20대 여대생을 대상으로 한 치아우식활성검사 연구

윤미숙,윤혜정 한국치위생과학회 2010 치위생과학회지 Vol.10 No.6

This study surveyed salivary flow rate, salivary viscosity, and salivary buffering capacity in order to intensively analyze salivary factors among factors of occurrence in dental caries for finding mutually different factors that function in occurrence of dental caries depending on each individual. Even the acid body within dental plaque has great influence upon dental caries. Thus, the comparative analysis was carried out by surveying the hydrogen ion concentration in dental plaque. The following results were obtained in this study. 1. The average decayed teeth in the survey subjects stood at 1.67 piece. The extracted teeth caused by dental caries stood at 0.47 piece. The filled teeth were indicated to be 6.31 pieces. Accordingly, the average permanent dental caries experience teeth were surveyed to be 8.44 pieces. 2. The results according to dental caries activity test method were indicated to be 12.56±4.15ml for the average stimulated salivary flow rate, 3.89±1.83ml for non-stimulated salivary flow rate, 1.49±0.69 for salivary viscosity, and 8.51±2.44 for salivary buffering capacity. The hydrogen ion concentration test in dental plaque was indicated to be 5.62±0.50 for before brushing teeth, 5.23±0.58 for 5 minutes after brushing teeth, 5.25±0.56 for 10 minutes after brushing teeth, 5.29±0.62 for 15 minutes after brushing teeth, 5.34±0.58 for 20 minutes after brushing teeth, 5.40±0.53 for 25 minutes after brushing teeth, and 5.61±0.59 for 30 minutes after brushing teeth. 3. Stimulated salivary and non-stimulated salivary flow rate,salivary viscosity, and salivary buffering capacity were indicated to be higher in group with non-caries than group with caries. However, it was statistically insignificant. The hydrogen ion concentration in dental plaque showed wholly statistical significant in the relationship with people with dental caries under progression. However, people without dental caries were indicated to be higher than people with dental caries. 4. As for correlation between caries activity test methods, the stimulated salivary flow rate had significantly positive correlation with non-stimulated salivary flow rate(p<0.001). Non-stimulated salivary flow rate showed negative correlation with salivary buffering capacity(p<0.01). The hydrogen ion concentration test in dental plaque showed positive correlation according to the passage of time after brushing teeth. However, there was no significant correlation with salivary viscosity and salivary buffering capacity(p>0.05).

제7기(2016-2018년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용한 한국 아동·청소년의 치아우식 위험요인 분석

정세환 ( Se-hwan Jung ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2023 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.47 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the prevalence of dental caries and the risk factors using data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for improving the dental caries risk assessment model in child continuing care program from the registered dentists. Methods: The oral examination integrated data of the 7th wave (2016-2018) were downloaded from KNHANES website. The subjects of analysis were children ages 1 to 5 years for the primary teeth caries and children ages 6 to 18 years for permanent teeth caries. Dental caries risk factors included socio-demographic status (age, gender, region, household income), oral health behaviors (brushing teeth frequency, brushing teeth before bed, daily intake of sugar), dental care utilization (dental examination, preventive dental care, unmet dental needs), and the prevalence of dental caries in the parents. Complex samples logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: While the dental caries of children and adolescents were associated with age and gender, it was not associated with region and household income. In addition, there was no association between brushing teeth and dental caries, but it was found between daily sugar intake and primary teeth caries. The association between unmet dental needs and dental caries was clear, and the primary teeth caries were associated with dental examination or preventive dental care. The prevalence of dental caries in the parents was associated with primary and permanent dental caries in their children, respectively. Conclusions: Although the results of this study were obtained from the representative data in the national level, the evidence was limited because of cross-sectional study. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct follow-up studies, such as a cohort study or clinical trial for the development of dental caries assessment model that are evidence-based.

성인의 건강관련 생활양식과 치아우식증과의 관련성

김수경 ( Soo Kyung Kim ) 한국치위생과학회 2015 치위생과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The study was intended to investigate the factors affecting dental caries in adults. To that end, adults aged 19 years and older among 10,113 subjects who completed the health-related questionnaire, medical examination and nutrition surveys in the first year (2013) of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, and 4,843 subjects categorized as patients with permanent teeth caries were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in line with socio-economic aspects was found to be higher in men than in women. In view of education, the prevalence of dental caries was high in high school graduates, middle school graduates, college graduates and other advanced degree holders in the order named. Low monthly income earners showed the highest prevalence of dental caries. As for health-related lifestyles, the prevalence of dental caries was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Obese subjects showed a little higher prevalence of dental caries compared to people of normal weight. Also, the prevalence was higher in those who failed to get oral examination than otherwise. Frequent daily toothbrushing and use of dental floss and interdental brush significantly decreased the prevalence of dental caries. In the logistic regression analysis with the presence or absence of dental caries employed as a dependent variable, gender, age, income level, smoking, oral examination and use of dental floss were found to serve as independent variables affecting dental caries. Therefore, Korean adults`` socio-economic factors and lifestyles were proved to affect dental caries, which warrants some dental health programs and action plans designed to help lead healthy lifestyles whilst preventing dental caries and improving dental health in adults.

소아의 치아우식 부위별 우점 세균 분리 및 동정

김은미 ( Eun-mi Kim ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2018 한국치위생학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Objectives: The study aimed to isolate the abundant bacteria in dental caries in children and to investigate the bacterial species involved in addition to those that have been previously reported. Methods: The specimens were collected from the supragingival plaques of each dental caries area, pit and fissure caries, deep dentinal caries, smooth surface caries, and dental caries, and from healthy subjects in the control group. Bacteria were cultured from these specimens, DNA was extracted from the isolated bacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed and identified. Results: Based on the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for the 90 strains of dominant bacteria from the 45 specimens, 5, 7, 8, 7, and 13 species were identified from the supragingival plaques from healthy teeth, pit and fissure caries, deep dentinal caries, smooth surface caries, and dental caries, respectively. In healthy teeth, Actinomyces naeslundii dominated. Corynebacterium durum, Ralstonia pickettii, and Streptococcus intermedius showed equal distribution. The dominant bacterial species in dental caries, S. sanguinis, showed the greatest difference in prevalence in pit and fissure caries. In deep dentinal caries, S. mutans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were dominant; in smooth surface caries, S. mutans and S. sanguinis were dominant; and in the supragingival plaques of dental caries, S. sanguinis and S. mutans were dominant. Conclusions: The bacterial species isolated from dental caries encompassed four phyla, eight genera, and 22 species. In addition, the SS1-2 strain, belonging to the genus Neisseria, was identified as a new species from among the isolated strains.

한국인의 치아우식 유병률의 불평등 현황 및 관련요인 분석

신보미 ( Bo Min Shin ),정세환 ( Se Hwan Jung ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2012 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the socio-economic inequalities in dental caries in the Korean population, throughout the life course and to assess the association of demographic, oral health behavior and psychological factors on the socio-economic differences in dental caries. Methods: Cross-sectional data were from the Forth Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were 20,400 people over the age of 1 year, who participated in the health interview, dental examination and dietary survey, and were divided into five groups, according to their life course; infant (1-5 years), children (6-11 years), adolescent (12-18 years), adults (19-64 years), and the elderly (65 years and older). To assess the socio-economic inequalities in dental caries and related factors, we used complex samples logistic regression models. Results: We found that there were socio-economic differences in dental caries among children, adolescents and adults, After adjusting for related factors, the socio-economic inequalities in dental caries persisted, While there were no significant difference in dental caries of infants, according to the household income, there were significant socio-economic difference in the elderly, But after adjusting for all related factors, statistically significant differences disappeared. Oral hygiene factors, diet factors and dental care utilization factors partly affected the socio-economic inequalities in dental caries, and the dental care utilization factors were more effective than the others. Conclusions: There were socio-economic differences in the dental caries in Korean children, adolescents and adults. But it is hard to assess the pathway of the socio-economic inequalities in dental caries because of the limitation of cross sectional study and other possible variables that could not be used as a measurement for socio-economic position because of the restricted variables in this survey data. Therefore, more extensive longitudinal research is required to better address the pathways that explain the socio-economic inequalities in dental caries throughout the life course in Korea.

학교구강보건실 운영 초등학교 학생들의 치아우식증 관련 요인

이선아,류소연,최성우,한미아 한국모자보건학회 2015 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the factors related with dental caries of children in elementary schools with dental care program. Methods: The study subjects were 455 students (grades 5~6) in two elementary schools with dental care program. The students were examined dental examination including the determination of caries frequency and dental sealant and surveyed using the self-administered questionnaire. The used statistical analysis methods were chi-square test, t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence rates of untreated dental caries and dental caries including untreated and treated were 26.8% and 67.3% respectively. As a result of multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk factors of untreated dental caries were gender (OR in girl=1.85, 95% CI=1.18~2.88) and drinking soda beverages (OR in one time per day=1.81, 95% CI=1.10-2.96; OR in 2 times and more per day=2.37, 95% CI=1.26~4.44) and poorer awareness of oral health (OR=1.06, 95% CI= 1.00~1.10). Whereas the protective factor was the dental sealant (OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.17~0.55). Conclusions: This study showed that gender, dental sealants, awareness of oral health and drinking of soda beverages were associated factors with untreated dental caries. It might be important to reinforce the revised dental care program in elementary school to prevent the dental caries in children, and need to be performed prospective study to fine the risk factors of dental caries.

한국 성인의 혈중 엽산 농도와 치아우식증의 관련성 연구

이성희 ( Sunghee Lee ),박상신 ( Sangshin Park ) 대한보건협회 2021 대한보건연구 Vol.47 No.4

연구목적 : 이전의 연구들은 엽산과 일부 구강건강이 연관되어 있다는 것을 보여주었지만, 엽산과 치아우식증의 연관성은 아직 확립되지 않았다. 이 연구의 목적은 혈중 엽산 농도와 치아우식증의 관계를 확인하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 분석은 2016~2018년 국민건강영양조사 자료 중 만 20세 이상 성인 4,493명의 데이터로 수행되었다. 엽산 농도에 따른 영구치 우식 상태를 확인하기 위해 연속형 엽산과 5분위 수준, 치아우식증 개수와 유병률을 사용하여 다중 선형 및 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 : 연구 참여자의 평균 연령은 49.5세였으며, 치아우식증 유병률은 28.7%였다. 공변량 보정 후 1분위(최저)와 2분위 수 참여자의 오즈(odds)는 5분위에 비해 각각 44%, 38% 높았다(P for trend = 0.015). 또한 1분위에서 5분위 수의 치아우식증 유병률은 32.1%, 30.9%, 30.5%, 29.5%, 25.5%로 엽산 농도가 올라갈수록 치아우식증 유병률이 감소했다(P for trend = 0.016). 혈중 엽산 농도의 증가는 치아우식증 개수 감소와도 관련이 있었다(B = -0.047±0.02 and P value = 0.007). 우식증 개수는 혈중 엽산 농도와 반비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 한국 성인의 혈중 엽산 농도는 영구치 우식 유병률 및 개수와 음의 관계에 있었다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum folate concentration and dental caries. Previous studies have shown a link between folate and some oral health, but the relationship between folate and permanent dental caries has yet to be established. Methods : Our study population was 4,493 adults in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018. To determine the status of dental caries relative to serum folate concentration, folate was divided into quintiles. We performed multiple linear and logistic regressions for the number of dental caries and prevalence of dental caries, respectively. Results : The average age of participants was 49.5 years old, and their prevalence of dental caries was 28.7%. After covariate adjustments, the odds of participants in the 1st (lowest) and 2nd quintiles were 44% and 38% higher than that of the 5th quintile, respectively (P for trend = 0.015). Additionally, the prevalence of dental caries in the 1st to 5th quintiles was 32.1%, 30.9%, 30.5%, 29.5%, and 25.5%, indicating that the prevalence of dental caries decreased as the concentration of folate increased (P for trend = 0.016). An increase in serum folate was also associated with a decrease in the number of dental caries (B = -0.047 ±0.02 and P value = 0.007). The average number of dental caries was found to be inversely proportional to the serum folate concentration. Conclusions : Serum folate concentration in Korean adults was negatively related to the prevalence and number of dental caries.

Association between diet quality and untreated dental caries: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Sim Seon-Ju,Moon Ja-Young,Shin Hye-Sun 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.5

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Few studies have provided evidence of the association between diet quality and dental caries. This study aimed to examine the association between diet quality and untreated dental caries in a Korean representative population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population included a sample of 13,815 participants, aged ≥ 19 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur vey during 2013–2015. The explanator y variable was diet quality and the outcome variable was untreated dental caries. Untreated dental caries were defined by the number of decayed teeth recorded according to the criteria established by the World Health Organization. Diet quality was defined by using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) through the 24-h recall methods. We assessed the association between diet quality and untreated dental caries while adjusting for age, sex, education, income, smoking status, dental visits, toothbrushing frequencies, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean overall KHEI scores in the untreated dental caries group were significantly lower than those in the group without untreated dental caries. Significant differences were obser ved in the untreated dental caries group based on the KHEI quartiles (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the quartiles of KHEI scores showed an association with untreated dental caries, demonstrating a dose-effect trend (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence inter val [CI], 1.35–1.84 for 1st quartile; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19–1.59 for 2nd quartile; OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14–1.53 for 3rd quartile; reference quartile highest]). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated an inverse association between diet quality and untreated dental caries in Korean adults. Healthcare providers should take into account the significant role of diet quality in preventing and managing oral health.

초등학교 아동의 치아우식성 식품섭취 및 영양교육 효과에 관한 연구

김혜영,원복연,류시현 한국조리과학회 2002 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.18 No.6

본 연구는 초등학교 아동의 식습관, 간식습관 및 섭식실태를 급식교와 비급식교에 따라 비교 분석함으로서 치아우식증 발생과의 관련성을 규명하고, 조사대상 아동들에게 영양교육 프로그램을 실시한 후 교육효과를 평가하고자 실시하였다. 1. 급식여부에 따른 식습관 조사 결과, 급식교 아동이 비급식교의 아동보다 아침식사의 규칙성, 식사속도, 식사량의 적당성 및 식사시간의 규칙성에 있어 바람직한 편이었고, 고기나 생선, 해조류, 우유나 유제품의 섭취정도도 약간 높게 나타나 급식을 통하여 올바른 식생활 태도가 형성되는 것으로 보여졌으며 전반적으로 영양교육 후 식습관에 있어 긍정적인 변화를 나타내 영양교육의 효과가 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 카라멜, 초콜렛 및 사탕류, 비스켓류 등의 치아우식유발 지수가 높은 우시성 식품을 간식으로 자주 섭취하고 있었고 충치유발 요인 인지 시 간식을 덜 사먹겠다는 아동이 급식교에서 다소 많았으며, 물리적 청적작용을 하는 껌을 간식으로 씹는 경우는 1주일에 2∼2회가 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 영향교육 후 치아우식에 영향을 줄 수 있는 시간인 저녁 식사 후에 간식을 먹는 아동과 TV 광고로 인해 간식을 선택하는 아동의 비율이 낮아졌으며, 세정식품인 채소와 과일, 단백질, 해조류, 우유 또는 유제품의 섭취는 교육 후 약간 증가하였다. 3. 치아우식과 관련이 있는 당질군을 제외한 모든 식품군에서 비급식교 아동보다 급식교 아동의 섭취횟수가 높게 나타났으며 1인 1일 우식성 식품의 평균 섭취 횟수는 평균 5.04회였고, 고체식품보다는 액체식품으로 섭취하는 횟수가 다소 높았다. 치아표면에서 청청작용을 하여 치면세균막의 형성을 감소시켜 우식증을 예방하는 세정식품의 평균 섭취 횟수는 1인 1일 기준식품 표준섭취 횟수보다 높은 9.33회로 나타났다. 1인 1일 우식발생 가능 시간은 100.9분이었는데, 액체 식품의 우식발생 가능 시간은 56.2분으로 44.6분인 고체 식품에서 보다 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 식습관이 치아우식발생과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있으므로 초등학교 아동에 있어 치아우식을 유발할 수 있는 간식의 섭취를 줄이되 우식성 식품을 간식으로 섭취한 후에는 잇솔질을 반드시 실시하도록 하며 정규식사에서 치아를 보호하는 세정식품의 섭취에 대한 영양교육이 지속적이고 단계적으로 꾸준히 이루어져야 한다고 본다. This study intended to compare dietary and snack habits of primary students in the schools providing and non-providing lunch to clarify the correlation between those conditions and the occurrence of dental caries. Furthermore, this study also focused on evaluation educational effects by providing children with nutritional education program. 1. As a result of dietary habit analysis, it was found that children from the school providing lunch were better in terms of breakfast regularity, eating speed, optimum amount of intake, and meal time regularity than those from the school non-providing lunch. In particular, it was noted that children from the school providing lunch took a little more meat, fish, seaweed and milk or dairy products than those from school non-providing lunch. Thus, it could be assumed that children provided with lunch have more reasonable dietary habit than those without lunch program. In general, it was found that there was a slight positive change in children's dietary habit after nutritional instruction than before, suggesting that the nutritional education had effects on improving their dietary habit. 2. It was found that primary students often took snacks causing dental caries such as caramel, chocolate, sweets and biscuits, and children from the school providing lunch were more willing to reduce those snacks upon recognizing the causes of dental caries than those from the school non-providing lunch. For the children who chewed gum with physical cleansing effects, it was shown that the highest frequency was twice or three times a week. Moreover, the ratio of children who took snacks following dinner which might affect their dental caries and the ratio of children who selected snacks because of TV commercial were both reduced after nutritional education. Also the consumption of detergent foods like vegetable, fruit, protein, seaweed, milk or dietary products after nutritional education was increased. 3. It was found that children from the school providing lunch took more often all food groups except for food group Ⅳ affecting dental caries than those from the school non-providing lunch. The average number of consuming foods which cause dental caries was 5.04 times per person a day, and most of those were rather taken by liquid than solid food. The average eating times of rinsing foods which kill the bacteria on the surface of teeth and prevent from dental caries, was 9.33 for a person a day, which was a little higher than recommended time. Exposed time for dental caries for a person a day was 100.9 min, of which liquid dental caries was 56.2 min and solid dental caries was 44.6 min, suggesting that liquid food had a high potential to cause dental caries.

Deep learning convolutional neural network algorithms for the early detection and diagnosis of dental caries on periapical radiographs: A systematic review

Musri, Nabilla,Christie, Brenda,Ichwan, Solachuddin Jauhari Arief,Cahyanto, Arief Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2021 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.51 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse and review deep learning convolutional neural networks for detecting and diagnosing early-stage dental caries on periapical radiographs. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies published from 2015 to 2021 under the keywords(deep convolutional neural network) AND (caries), (deep learning caries) AND (convolutional neural network) AND (caries) were systematically reviewed. Results: When dental caries is improperly diagnosed, the lesion may eventually invade the enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue, leading to loss of tooth function. Rapid and precise detection and diagnosis are vital for implementing appropriate prevention and treatment of dental caries. Radiography and intraoral images are considered to play a vital role in detecting dental caries; nevertheless, studies have shown that 20% of suspicious areas are mistakenly diagnosed as dental caries using this technique; hence, diagnosis via radiography alone without an objective assessment is inaccurate. Identifying caries with a deep convolutional neural network-based detector enables the operator to distinguish changes in the location and morphological features of dental caries lesions. Deep learning algorithms have broader and more profound layers and are continually being developed, remarkably enhancing their precision in detecting and segmenting objects. Conclusion: Clinical applications of deep learning convolutional neural networks in the dental field have shown significant accuracy in detecting and diagnosing dental caries, and these models hold promise in supporting dental practitioners to improve patient outcomes.