Total replacement of dietary fish oil with alternative lipid sources in a practical diet for mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri, juveniles

Zohreh Sankian,Sanaz Khosravi,김이오,이상민 한국수산과학회 2019 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.22 No.2

A 12-week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the effect of total replacement of fish oil (FO) with terrestrial alternative oils on growth, feed utilization, body composition, hematological parameters, and fillet fatty acid profile of mandarin fish juveniles. Four iso-nitrogenous (56% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (13% crude lipid) practical diets were formulated. A control diet contained 6% FO and three other experimental diets were prepared by replacing FO with linseed oil, soybean oil, and lard (designed as FO, LO, SO, and lard, respectively). Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 25 fish (1.8 ± 0.03 g/fish) in a circular tank. Complete replacement of FO by three tested alternative oils had no remarkable impact on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and morphological and hematological parameters of juvenile mandarin fish. However, daily feed intake was found to be significantly higher for fish fed the SO diet compared with those fed the FO and LO diets. Fish fed LO and SO diets exhibited significantly higher levels of the whole body lipid compared to fish fed diet containing FO. Fillet fatty acid composition reflected dietary fatty acid profile. The highest level of α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid was observed in fish fillet fed LO, SO, and lard, respectively. Although the eicosapentaenoic acid level of fish fillet fed diet FO was higher than other treatments, no significant difference was found in docosahexaenoic acid content among all dietary groups. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the complete replacement of FO in mandarin fish diets is achievable. These findings are useful in dietary formulation to reduce feed costs without compromising mandarin fish growth.

Total replacement of dietary fish oil with alternative lipid sources in a practical diet for mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri, juveniles

Sankian, Zohreh,Khosravi, Sanaz,Kim, Yi-Oh,Lee, Sang-Min The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2019 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.22 No.4

A 12-week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the effect of total replacement of fish oil (FO) with terrestrial alternative oils on growth, feed utilization, body composition, hematological parameters, and fillet fatty acid profile of mandarin fish juveniles. Four iso-nitrogenous (56% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (13% crude lipid) practical diets were formulated. A control diet contained 6% FO and three other experimental diets were prepared by replacing FO with linseed oil, soybean oil, and lard (designed as FO, LO, SO, and lard, respectively). Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 25 fish ($1.8{\pm}0.03g/fish$) in a circular tank. Complete replacement of FO by three tested alternative oils had no remarkable impact on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and morphological and hematological parameters of juvenile mandarin fish. However, daily feed intake was found to be significantly higher for fish fed the SO diet compared with those fed the FO and LO diets. Fish fed LO and SO diets exhibited significantly higher levels of the whole body lipid compared to fish fed diet containing FO. Fillet fatty acid composition reflected dietary fatty acid profile. The highest level of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid was observed in fish fillet fed LO, SO, and lard, respectively. Although the eicosapentaenoic acid level of fish fillet fed diet FO was higher than other treatments, no significant difference was found in docosahexaenoic acid content among all dietary groups. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the complete replacement of FO in mandarin fish diets is achievable. These findings are useful in dietary formulation to reduce feed costs without compromising mandarin fish growth.

Karyotype diversity of Korean landrace mandarins by CMA banding pattern and rDNA loci

Yi, Kyung Uk,Kim, Ho Bang,Song, Kwan Jeong Elsevier 2018 Scientia horticulturae Vol.228 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mandarin is the major type of citrus grown in Jeju, Korea and has a long history of cultivation there. Landrace <I>Citrus</I> species represent broad and natural genetic variability, which are important and valuable as genetic material. In this study, metaphase chromosomes of six Korean landrace mandarins were analyzed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among them and to compare these characteristics with those of other <I>Citrus</I> species at a cytogenetic level using CMA banding patterns and rDNA loci. Chromosomes were categorized into five types according to the distribution and number of heterochromatic CMA-positive bands; type A chromosomes have two telomeric and one proximal bands, type B have one telomeric and one proximal bands, type C have two telomeric bands, type D have one telomeric band, and type E have no band. Gamza mandarin (<I>C. benikoji</I>) displayed the 1A/45S+2B/45S+2C+5D+1D/45S+1D/5S-45S+6E pattern, without a solitary 5S rDNA locus that differentiated the gamza mandarin from other accessions. A solitary 5S rDNA locus was observed in the chromosomes of byungkyul mandarin (<I>C. platymamma</I>) (1A/45S+2B/45S+1C+6D+1D/45S+1D/5S-45S+5E+1E/5S) and cheongkyul mandarin (<I>C. nippokoreana</I>) (1A/45S+1B/45S+1C+7D+1D/5S+1D/45S+1D/5S-45S+5E). The chromosome composition of byungkyul mandarin based on CMA banding pattern and rDNA loci suggests that byungkyul mandarin may be related to pummelo, sweet orange, and members of the <I>Citrus</I> subgenus <I>Papeda</I> during its evolution. Cheongkyul mandarin possessed a distinct marker chromosome (D/45S) that can be used to distinguish cheongkyul madrarin from the other Korean landrace mandarins. Jinkyul mandarin (<I>C. sunki</I>) (1A/45S+1B/45S+1C+10D+2D/5S-45S+3E) may be related to pummelos. The karyotype of pyunkyul mandarin (<I>C. tangerina</I>) (3B/45S+2C+7D+1D/5S-45S+5E) suggests that the pyunkyul mandarin is a hybrid between <I>C. grandis</I> and <I>C. reticulata</I>. Binkyul mandarin (<I>C. leiocarpa</I>) (1A/45S+1C+6D+2D/45S+2D/5S-45S+6E) seemed to be related to mandarins and pummelos. Heterozygous karyotypes of six accessions separated and differentiated each of the six Korean landrace mandarins and potential marker chromosomes were identified.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CMA/DAPI banding patterns of Korean landrace mandarins were clarified. </LI> <LI> Physical locations of 5S and 45S rDNA loci in Korean landrace mandarins were revealed. </LI> <LI> Potential marker chromosomes for Korean landrace mandarins were identified. </LI> </UL> </P>

반순환여과시스템내에서 먹이종류가 1년생 쏘가리(Siniperca scherzeri)의 성장, 사료이용 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

김이오 한국수산해양교육학회 2022 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.34 No.4

Abstract This study compared the effects of diets consisting of moist pellet (MP), frozen food (FF) and live food (LF) on the growth, feed utilization and whole body composition on the mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri . Three replicated groups of 45 fish each (initial mean weight 106 g) were fed one of three experimental diets for 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed the FF and LF diets were higher than those of fish fed the MP (P<0.05). Feed efficiency of fish fed the FF and LF were higher than those of fish fed the MF (P<0.05). Proximate composition of fish were not affected by diets (P>0.05). Plasma chemical composition of fish were not affected by diets (P>0.05). This suggests that frozen food (FF) can be suitable to feed growing mandarin fish.

사육밀도에 따른 쏘가리(Siniperca scherzeri)의 성장 및 체조성 변화

이상민,김이오 한국수산과학회 2017 한국수산과학회지 Vol.50 No.6

This study investigated the effects of stocking density on the growth of the mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri, in small(1-year old, 50.2 g/fish) and large (2-years old, 173.1 g/fish) size (age) groups. Small and large fish groups were fedpelleted diets twice daily for 10 and 15 weeks, respectively. In the small group, at the end of the feeding, the weightgain of fish at a density of 4 kg/m3 was lower than that of fish at densities of 3, 2 and 1 kg/m3. However, fish stockingdensity did not affect feed efficiency. The daily feed intake of fish at a density of 4 kg/m3 was lower than that fish atdensities of 3, 2 and 1 kg/m3. In the large fish group, the weight gain of fish at a density of 4.5 kg/m3 was higher thanthat of fish at densities of 6, 3 and 1.5 kg /m3. Again, fish stocking density did not affect feed efficiency. The dailyfeed intake of fish at a density of 4.5 kg/m3 was higher than that of fish at densities of 6, 3 and 1.5 kg/m3. Based onthese results, the optimum stocking density for small (50.2 g/fish) and large (173.1 g/fish) mandarin fish is 3 and 4.5kg/m3, respectively.

사료 공급 횟수가 쏘가리(Siniperca scherzeri) 치어의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

김이오,오승용,이상민 한국수산과학회 2020 한국수산과학회지 Vol.53 No.4

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding frequency on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri. Triplicate groups of fish (initial fish weight, 7.5 g/fish) were fed to apparent satiation at one, two, three or four meals per day for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed one meal per day was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fish fed two, three or four meals per day. Feed efficiency of fish fed two meals per day was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other experimental groups. The plasma cholesterol content was significantly lower in fish fed one meal per day than those fed two, three or four meals per day. Consequently, we can conclude that feeding juvenile mandarin fish twice daily to apparent satiation is acceptable and sufficient to achieve good growth and feed efficiency, as fish performance was not remarkably enhanced when feeding increased from two to four times per day.

고수온(27-33℃)에서 사육한 쏘가리(Siniperca scherzeri) 치어의 성장 및 체조성 변화

김이오,이상민 한국수산과학회 2017 한국수산과학회지 Vol.50 No.6

This study investigated the growth of juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri, reared at high water temperatures. Feed-trained juvenile fish were reared at four water temperatures: 27, 29, 31, and 33°C. The fish were fed to apparentsatiation twice daily using pelleted diet. After 10 weeks of feeding trial, the survival exceeded 98% in all groups. Theweight gain of fish reared at 31°C was higher than for fish reared at the other temperatures. The feed efficiency andprotein efficiency ratio of fish reared at 29 and 31°C were higher than for the fish reared at 27 and 33°C. The dailyfeed intake of fish reared at 27 and 33°C was higher than for the 29 and 31°C groups. The whole body moisture contentof fish reared at 33°C was higher than in the 27°C group. The whole body crude protein and lipid contents of fishreared at 27°C were higher than in the 33°C group. The results indicate that suitable rearing water temperature was31°C for optimal growth and feed efficiency of juvenile mandarin fish under the experimental conditions.

Feeding ratio affects growth, body composition, and blood chemistry of mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) in recirculating aquaculture system

Kim, Yi-Oh,Oh, Sung-Yong,Lee, Who-Seung The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2021 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.24 No.6

The effects of various feeding ratios on the growth, body composition, and blood chemistry of the juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri (initial body weight 9.6 g) were examined in recirculating freshwater system equipped with 21, 300 L tanks at 20 fish per tank. The triplicate groups of seven feeding ratios treatments were prepared: 100% (control), 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, and 70% of satiation. The feed amount of control group was determined by supplying with apparent satiation and then the feed amounts of the other six feeding groups were determined based on the feed amount of the control group. Fish were hand-fed with test diet (55.4% crude protein) for 10 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed to 100% satiation were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from those of fish fed to ≥ 80% satiation but were significantly higher than those of fish fed to 75% and 70% satiation. Feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention of 100% satiation were not significantly different from those of 95% and 90% satiation but were significantly (p <0.05) lower than ≤ 85% satiation. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and coefficient variation were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by feeding ratio. Whole body composition and contents of hematocrit, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glucose, total protein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood serum were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the feeding ratio; however, content of total cholesterol tended to decrease as the feeding ratio decreased. Using broken-line analysis of WG, it was suggested that the optimum feeding ratio of juvenile mandarin fish, ranging from 9.0 g to 37.0 g, appeared to be 87.7% of satiation without growth inhibition.

사육 수온에 따른 쏘가리(Siniperca scherzeri) 치어의 성장 및 체조성 변화

김이오 ( Yi-oh Kim ),이상민 ( Sang-min Lee ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2016 한국수산과학회지 Vol.49 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different water temperatures on growth, survival, biochemical composition, and blood physiological parameters of juvenile mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri. Feed-trained juvenile fish were subjected to four water temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 29℃) with two replicate groups. The fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily using a formulated diet containing 55% crude protein and 6% crude lipid. After the 8-week feeding trial, survival was >96% in all groups. Weight gain and feed efficiency of fish reared at 26 and 29℃ were higher than those reared at 20℃. The protein efficiency ratio, daily feed intake, and whole body proximate composition were not affected by water temperature. These results indicate that a suitable water temperature range for optimal growth and feed efficiency of juvenile mandarin fish is 26-29℃ under these experimental conditions.

쏘가리의 위장관 내분비세포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

이재현,구세광,박기대,이형식,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Ku, Sae-Kwang,Park, Ki-Dae,Lee, Hyeung-Sik The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2002 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.42 No.3

쏘가리 (Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner)의 위장관에 존재하는 내분비세포의 부위별 분포 및 출현빈도를 포유류의 peptide에 대한 7종류의 항혈청을 사용하여 면역조직화학적 방법으로 관찰하였다. 쏘가리의 위장관은 근위부에서부터 원위부까지 위, 소장 및 대상으로 3 등분 하였으며, 다양한 종류의 항혈청에 면역반응성을 나타내는 면역반응세포들이 상피세포 사이와 위샘 또는 장샘에서 관찰되었다. 상피세포 사이에서는 대부분의 면역반응세포들은 장 내강까지 신장되어 있는 긴 세포질 돌기를 함유한 방추형의 개방형 세포 (open type cell)로 관찰되었으며, 세포질 돌기 없이 원형 또는 타원형의 형태를 나타내는 폐쇄형 세포 (close type cell)들이 위 부위에서 소수 관찰되었다. 본 실험에서는 serotonin, somatostatin, pastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 및 human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) 면역반응세포들이 관찰되었으나, insulin 및 glucagon 면역반응세포들은 관찰되지 않았다. Serotonin 및 somatostatin 면역반응세포들은 위 부위에 국한되어 각각 중등도 및 다수의 출현빈도로 관찰되었다. 또한 gastrin 면역반응세포들은 위와 소장에서 출현하였으며, 각각 소수 및 중등도의 출현빈도를 나타내었고, CCK-8 면역반응세포들은 소장에 국한되어 중등도의 출현빈도를 나타내었다. 한편 HPP 면역반응세포들은 위와 소장에서 다수 관찰되었다. 이상에서 쏘가리 위장관 내분비세포들의 부위별 분포 및 출현 빈도는 다른 경골어류에 비해 특이한 양상을 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다. The regional distribution and relative frequency of neurohormonal peptides-producing cells were demonstrated in the gut of the stomach teleost, the Mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner, using 7 types of specific antisera raised against mammalian regulatory peptides. The gastrointestinal tract of the Mandarin fish was divided into three portions from proximal to distal, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Cells showing immunoreactivities against regulatory peptides were situated in the epithelial lining, between epithelial cells, and gastric or intestinal gland regions with various frequencies along with gastrointestinal tract. Mast of immunoreactive cells in the epithelial lining portion were generally spherical or spindle shape having long cytoplasmic process that were reached to the lumen (open type cell) while cells showing round in shape (closed type cell) were found in the gastric gland of the stomach occasionally. Serctonin-, samatostatin-, gastrin-, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8- and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP)-immunoreactive cells were observed in this study. However, no insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found. Serotonin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the stomach regions with moderate and numerous frequencies, respectively. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the stomach and small intestinal portions with a few and moderate frequencies, respectively and CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the small intestinal portions with moderate frequency. In addition, HPP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the stomach and small intestine with numerous frequencies, respectively. In conclusion, the distribution and relative frequency of these immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Mandarin fish shows peculiar patterns compared to those of other stomach and/or stomachless teleost.