성인 ADHD와 우울한 성인의 인지통제 결함: 순행성 통제와 반응성 통제 요구도에 따른 AX-CPT 수행 비교

김인용,박태원,김호영 한국인지및생물심리학회 2022 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.34 No.2

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of cognitive control deficits in adult ADHD from the perspective of Dual Mechanism of Control (DMC), which posits that cognitive control operates via two distinct dimensions, i.e., proactive and reactive control. AX-CPT, including nogo trials, was utilized to tap cognitive control processes in a sample of 27 adults with ADHD, 17 adults with depression, and 29 healthy adults. The performance of adults with ADHD was compared to that of adults with depression as well as healthy adults to investigate the effects of depression, which is a common comorbid condition in adult ADHD. AX-CPT is a continuous performance test consisting of four types of cue-probe pairs (AX, AY, BX, BY) and requires participants to respond to a probe based on a preceding cue. AX pairs are target pairs matched with a target response, and other pairs are non-target pairs matched with a non-target response. The proactive control demands were manipulated with the proportion of AX trials(AX-40 vs. AX-70) and the reactive control demands were manipulated with nogo trials(base vs. nogo). The order of the two AX-proportion conditions were counterbalanced, and the base condition and the nogo condition were implemented in order within each AX-proportion condition. The adult ADHD group showed lower accuracy than the depression group and the healthy control group in the performance of BX trials that require proactive inhibitory control. Both the ADHD group and the depression group performed lower than the healthy control group in nogo trials that require reactive inhibitory control. These results suggest that adults with ADHD have a deficit in overall cognitive control, including proactive and reactive control, and the reactive control deficit of adult ADHD may be associated with comorbid depression as well as ADHD itself. 본 연구에서는 순행성 통제(proactive control)와 반응성 통제(reactive control)로 구분되는 기제를 통해 인지통제가 작동한다는 인지통제의 이중기제(Dual Mechanism of Control, DMC) 이론의 관점에서 성인 ADHD의 인지통제 결함의 특성을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 성인 ADHD 27명, 정상 대조군 성인 29명이 본 연구에 참여하였으며, 성인 ADHD에서 흔히 동반되는 우울이 인지통제에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 ADHD가 아닌 우울한 성인 17명도 참여하였다. 인지통제 과제로 사용된 AX-CPT는 4가지 유형의 단서-탐색자극 쌍(AX, AY, BX, BY)으로 구성되며, AX에는 표적 반응을 나머지 자극 쌍에는 비표적 반응을 하게 하는 연속수행과제이다. 본 연구에서는 표적 반응에 대응하는 단서-탐색자극 쌍인 AX의 비율(AX-40 vs. AX-70)로 순행성 통제의 요구도를, 탐색자극 대신에 반응을 억제해야 하는 nogo 자극이 제시되는 nogo 시행을 이용(기저 vs. nogo 조건)하여 반응성 통제의 요구도를 조작하였다. AX-비율 조건은 역균형화하였으며, AX-비율 조건 내에서 기저 조건, nogo 조건 순으로 실시되었다. 성인 ADHD 집단은 단서를 이용하여 반응을 사전에 준비하는 순행성 통제과정이 전반적으로 저하된 데 비해, 우울 집단은 강력히 편향된 반응을 순행적으로 억제해야 조건(AX-70의 BX)에서만 낮은 수행을 보였다. 또한 반응성 통제에 대한 요구도가 높은 nogo 시행에서는 ADHD 집단과 우울 집단 모두 정상 집단에 비해 낮은 수행을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 성인 ADHD가 순행성 통제와 반응성 통제를 포함한 전반적인 인지통제의 결함을 가짐을 시사하며, 반응성 통제 결함은 이차적 우울의 영향도 혼재되었을 가능성을 시사한다.

Robust Minimum-Time Control with Coarse/Fine Dual-Stage Mechanism

SangJoo Kwon,Joono Cheong 대한기계학회 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.11

A robust minimum-time control (RMTC) strategy is addressed and it is extended to the dual-stage servo design. Rather than conventional switching type sub-optimal controls, it is a reference following control approach where the predetermined minimum-time trajectory (MTT) is tracked by the perturbation compensator based feedback controller. First, the minimum-time trajectory for a mass-damper system is derived. Then, the perturbation compensator to achieve robust tracking performance in spite of model uncertainty and external disturbance is suggested. The RMTC is also applied to the dual-stage positioner which consists of coarse actuator and fine one. To best utilize the actuation redundancy of the dual-stage mechanism, a null-motion controller to actively regulate the relative motion between the two stages is formulated. The performance of RMTC is validated through simulation and experiment.

Robust Minimum-Time Control with Coarse/Fine Dual-Stage Mechanism

Kwon, Sang-Joo,Cheong, Joo-No The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.11

A robust minimum-time control (RMTC) strategy is addressed and it is extended to the dual-stage servo design. Rather than conventional switching type sub-optimal controls, it is a reference following control approach where the predetermined minimum-time trajectory (MTT) is tracked by the perturbation compensator based feedback controller. First, the minimum-time trajectory for a mass-damper system is derived. Then, the perturbation compensator to achieve robust tracking performance in spite of model uncertainty and external disturbance is suggested. The RMTC is also applied to the dual-stage positioner which consists of coarse actuator and fine one. To best utilize the actuation redundancy of the dual-stage mechanism, a null-motion controller to actively regulate the relative motion between the two stages is formulated. The performance of RMTC is validated through simulation and experiment.

이중 클러치의 변속기구 제어 시스템 개발

이정우(LEE Jeong-Woo) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

This paper describes the process of developing shift mechanism controller for use in dual clutch transmissions. The shift mechanism is characterized by one degree of freedom(single motor) with circular cam, whereas conventional shift mechanisms use dual motors for shift and select motion. We developed dynamic models of shift mechanism with one degree of freedom. And we developed controllers and motor drivers for shift mechanism. Through numerous experiments, we realize shift time below 0.2sec with Luk type synchronizer. And shift time about 0.355sec is realized for skip shift. the system will be combined with dual clutch controller, and commercialization process is in progress.

A study on the design of a new power transmission for wind turbines

김성걸 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.3

The single-rotor wind turbine remains the dominant design for energy production. However, this design requires improvements toovercome some of its limitations. The introduction of the dual rotor system regarded as improvement over the single-rotor system inKorea due to its high efficiency, despite Korea’s low wind quality. Many researchers have attempted to devise different dual rotor machinesand assess their power production capabilities under similar wind conditions to those in Korea. Existing power transmissions fordual-rotor wind turbines have issues with the complexity of design, difficulty in manufacturing, high costs and low efficiencies. Therefore,the aim of this study was to design a new power transmission for the dual-rotor wind turbine with an alternative to the bevelplanetarysystem by using a planetary system. This new method is dependent on the torque ratio and not the gear ratio as in common gearsystems. The design and analysis of each part, such as the gears, shafts, bearings and control mechanisms are included in this study. Thedesign is based on the power transmission of a motor vehicle. A prototype of the design is manufactured to verify the proposed method. The experimental results show that the new planetary-type gear box incurs fewer energy losses, has a high efficiency and low manufacturingcosts. It is anticipated that the proposed design might be suitable for use with commercial wind turbines.

초정밀 위치 결정 장치에 관한 연구

윤덕원(Deokwon Yun),최현석(Hyeunseok Choi),한창수(Changsoo Han),최헌종(Hunjong Choi),홍원표(Wonpyo Hong),강은구(Eungoo Kang) 한국생산제조학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Recently PZT is used in ultra precision mechanism field. PZT itself has a small driving range although it has a high resolution. Many methods, such as inchworm, impact driving, inertial sliding method, etc., have been applied for moving range expansion. In this study, a new actuating mechanism for rotational motion with two driving PZT is proposed. The actuator which is made by proposed mechanism is able to coarse motion and fine motion And we applied dual mode control to system. The behavior and design parameters of the proposed mechanism are analyzed for improving performance.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTROL STRATEGY BASED ON THE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY WITH MECHANICAL LOSS FOR A DUAL MODE POWER SPLIT-TYPE HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

J. KANG,W. CHOI,김현수 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.5

In this study, a control strategy for a dual mode power split-type hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is developed based on the powertrain efficiency. To evaluate the transmission characteristics of the dual mode power split transmission (PST), a mechanical loss model of the transmission (TM loss) is constructed. The transmission efficiency, including the TM loss, is evaluated for the dual mode PST. Two control strategies for the dual mode PST are proposed. An optimal operation line (OOL) control strategy is developed to maintain a high engine thermal efficiency by controlling the engine operation point on the OOL. A speed ratio (SR) control strategy is proposed to obtain a greater transmission efficiency by shifting the engine operation point when the dual mode PST operates near the mechanical points. Using the TM loss and the proposed control strategies, a vehicle performance simulation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the two control strategies for dual mode PST. The simulation results demonstrate that, for the SR control strategy, the engine efficiency decreases because the engine operates beyond the OOL. However, the transmission efficiency of the dual mode PST increases because the PST operates near the mechanical point where the PST shows the greatest transmission efficiency. Consequently, the fuel economy of the SR control strategy is improved by 3.8% compared with the OOL control strategy.

A Substrate Serves as a Hydrogen Atom Donor in the Enzyme-Initiated Catalytic Mechanism of Dual Positional Specific Maize Lipoxygenase-1

Huon, Thavrak,Jang, Sung-Kuk,Cho, Kyoung-Won,Rakwal, Randeep,Woo, Je-Chang,Kim, Il-Chul,Chi, Seung-Wook,Han, Ok-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.4

The maize lipoxgyenase-1 is a non-traditional dual positional specific enzyme and the reaction proceeds via enzyme-initiated catalysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the maize lipoxygenase-1 is structurally more similar to soybean LOX1 than pea LOXN2 in that it has an additional external loop (residues 318-351) in the carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. We analyzed the dependence of product distribution on concentration of linoleic acid and monitored the formation of hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid as a function of enzyme concentration. Product distribution was strongly influenced by substrate concentration, such that kinetically-controlled regioisomers were enriched and thermodynamically-controlled regioisomers were depleted at high substrate concentration. Kinetic studies indicated that the formation of hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid saturated rapidly in an enzyme concentration-dependent manner, which implied that reactivation by reoxidation of inactive Fe(II) failed to occur. Our results support the previously proposed enzyme-initiated catalytic mechanism of the maize lipoxgyenase-1 and reveals that a substrate molecule serves as a hydrogen atom donor in its enzyme-initiated catalysis.

A Substrate Serves as a Hydrogen Atom Donor in the Enzyme-Initiated Catalytic Mechanism of Dual Positional Specific Maize Lipoxygenase-1

Thavrak Huon,Sungkuk Jang,조경원,Randeep Rakwal,우제창,김일철,지승욱,한옥수 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.4

The maize lipoxgyenase-1 is a non-traditional dual positional specific enzyme and the reaction proceeds via enzyme-initiated catalysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the maize lipoxygenase-1 is structurally more similar to soybean LOX1 than pea LOXN2 in that it has an additional external loop (residues 318-351) in the carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. We analyzed the dependence of product distribution on concentration of linoleic acid and monitored the formation of hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid as a function of enzyme concentration. Product distribution was strongly influenced by substrate concentration, such that kinetically-controlled regioisomers were enriched and thermodynamically-controlled regioisomers were depleted at high substrate concentration. Kinetic studies indicated that the formation of hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid saturated rapidly in an enzyme concentration-dependent manner, which implied that reactivation by reoxidation of inactive Fe(II) failed to occur. Our results support the previously proposed enzyme-initiated catalytic mechanism of the maize lipoxgyenase-1 and reveals that a substrate molecule serves as a hydrogen atom donor in its enzyme-initiated catalysis.

산업용 양팔로봇의 설계 및 제어

박찬훈(Chan Hun Park),박경택(Kyoung Taik Park) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2008 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.25 No.11

The study on dual arm robot manipulator which consists of two 6-DOF arms and one 2-DOF torso is introduced. This dual arm robot manipulator is designed for automation of assembly process in automotive manufacturing line. Each industrial 6-DOF arm can be used as a stand-alone type of industrial robot manipulator with 6-DOF and as a manipulator part of dual arm robot at the same time. These structures help the robot maker willing to succeed in emerging market of dual arm robots have the high competitive power for the current industrial robot market and the emerging market of dual arm robot at the same time. The research results of the design concept, workspace analysis and the PC-based controller will be introduced.