차나무 유전자원의 형태적 형질분석

김길자(Kil-Ja Kim),윤창용(Chang-Yong Yoon),김정운(Jung-Woon Kim),배창휴(Chang-Hyu Bae),이선하(Seon-Ha Lee),김홍재(Hong-Jae Kim) 한국차학회 2006 한국차학회지 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 국내외 유전자원 150계통을 대상으로 형태적 형질, 엽면적 등 33항목을 조사 분석하여 유전자원의 분포양상을 알아보았고 육종의 자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 우전자원의 조만성은 조생종 16%, 중생종 43%, 만생종이 41%로 중생종과 만생종이 주를 이루고 있었고 중국 소엽종(C. sinensis var. sinensis)이 대부분이었다. 엽면이 딱딱한 것과 부드러운 것이 50:50 수준으로 분포하였고 엽광택은 중간정도가 47%로 가장 많았고 약간 있는 것 28%, 많은 것이 25%순이었다. 엽형은 적은 뾰족 타원형이 37%, 큰 타원형이 28% 순이었으며 엽의 형태별로 골고루 분포하는 경향이었다. 엽면 주름은 중간정도가 47%, 소가 40%로 주름이 적은편이었다. 모용특성으로 조사종의 99%가 가는 모용을 갖은 것으로 조사되었으며 모용 분포는 잎 전체에 넓게 분포(73%)하는 것으로 분석되었다. 꽃의 크기를 대, 중, 소로 구분하여 조사한 결과 중(3.1~4.5cm)이 74%로 가장 많았으며 소는 15%, 대는 11%수준이었다. 암술과 수술의 길이가 같은 것이 40%로 가장 많았으며 암술이 수술보다 길어서 수술위로 올라온 것이 35%, 암술이 더 짧은 것이 25% 였다. 주두 분기점은 가운데 부분 (35~65%)에서 분기되는 것이 전체 57%로 가장 많았으며 그 다음으로 35%이하에서 분기되는 것이 30%, 65% 이상의 높이에서 분기되는 것이 13%순으로 나타나 다양한 화기구조를 갖고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과 보유 유전자원의 형태적으로 변이의 폭이 매우 크게 나타났다. 따라서 유전자원 분류의 기본이 되는 형태적 특성들은 차나무의 분류나 유전자형 판별에 이용될 수 있을 것이며 앞으로 유전자원의 수집과 분류, 품종육성시 특성평가에 귀중한 자료로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다, This study was carried out to analysis morphological characteristics for 150 germplasms of domestic and foreign tea tree, and to investigate phases of the distribution. Most of germplasms were the medium maturing and the late maturing cultivar as 43% and 41% respectively, and early maturing cultivar accunted for 16% of germplasms. And most of germplasms was C. sinensis ver. sinensis that had small leaves. The leaf shapes were distributed diversely as the small lanceolate and large lobate accunted for 37% and 28% of leaf shape respectively. 47% of germplasms had intermediate leaf wrinkling, 40% of germplasms had a little leaf wrinkling, and 99% of germplasms had fine leaf trichome, in 70% of germplasms the leaf trichome were distributed in whole surface of leaves. In result of investigating flower size, most of germplasms had flower of middle width as 3.1~4.5cm with 74%, followed by narrow width with 15%. The germplasms had flower of wide width placed third with 11%. The germplasms which's pistil length was equal to stamen length account for 40%, followed by the germplasms which's pistil length was longer than stamen length with 35%, shorter than stamen length with 25% And the germplasms which's stigma was ramified at intermediate position(3565%) account for 57%, followed by the germplasms which's stigma was ramified at low position(<35%) with 30%, at high position(>65%) with 13%.

들깨류사 종.속 수집 유전자원의 잎품질 및 지방산 조성

郭泰淳,李奉鎬 韓國作物學會 1995 Korean journal of crop science Vol.40 No.3

들깨관련 종·속 수집 유전자원 들깨(Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara), 자소(Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo), 축면자소(Perilla frutescens var. crispa Decaisne), 청자소(Perilla frutescens var. Kudo for viridis Makino), 들깨풀(Mosla punctulata Nakai), 산들깨(Mosla japonica Maxim) 및 쥐깨풀(Mosla dianthera Maxim)에 대한 잎품질 및 지방산 조성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 수집한 들깨관련 종·속 가운데 Perilla속 유전자원이 Mosla속 유전자원보다 주경엽수가 많았고 길이에서 3배 정도, 폭에서 약 5배 정도 컸었다. 2. 들깨관련 종·속 모든 수집 유전자원이 들깨보다 방향성 정도가 높아 방향성 개량육종의 교배재료로서 활용가치가 기대된다. 3. 잎의 유연성 면에서는 Perilla속 유전자원이 Mosla 속 유전자원보다 부드러웠다. 4. 종실성분함양에서 들깨에 비하여 들깨관련 수집 종·속의 기름과 단백질함량이 낮았으나 리놀렌산 함량이 높아서 공업용 또는 의약용을 위한 고리놀렌산 들깨품종개량의 교배재료로 활용가치가 기대된다. 5. 수집 Perilla속 유전자원의 불포화지방산인 리놀렌산과 기름함량, 단백질함량 그리고 포화지방산과는 부의 상관을 보였다. Leaf quality and fatty acid compositions of collected perilla related genus and species germplasms such as Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara, Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo, Perilla frutescens var. crispa Decaisne, Perilla frutescens var. for viridis Makino, Mosla punctulata Nakai, Mosla japonica Maxim, Mosla dianthera Maxim were analysized. The number of leaves per tiller and leaf size of perilla germplasms were more and bigger than those of mosla germplasms. Aroma degree of mosla germplasms was higher than aroma degree of perilla germplasms. Mosla germplasms could be utilized in the breeding for high aroma perilla lines. Otherwise, the softness of perilla germplasms was higher than that of mosla germplasms. In case of oil and protein contents, perilla germplasms was higher than mosla germplasms, however compositions ratio of fatty acid, especially linolenic acid of mosla germplasms was higher than that of perilla germplasms, therefore mosla germplasms could be utilized as breeding materials with high linolenic acid for industrial oil. The linolenic acid with excellent quality and unsaturated fatty acid showed negative correlation with oil content, protein content and saturated fatty acids.

cacGMS: 특성평가 정보기반 식물 유전자원 군집 알고리즘

유동수,강만정,노나영,허온숙 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.1

Plant germplasm is a part of living genetic resources, including seeds and plant materials, such as roots, leaves, and stems, and should be conserved and managed to maintain ecological biodiversity and to consistently generate the product and supply food crops. Plant germplasm can be categorized based on various genetic traits such as race, and clustering based on similar genetic traits is an efficient method for managing large numbers of germplasms. Therefore, we developed an algorithm, termed cacGMS (Clustering Analysis for Categorical genetic traits of germplasms in Genebank Management System), using categorical variables which statistically differentiate the datatype of genetic traits such as seed-coat color, seed shape, and flower color. Briefly, using Newman’s modularity method, cacGMS combines the hierarchical clustering algorithm using the Ward2 method and representative-based algorithms such as K-medoids, and it regroups all germplasms using germplasm core sets. We tested cacGMS using 2,378 pepper germplasms with 46 different categorical genetic traits, and it exhibited better performance than the hierarchical and K-medoids algorithms for the average distance among clusters (0.4534) and entropy (1.2672). Moreover, cacGMS showed better performance in terms of threshold (from 15 to 30) for genetic traits than other algorithms and provided similar results in a test run using tomato germplasm. From these results, we expect that cacGMS will be a useful tool for managing each group with numerous plant germplasms and facilitate the analysis of other studies, such as analysis of representative characteristics of clustered germplasms and of correlations among germplasms in a particular cluster.

cacGMS: 특성평가 정보기반 식물 유전자원 군집 알고리즘

유동수(Dong Su Yu),강만정(Manjung Kang),노나영(Nayoung Ro),허온숙(Onsook Hur) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.2

Plant germplasm is a part of living genetic resources, including seeds and plant materials, such as roots, leaves, and stems, and should be conserved and managed to maintain ecological biodiversity and to consistently generate the product and supply food crops. Plant germplasm can be categorized based on various genetic traits such as race, and clustering based on similar genetic traits is an efficient method for managing large numbers of germplasms. Therefore, we developed an algorithm, termed cacGMS (Clustering Analysis for Categorical genetic traits of germplasms in Genebank Management System), using categorical variables which statistically differentiate the datatype of genetic traits such as seed-coat color, seed shape, and flower color. Briefly, using Newman’s modularity method, cacGMS combines the hierarchical clustering algorithm using the Ward2 method and representative-based algorithms such as K-medoids, and it regroups all germplasms using germplasm core sets. We tested cacGMS using 2,378 pepper germplasms with 46 different categorical genetic traits, and it exhibited better performance than the hierarchical and K-medoids algorithms for the average distance among clusters (0.4534) and entropy (1.2672). Moreover, cacGMS showed better performance in terms of threshold (from 15 to 30) for genetic traits than other algorithms and provided similar results in a test run using tomato germplasm. From these results, we expect that cacGMS will be a useful tool for managing each group with numerous plant germplasms and facilitate the analysis of other studies, such as analysis of representative characteristics of clustered germplasms and of correlations among germplasms in a particular cluster.

The strategy and potential utilization of temperate germplasm for the improvement of tropical germplasm: genetic diversification program is a GEM (germplasm enhancement of maize) of a resource for(Zea mays L.) growers in USA

Sun-Hee Woo,Tea-Young Oh,Hee-Young Jang,Jung-Hee Ko,Seong-Bum Baek,Young-Up Kwon,Matthew Krakowsky,Major Goodman,Peter J. Balint-Kurti,James B. Holland,Yoon-Sup So 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

In U.S.A. maize breeding, exotic germplasm is considered as high-risk and usually introduced by backcrossing specific traits into elite lines. The U.S.A. maize germplasm base is narrow. Only a few open-pollinated varieties are well represented in current programs. Currently, the barrier in using of exotic germplasm in the U.S.A is less formidable than in the 1980s. The major reason is that U.S.A materials are now used in tropical breeding to accelerate earlier maturity and lodging resistance. These exotic materials, developed with U.S.A germplasm, are being introduced back into the U.S.A.Since1994, the ARS-led Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project has sought to help broaden the genetic base of America’s corn crop by promising exotic germplasm and crossing it with domestic lines. New hybrids derived from such crosses have provided corn researchers and the producers. These may include improved or alternative native source of resistance to insect pests such as corn rootworms and diseases like northern leaf blight. GEM’s aim is to provide source of useful genetic maize diversity to help the producers to reduce risks from new or evolving insect and disease threats or changes in the environment or respond to new marketing opportunities and demand. During the 2009 growing season, the Ames (Iowa) and Raleigh (North Carolina) locations managed or coordinated evaluations on 17,200 nursery plots as well as 14,000 yield trial plots in Ames and 12,000 in Raleigh. A new “allelicdiversity” study is devoted to exploring and capturing the genetic variation represented by over 300 exotic corn races. Since 2001, GEM has released 221 new corn lines to cooperators for further development into elite commercial new hybrids. GEM has already identified about 50%-tropical, 50%-temperate families tracing primarily to tropical hybrids that are competitive with commercial checks. In North Carolina State University program, they have examined the potential of tropical inbredand hybrids for U.S.A. breeding by crossing temperate-adapted, 100%-tropical lines to U.S.A hybrids. There should be favorably unique alleles or genomic regions in temperate germplasm that can be helpful in tropical maize improvement as well as utilization of tropical lines in temperate areas.

의성지역 개나리 수집자원의 이형화주성과 결실 습성에 따른 잎의 형태 및 리그난 성분 차이

김관수,박시형 한국약용작물학회 2022 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Background: Forsythia species is used as an herbal medicine and landscape plant. The fruit setting rate, floral morph (distyly), and morphological characteristics and lignan components of leaves in Uiseong local Forsythia germplasm were investigated to select the elite lines for fruit setting. Methods and Results: A total of 23 Forsythia germplasm were collected in Uiseong area, Korea. Each germplasm planted in Uiseong was investigated for the rate of fruit set in March and October, floral distyly; pin (long-styled morph) and thrum (short-styled morph), in March, and stem color, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and leaf serration in July. Additionall, lignan components (matairesinol, pinoresinol, arctigenin, phillygenin and their glycosides) in leaves of each germplasm were analyzed using HPLC-MS. Two leaf types, Leaf I and Leaf II of Forsythia germplasm, were grouped based on fruit set, distyly, leaf shape, chromatogram of lignan components and stem color. Leaf II germplasm had longer ovate leaves with lesser serration and more lignan components than Leaf I germplasm. Most of Leaf II plants had successful fruit set, a pin flower, and green stem. Conclusions: We confirm that Leaf I germplasm is Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai and Leaf II germplasm is Forsythia viridissima Lindl., consistent with previous results.

Selection of Useful Germplasm Based on the Variation Analysis of Growth and Seed Quality of Soybean Germplasms Grown at Two Different Latitudes

( Myoung Ryoul Park ),( Min-jung Seo ),( Yu-young Lee ),( Chang-hwan Park ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.4

We conducted this study to select useful germplasms for investigating the agricultural performances and content variations of proximate composition, fatty acid, and isoflavone of the soybean germplasms grown at two different latitudes, Suwon (37˚16`N) and Yeoncheon (38˚12`N), Republic of Korea. The days to flowering of the soybeans grown at Suwon was early by 1 day compared with that at Yeoncheon whereas the days to maturing of the soybeans were not different by latitudes. The Yeoncheon-cultivated soybeans were greater in growth and yield than the Suwon. The crude oil in range of 17.0% to 20.0% had a positive correlation with the yield. There was a strong negative correlation between oleic acid and saturated fatty (palmitic and stearic) acid contents in the seeds producted at Suwon but the Yeoncheon were not significant. The linoleic acid in seeds of the germplasms was contained by 7.3-fold more than the linolenic acid. The malonylgenistin content was the highest among the detected isoflavones and Deapung had the highest total isoflavone content. The content of total isoflavones in the Yeoncheon-producted seeds was high more than that in the Suwon whereas those of Hei nong 44(hou), Tachikogane, and B152 grown at Suwon were significantly lower rather than those at Yeoncheon. However, the difference of latitude seemed to play an important role in the content variations of growth, yield, and fatty acids and isoflavones in the germplasms. Eventually, Tie dou 44 and WIR3722, which were stably outstanding in all the investigated aspects regardless of the growing locations, were selected as useful germplasms.

Variation in Phenotypic Characteristics and Contents of Sesquiterpene Lactones in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Germplasm

Jung-Sook Sung,On-Sook Hur,Kyoung-Yul Ryu,Hyung-Jin Baek,Susanna Choi,Sang-Gyu Kim,Binod Prasad Luitel,Ho-Cheol Ko,Jae-Gyun Gwak,Ju-Hee Rhee 한국자원식물학회 2016 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.29 No.6

Lettuce is an important annual leafy vegetable and bitterness is its potent flavor character. Lettuce germplasm differ their phenotypic characters and sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) contents which are important for consumer’s acceptance. This study was carried out to evaluate the phenotypic characters and SLs contents in one hundred lettuce germplasm in Jeonju, Korea. Twenty-three agro-morphological (16 qualitative and 7 quantitative) traits and two SLs (lactucin and lactucopicrin) contents were studied in these germplasm. Germplasm exhibited the variation in qualitative and quantitative characters. Average plant weight was 423.9 g with a range from 116.0 to 905.0 g. Lactucin content was varied from 19.7 (IT 294226) to 194.4 ㎍/g (IT 294298) with an average concentration of 84.7 ㎍/g. Lactucopicrin ranged from 82.5 (IT 300134) to 2228.6 ㎍/g (IT 294210) with an average concentration of 586.3 ㎍/g. Total SLs content was ranged from 120.1 (IT 300134) to 2286.6 (IT 294210) ㎍/g with the average concentration of 671.0 ㎍/g. Significant (p≤0.05) differences were found between crisp head and butter head germplasm for lactucin, lactucopicrin and total SLs content. Crisp head germplasm revealed the highest average lactucin (112.9 ㎍/g), lactucopicrin (734.8 ㎍/g) and total SLs content (847.7 ㎍/g). Crisp head and leafy type germplasm exhibited more total SLs content (847.7 and 744.7 ㎍/g, respectively) than cos (524.9 ㎍/g) and butter head type (519.4 ㎍/g). Principal component analyses of the quantitative traits indicated that the first principal component axis accounted more than 91% of the total variation. This study revealed the ample genetic variation in the agro-morphological traits and SLs contents to support the selection for improved lettuce varieties.

들깨 類似 種ㆍ屬 蒐集 遺傳資源의 生育特性 및 交雜親和性

Tae Soon Kwak(郭泰淳) 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Major growth characters and intergenic or inter specific cross affinity of collected perilla-related genus and species germplasms such as Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara, Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo, Perilla frutescens var. crispa Decaisne, Perilla frutescens var. Kudo for viridis Mak, Mosla punctulata Nak, Mosla japonica Max and Mosla dianthera Max were investigated to obtain the basic informations on varietal improvement in Perilla. The flowering date and plant height of perilla germplasms were 10 days later and 38㎝ longer than those of mosla germplasms. The yield and yield related characters such as panicle length, number of pods per panicle and 1000 grain weight of perilla germplasms were more and longer than those of mosla germplasms. Pod setting by intergenic and interspecific hybridization of collected perilla-related germplasms was found out in all crosses, howevar, seed setting was not found out intergenic hybridizations such as crosses between Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara with Mosla punctulata Nak and Mosla japonica Max. The interspecific F₁ seed between collected perilla-related germplasms revealed the maternal-inherited characteristic in 1000-grain weight and seed coat colour.

Characterization of Phenotypic Traits and Evaluation of Glucosinolate Contents in Radish Germplasms (Raphanus sativus L.)

김빛샘(Bichsaem Kim),허온숙(Onsook Hur),이재은(Jae-Eun Lee),Awraris Derbie Assefa,고호철(Ho-Cheol Ko),정윤조(Yun-Jo Chung),이주희(Ju-hee Rhee),한범수(Bum-Soo Hahn) 한국자원식물학회 2021 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.34 No.6

The edible roots of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are consumed worldwide. For characterization and evaluation of the agronomic traits and health-promoting chemicals in radish germplasms, new germplasm breeding materials need to be identified. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the phenotypic traits and glucosinolate contents of radish roots from 110 germplasms, by analyzing correlations between 10 quantitative phenotypic traits and the individual and total contents of five glucosinolates. Phenotypic characterization was performed based on descriptors from the UPOV and IBPGR, and glucosinolate contents were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Regarding the phenotypic traits, a significant correlation between leaf length and root weight was observed. Glucoraphasatin was the main glucosinolate, accounting for an average of 71% of the total glucosinolates in the germplasms; moreover, its content was significantly correlated with that of glucoerucin, its precursor. Principal component analysis indicated that the 110 germplasms could be divided into five groups based on their glucosinolate contents. High levels of free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH) were observed in red radishes. These results shed light on the beneficial traits that could be targeted by breeders, and could also promote diet diversification by demonstrating the health benefits of various germplasms.