지구 환경을 고려한 미래 지향적 지구 과학 교육 과정 제안

신동희,이양락,이기영,이은아,이규석 한국과학교육학회 2005 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

이 연구는 지구 과학 내용을 '지구 환경'이라는 주제를 가지고 통합시키는 지구 과학 교육 과정의 새로운 안(案)을 제시함으로써 미래 지향적 지구 과학 교과목의 정체성을 확고히 하고자 목적을 가진다. 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 첫째, 세계 주요국들의 초ㆍ중등 교육에서 이루어지고 있는 지구 과학 관련 내용과 존재 방식을 교육 과정을 중심으로 비교, 분석했다. 둘째, 제7차 중학교 과학 교과서 중 지구 과학 관련 내용의 제시 상황과 내용을 분석하여 지구 환경을 중심으로 한 새로운 지구 과학 교육의 내용 개발에 반영했다. 셋째, 교육 과정 국제 비교 분석 결과와 교과서 분석 결과를 바탕으로 지구 환경 문제 해결을 위한 중추적 역할을 담당할 수 있는 미래 지향적 지구 과학 교육의 방향을 설정하고 구체적인 교육 과정의 내용을 개발했다. 외국의 지구 과학 관련 교육 과정 분석 결과, 전통적인 과학적 내용 외에 환경 지구 과학적 내용이 강조되고 있었고, 그 나라의 지역적 특성이 반영되었으며, 실생활과 관련된 주제를 강조하고 있었다. 제7차 중학교 과학 교과서에 포함된 지구 과학 내용의 제시 상황에 따른 분석 결과, 환경 지구 과학 상황보다는 전통적 지구 과학 상황을 주로 활용해 내용을 제시한 것으로 나타났다. 이상 선진국들의 지구 과학 교육 현황을 상세하게 분석한 결과 및 국내 과학 교과서 지구 과학 영역의 현 상황을 분석한 결과를 토대로, 지구 환경을 고려한 국민 공통 지구 과학 교육 과정을 개발했다 새로 개발된 지구 과학 교육 과정은 7학년부터 10학년에 걸쳐 적용되며, 지구 환경, 우주에서의 지구, 지각의 물질과 지표의 변화, 지각 변동과 지구의 역사, 해양, 물의 순환과 날씨, 태양계의 운동 등 7개 대영역으로 구성되었다. The purpose of this study is to propose an environment-concerned earth science curriculum to provide a new role to earth science education. To accomplish this purpose, first, earth science education in the world-leading countries in science education was analyzed in consideration with status and contents of each country's national science curriculum. Second, our middle school science textbooks were analyzed to understand what is learning and how the contents are presented. On the basis of the results of curriculum and textbook analyses. a brand-new earth science curriculum with the emphasis on our earth environment were proposed. The newly proposed earth science curriculum contains 7 units, ranging from 7 to 10 grades. They are Earth Environment, Earth in the Universe, Earth Materials and Their Change, Plate Movement and Earth History, Ocean, Water Cycle and Weather, and Movements in Solar System. The proposed curriculum has several characteristics. First, contexts with emphasis on earth environment were situated in every unit. Each context was developed to best explain what the students should know in learning the units and what the teacher should have in mind in teaching the units. Second, earth science contents were considered in the perspectives both of global and local environmental issues. This proposed earth science curriculum is expected to play an important role in fostering all students' scientific literacy as well as their earth literacy.

축소 모형 실험을 통한 흙집의 동계 열환경 및 에너지성능 평가

송승영,이현화,송설영 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.9

With the increase in the demand for sustainable and environment-friendly development, the preference for earth construction material increases more and more. Earth construction material is used for the house and it is known to have a low impact on the environment due to its low embedded energy consumed to make an end use product. However, there is only little data on the indoor thermal environment and end use energy performance of the modern earth house constructed with current earth construction material because the modern earth house was introduced into the Korean construction market recently. In this study, indoor thermal environment and heating energy performance of the modern earth house were evaluated through the scaled model test in the winter. The inside and outside air and surface temperatures were measured to evaluate the thermal environment. The electricity consumption for radiant floor heating was measured to evaluate the heating energy performance. In view of heating energy performance, the results show that cases 2, 4 and 5 with earth construction material are a little better than cases 1 and 3 with cement construction material. In view of indoor thermal environment, the results show that there is little difference in the cases without heating.

지구궤도 인공위성의 임무기간 중 궤도 열 환경 분석

강수진,윤지현,정창훈,박성우 항공우주시스템공학회 2020 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.14 No.1

위성 열 설계의 시작은 운용궤도의 열 환경 분석을 통한 최악의 운용 환경을 예측하는 것이다. 위성은 주어진 임무에 맞는 다양한 형태의 운용궤도를 가지기 때문에 노출되는 열 환경 또한 다르다. 따라서, 위성의 궤도조건을 고려한 외부 열 환경 분석이 필수이며, 이를 통해 선정된 위성의 최악의 조건에 대해 열적 안정성을 보장하는 설계를 수행하게 된다. 궤도 열 환경 분석을 위해서는 궤도역학은 물론 우주 열 환경과 위성체 사이의 열 교환 관계에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지구궤도 내 우주 열 환경에 관한 기초자료를 제공하고, 위성체에 유입되는 우주 열 유입량을 계산하는 열 관계식을 서술함으로써 궤도 열 환경 분석의 이해를 돕고자 하였다. 또한, 가상의 위성 예제를 통해 임무기간 중 궤도 열 환경을 분석하는 전반적인 과정을 보였다. The start of satellite thermal design was to predict the worst operating environment through analysis of the thermal environment of the operation orbit. Because the satellites have different types of operating trajectories for their mission, the exposed thermal environment also varies. Thus, it is necessary to analyze in consideration of the orbital conditions, and a design was performed to guarantee thermal stability for the worst case defined through the analysis. The orbital thermal environmental analysis required an understanding of the basic orbit mechanics and the heat exchange relationship between the space environment and satellite. The purpose of this paper was to provide an understanding of the orbital thermal environment analysis by providing basic data on the space thermal environment in the earth-orbit and describing thermal relations that calculate the amount of space heat inflow into satellites. Additionally, an example of a virtual satellite shows the overall process of analyzing the orbital thermal environment during a mission lifetime.

중국의 희토류 자원 수출규제를 둘러싼 국제통상법적 쟁점 및 전망 -``중국-원자재 수출규제 분쟁사건``을 중심으로-

김녹영 ( Nok Young Kim ),고준성 ( Joon Sung Koh ) 안암법학회 2012 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.39

In recent years, rare earths have received worldwide attentions. Chinese leaders have long emphasized the strategic importance of rare earths. As the late Chinese patriarch Deng Xiaoping famously stated, "The Middle East has oil, and China has rare earths." China currently supplies approximately 97 percent of the world`s consumption of "rare earths," which includes 17 elements such as cerium, neodymium, lathanum, yttrium and dysprosium, to name a few. Rare earths have become essential components in high-tech industries such as computer, cell phones, light bulbs, stainless steel and a number of green technologies like wind turbines and hybrid cars. Part II examines the recent rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body (hereinafter "DSB") of the World Trade Organization (hereinafter "WTO") in China-Raw Materials, which have important legal and policy implications. At issue was China`s use of tariffs and non tariff measures to restrict the export of nine raw materials (bauxite, coke, fluorspar, magnesium, manganese, silicon carbide, silicon metal, yellow phosphorus and zinc). The complainants-the United States, the European Union and Mexico-challenged China`s export restraints as violations of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (hereinafter "GATT") and China`s Protocol of Accession (hereinafter the "Protocol"). China defended its measures by invoking GATT Article XX (g), which makes an exception for measures relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources, and Article XX (b), which allows measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. China`s argumentation, however, was rejected by the WTO judiciary. The WTO judiciary made two key findings. First, it found that China`s export duties breached China`s obligation to eliminate export duties under paragraph 11.3 of the Protocol, and that China may not invoke GATT Article XX to justify its breach, because there is no textual link between paragraph 11.3 and the GATT provision. Second, it found that China`s export restrictions violated GATT Article XI: 1, which prohibits all quantitative restrictions on imports and exports, and that the violation cannot be justified by the environmental exceptions under Article XX (b) or (g) because China failed to demonstrate that it has similarly restricted domestic consumption. Soon after the WTO rulings on China-Raw Materials, the United States, the EU and Japan filed another WTO case, challenging China`s export restrictions on rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum. Part Ⅲ overviews this case. The issues involved in the new case are almost identical with those in China-Raw Materials case, except the stakes are even higher due to the strategic importance of rare earths for high tech industries. It is expected that China will defend its restrictive measures against rare earths by invoking Article XX (b) or (g) and try to revise the irrational WTO regime on export restraints applied to newly acceding countries including China. As a conclusion, Part Ⅳ suggests the perspectives and implications of trade dispute case on China`s rare earths.

Protective effect of nanocomposite film from the low earth orbit environment

Son, Gilsang,Kim, Chun-Gon SAGE Publications 2015 Journal of composite materials Vol.49 No.19

<P>The various hazards in the low earth orbit space cause damage mostly on the exposed surfaces of polymer-based materials. Neutral particles, especially atomic oxygen, erode the exposed surface, and cyclic temperature variation produces microcracks that degrade mechanical performance. To protect substrate materials from the harmful environments, this research investigated the protective effect of nanocomposite film under a simulated low earth orbit space environment involving 4 × 10<SUP>−4 </SUP>torr high vacuum, 200 nm ultraviolet radiation, 14 thermal cycles ranging from −70 to 100, and atomic oxygen flux of 2.07 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> atoms/cm<SUP>2</SUP>s. The protective films of multi-walled carbon nanotubes or nano-silica dispersed in epoxy matrix were fabricated using a comma roll casting machine. The physical and mechanical changes of the film-protected specimens under the simulated low earth orbit environment were compared to those of no-film-protected specimens. The amount of specimen erosion during the low earth orbit simulation test was analyzed through mass change. Furthermore, the tensile performance before and after exposure to the simulated low earth orbit environment was evaluated. Since the uniformly dispersed nano-silica blocked the attack of atomic oxygen and ultraviolet radiation, and internal multi-walled carbon nanotubes impeded crack propagation due to the bridging effect, the specimens protected by nanocomposite film showed less damage on the exposed surfaces and smallest in degradation of tensile strength after exposure to the simulated low earth orbit environment.</P>

Environmental Care as a Global Concern: The Role of Christian Leaders and Educators

( Ikechukwu Michael Oluikpe ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2018 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.17 No.-

Science and technology in the 21^st century has greatly improved the quality of life today when compared to living in previous centuries. Despite the numerous remarkable advancements and developments made for human benefit through industrialization and urbanization, these have also taken their toll on the earth as humanity’s home and negatively affected the natural environment in many ways. These adverse effects, in the form of climate change, pollution and loss of biodiversity among others, have become a global concern. Christians, as part of a major world religion, have a role to play in contributing to personal and organizational efforts being made to save the planet’s environment. This paper will firstly survey the need for environmental care, secondly, establish the biblical basis and reasons why Christians should care for the environment, and finally present some practical ways Christian leaders and educators can help Christians fulfill the role of caring for the environment.

초등학생 대상 바른먹거리 및 환경교육 사례의 효과

김정원 한국식품조리과학회 2023 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of Earth Citizenship Education provided by a non-profit private foundation, for elementary school students. Methods: Earth Citizenship Education, comprising food education and environmental education, was applied and conducted for 22,435 elementary school students (2~6th grades) in Seoul, Kyunggi, Incheon, and Busan. The questionnaires collected before and after the education were statistically analysed using the SPSS 20.0 program, changes in children’s knowledge, attitude, and behavior for each education were then compared. Results: Considering food education, we found that the scores of children’s knowledge, attitude, and behavior increased by 21.1, 29.5, and 11.9 points, reaching a final score of 85.2, 75.2, and 67.3 points out of 100, respectively. The scores of environment education also increased by 12.3, 8.6, and 4.3 points, with final scores of 83.9, 69.6, and 68.6 points, respectively. The average satisfaction and recommendation levels were 87.8 and 79.9 points, respectively, for food education, and 83.3 and 76.3 points, respectively, for environment education. Conclusion: The above results indicate the positive effects of the program on children’s knowledge, attitude, and practices on food and the environment. However, the increased levels in attitude and behavior were generally lower than those of knowledge therefore, we believe that linking the program with the school curriculum, such as Practical Arts, and providing continuous educational intervention would be effective in making children practice what they learn in the program. Furthermore, Earth Citizenship Education would serve as a model of community collaboration for elementary school food education.

Impact of Nuclear Tests on Deforestation in North Korea using Google Earth-Based Spatial Images

기정훈,성민기,최충익 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The North Korean government conducted its first nuclear test in 2006 and more recently the sixth nuclear test on September 3, 2017. In order to identify how North Korea's nuclear tests have affected the environment, a scientific approach is required. Although North Korea’s nuclear tests and their environmental destruction are not a severe threat to the environment of the Korean Peninsula at this time, identifying environmental damage and taking countermeasures in advance are essential to minimize their potential threats to the environments. The purpose of this study is to study the environmental impact of North Korea’s nuclear tests using Google Earth image analysis. As a method of the study, we compare Google Earth images taken before and after each nuclear test was conducted in North Korea. To overcome limitations of the suggested comparison method, we cross-checked our results with those of previous scientific research. After the 1st-3rd nuclear tests, green spaces were found to be considerably reduced. In particular, when comparing the Google Earth images before and after the second nuclear test, some ground subsidences were observed. Such subsidences can cause tunnels on the mountainsides and cracks in rocks around the mountains, leading to the release of radioactive materials and contaminating groundwater. Besides, after the 4th-6th nuclear tests, decay and deforestation were observed not in the nuclear test sites, but in their surrounding areas. Especially after the 5th and 6th nuclear tests, the topography and the forests of the surrounding areas were severely damaged. In relation to North Korea’s nuclear tests and their impact on the natural environment, we need to prepare various policy measures to reduce North Korea's environmental pollution and natural environment destruction. Those policy measures include the establishment of various cooperative governance between the Korean government, the private sector, the academia, NGOs, and international organizations.

Impact of Nuclear Tests on Deforestation in North Korea using Google Earth-Based Spatial Images

Junghoon Ki,Minki Sung,Choongik Choi 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The North Korean government conducted its first nuclear test in 2006 and more recently the sixth nuclear test on September 3, 2017. In order to identify how North Korea s nuclear tests have affected the environment, a scientific approach is required. Although North Korea’s nuclear tests and their environmental destruction are not a severe threat to the environment of the Korean Peninsula at this time, identifying environmental damage and taking countermeasures in advance are essential to minimize their potential threats to the environments. The purpose of this study is to study the environmental impact of North Korea’s nuclear tests using Google Earth image analysis. As a method of the study, we compare Google Earth images taken before and after each nuclear test was conducted in North Korea. To overcome limitations of the suggested comparison method, we cross-checked our results with those of previous scientific research. After the 1st-3rd nuclear tests, green spaces were found to be considerably reduced. In particular, when comparing the Google Earth images before and after the second nuclear test, some ground subsidences were observed. Such subsidences can cause tunnels on the mountainsides and cracks in rocks around the mountains, leading to the release of radioactive materials and contaminating groundwater. Besides, after the 4th-6th nuclear tests, decay and deforestation were observed not in the nuclear test sites, but in their surrounding areas. Especially after the 5th and 6th nuclear tests, the topography and the forests of the surrounding areas were severely damaged. In relation to North Korea’s nuclear tests and their impact on the natural environment, we need to prepare various policy measures to reduce North Korea s environmental pollution and natural environment destruction. Those policy measures include the establishment of various cooperative governance between the Korean government, the private sector, the academia, NGOs, and international organizations.

스마트그리드가 환경과 전력산업에 미치는 영향

정수진(Soo-Jin Jeong),이성호(Sung-Ho Lee),김선형(Sun-Hyung Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2014 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2014 No.5

최근 이산화탄소 증가에 따른 지구 온난화 현상과 에너지 사용의 증가로 인한 전 세계의 유가 급등과 환경파괴가 급속히 일어나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트그리드를 구축함으로써 일어날 수 있는 환경 개선과 국가전력산업에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보기로 한다. 주요 내용으로는 기존의 전력망에 비해 스마트그리드를 구축함으로서 얻을 수 있는 환경 보존 효과와 국가 전력산업에 미치는 구체적 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구결과는 향후 우리나라의 스마트그리드 구축 사업 추진에 유익하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다. Nowadays the increasing phenomena of earth temperature as well as the increased demand of energy affect on the rapid increase of oil price and earth environment. In this paper we analyze the effect of smart grid on energy-related industry and earth environment pollution. The content includes the improvement of earth environment as well as the decrease of electric power consumption due to establishment of smart. The analyzed results will usefully applied to make national plan of future smart grid plan.