.35{\pm}.21$) in this order. From the comparison of these groups, there was no significant difference in distraction distance between resting position and neutral position; and there was again no significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and neutral position. However, there was a significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and resting position(p<.05). Upon application of the Grade III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction, it was evident that the distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa can be varied depending on the location of the joint.

임상연구 : Sniffing Position은 비만도에 상관없이 후두경소견을 개선시킨다

정희진 ( Hee Jin Jeong ),허진 ( Jin Huh ),노영진 ( Young Jin Ro ),민성원 ( Seong Won Min ),김종수 ( Jong Su Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.52 No.5

Background: Most anesthesiologists universally recommend the sniffing position and consider it to be essential for improving the performance of orotracheal intubation. However, a recent investigation reported that the sniffing position does not aid the laryngoscope except under specific circumstances (i.e., obesity). Therefore, this study examined the impact of the BMI (body mass index) on the effectiveness of the sniffing position in improving the laryngeal view. Methods: A video laryngoscopy imaging system and POGO (the percentage of glottic opening) scoring system were used to assess the laryngeal view in 79 adult patients undergoing a laryngoscopy. In each patient, the laryngeal view was videotaped continuously from simple head extension to the sniffing position by inflating a pressure bag as a pillow to obtain approximately 15˚ of flexion of the lower cervical spine on the chest. The variables assessed included the BMI, the POGO score in each position and the change in the POGO score. Results: The POGO scores improved with the sniffing position (18.1 ± 14.3%). However, the sniffing position did not improve the POGO score in 16/79 (20.3%) patients. The sniffing position did not worsen the POGO score in any patient. No significant correlation was found between the BMI and the change in the POGO score in the sniffing position (Pearson`s correlation coefficient r = 0.075). Conclusions: The sniffing position has the potential to improve the laryngeal view in all intubations without needing to consider the BMI. Therefore, the sniffing position appears to be advantageous for orotracheal intubation compared with a simple head extension. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 52: 526~9)

Method of Position Correction Exploiting Street View and Character Tag for Location-based AR games in Urban Environments

박진현(Jin Hyun PARK),박준(Jun PARK) 한국컴퓨터게임학회 2021 한국컴퓨터게임학회논문지 Vol.34 No.4

In location-based AR games, accurately estimating a position of a mobile device is one of important factors. The accuracy of AR contents is determined by how accurately a position estimation system of a mobile device estimates a position. However, in urban environments, signals needed for estimating a position will be reflected, refracted, diffracted, and blocked by obstacles such as buildings (especially skyscrapers), billboards, and signs. As a result, a position error occurs in the position estimated by the position estimation system of the mobile device. In this paper, we propose a simple and reliable method of position correction exploiting commercial street view and character tags. We calculate a matching score by comparing character tags generated from an query image and street view panorama images. Then, according to the matching score, the position of the mobile device is corrected through retrieving a street view that is close to the actual position (ground truth) where the query image was taken. We corrected a position with a position error of 43.71m to a position with a position error of 4.09m using the proposed method. One of the advantages of the proposed method is that the position can be corrected regardless of day or night. 위치 기반 AR 게임에서 모바일 기기의 위치를 정확하게 추정하는 것은 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 모바일 기기에 내장되어 있는 위치 추정 시스템이 얼마나 정확하게 위치정보를 추정하는 지가 증강되는 AR 콘텐츠의 정확도를 결정한다. 하지만 도시 환경에서는 건물, 건축물, 광고판, 표지판 등 지형지물 및 장애물에 의해서 위치 추정을 위해 필요한 신호가 반사, 굴절, 회절, 차단 등이 발생하게 되고 그로 인하여 모바일 기기의 위치 추정 시스템으로부터 추정되는 위치에 오차가 생기게 된다. 본 논문에서는 도시 환경에서 모바일 기기의 위치 오차가 증가하는 현상에 대해서 상용 스트리트 뷰와 문자 태그를 활용하여 심플하면서도 신뢰성 있는 위치 보정 방안을 제안한다. 제안하는 위치 보정 방안은 쿼리 이미지와 스트리트 뷰 파노라마 이미지로부터 생성된 문자 태그를 대조하는 것을 통해서 매칭 스코어를 계산한고 매칭 스코어에 따라 쿼리 이미지를 촬영한 실제 위치와 가까운 스트리트 뷰를 검색하는 것을 통해서 모바일 기기의 위치를 보정한다. 제안하는 위치보정 방안은 위치 오차가 43.71m인 위치를 위치 오차가 4.09m인 위치로 보정하였으며 낮과 밤에 관계없이 위치를 보정할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

고려전기 본품행두제(本品行頭制)의 성격

김대식(Kim Dae-sik) 한국역사연구회 2010 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.76

Most concurrent positions in the early Goryeo Dynasty are related with Bonpumhaengdu's Post. Bonpumhaengdu's System was not only for Primary Post(Bonpum)'s First line(Haengdu), but also used as General Provisions to operate concurrent position's system in the early Goryeo Dynasty. Accordingly, Bonpumhaengdu’s System is an important clue to understand operation of Concurrent Position's System in the early Goryeo Dynasty together with Pansa system and Jisa system. In order to understand Bonpumhangdu’s System, understanding of relationships and concepts such as Primary Post(Bonpum) should go ahead. However, in Goryeosa-Baekgwanji, concepts for general official rank and regulations about official item regarding individual government offices and positions were not recorded clearly. In addition, regulations about Primary Position(Bonjik) and concurrent position as well as Primary Post(Bonpum) were not recorded in it. Official Rank(Gwangye) was the only standard to express the public system of the Goryeo Dynasty. Anyone who began working in Sangye and officialdom was granted. Sangye was the order of rank that was applied to everyone once they entered officialdom regardless of Entrance(Choipsa), leave of absence and retirement as well as the present post. Accordingly, although the government system of the Goryeo Dynasty didn't prescribe ranks for all positions, Primary Post(Bonpum) meaning Sangye possessed by all officials was the standard for their status and treatment including Nokbong(stipend). Primary Position(Bonjik), the subordinate concept, has Primary Post(Bonpum) naturally. As reviewed in actual cases, government post having Primary Post(Bonpum) is a concept that is used by distinguishing Primary Position(Bonjik) and concurrent position. Primary Position(Bonjik) was used as a contrary concept of concurrent position. With respect to Primary Position(Bonjik) and concurrent position during the Goryeo Dynasty, it is the most reasonable to use Jeonsigwa and Nokbong during the King Munjong, that is, Primary Position(Bonjik) received both Jeonsigwa and Nokbong, and concurrent position received Nokbong only. Bonpumhaengdu’s Post is 18 kinds of government posts that were concurrent positions since it was made in the 11th year of the King Yejong. In the early Goryeo Dynasty, major central posts also could have Bonpumhaengdu’s Post, and Bonpumhaengdu’s System was general provisions including most concurrent position’s system, therefore, most major posts are Primary Positions(Bonjik) of Bonpumhaengdu.

임상연구 : 광봉을 이용한 기관내 삽관 시 두부의 위치에 따른 삽관 성공률의 비교

변소정 ( So Jung Byun ),이지향 ( Ji Hyang Lee ),김은주 ( Eun Ju Kim ),이상곤 ( Sang Gon Lee ),반종석 ( Jong Seok Ban ),민병우 ( Byung Woo Min ) 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.51 No.3

Background: It has been known that a patient head in sniffing position for lightwand facilitated tracheal intubation is not an anatomically appropriate method. However, there is no evidence nor study whether it is true or not. In this study, we compared success rates of lightwand facilitated tracheal intubation in neutral position versus sniffing position. Methods: With informed consent, sixty adult patients of ASA physical status Ⅰor II were randomly allocated into two groups: neutral position (N) or sniffing position (S) group. A lightwand and tube were bent at approximately a 90˚ degree angle for N group and a 60 degree angle for S group on the basis of mouth axis and pharyngeal axis. The time to intubation, success rates of 1st trial of intubation, overall intubation success rates, hemodynamic changes and complications during the procedure were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in the time to intubation, success rates of 1st trial of intubation, overall intubation success rates, hemodynamic changes and complications between neutral position and sniffing position groups. Conclusions: Success rates of lightwand facilitated tracheal intubation in neutral position versus sniffing position showed no significant difference. Therefore, both positions are suitable for lightwand assisted intubation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 51: 308~11)