Comparative analysis of the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase, cortisol levels, and athletes’ performance in archery competitions

( In-soo Lim ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.4

[Purpose] This study aimed to analyze the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), and salivary cortisol (sC) changes in athletes showing a high or low level performance in an actual archery competition. [Methods] The participants were female university athletes who participated in the individual 50 m archery competition at the 21st Korean National Archery Team Trials, in July 2018. Based on their game record in the competition, 9 athletes were allocated to the high-performance group (HPG) and another 9 to the low-performance group (LPG). Anxiety caused by the competition was rated on a 1-10 point Likert scale at 30 min before competition (pre-30), 3 min before competition (pre-3), and 30 min after competition (post-30). This assessment method directly measured their cognitive anxiety. Saliva samples were collected in a tube by having the athletes chew on an absorber swab. For data analysis, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed and Pearson’s correlation method was applied to correlate the variables. [Results] In the actual competition, significant difference between the game records of the HPG (mean score 339.5±4.1) and the LPG (mean score 323.3±3.4) was observed. Competitive anxiety showed a significant decrease in the HPG compared to the LPG. Due to the competition, sAA and sC were significantly decreased in the HPG compared to the LPG. Analysis of correlations between competition scores, anxiety, sAA, and sC, revealed that lower anxiety was associated with higher scores in the HPG. Pre-3 anxiety positively correlated with pre-3 sAA and sC. In the LPG, lower scores were associated with persistent anxiety until the completion of the competition. Positive correlations were observed for pre-3 anxiety with post-30 sC, pre-3 sAA with post-30 sAA and sC, and pre-3 cortisol with post-30 sAA. [Conclusion] Increased anxiety in the actual archery competition was associated with significant increase in sAA and sC. Elevated sAA and sC from prior-competition to post-competition stage were associated with reduced performance. Significant correlations between the measured variables (game records, anxiety, sAA, and sC) were associated with worse performance.

Effect of preoperative anxiety on spectral entropy during induction with propofol

Yun Hong Kim,최원준 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.65 No.2

Background: Anxiety influences brain wave activity. E-Entropy module-derived spectral entropy is an electroencephalographic derivative used to monitor the depth of sedation. This study assessed the effect of preoperative anxiety on the spectral entropy parameters of response entrophy (RE) and state entrophy (SE). Methods: Trait anxiety was measured in 92 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form X2 and state anxiety with STAI-X1 just before anesthesia. RE, SE, blood pressure and heart rate were measured before induction. Propofol was infused via a target controlled infusion pump. At loss of consciousness (LOC), the effect-site concentration (Ce), RE, SE and total amount of propofol were recorded. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their state and trait anxiety scores to evaluate the effect of anxiety level on entropy values. Results: STAI-X1 was significantly correlated with RE and SE for LOC (ρ = 0.230, P = 0.028 and ρ = 0.308, P = 0.003, respectively) and also with STAI-X2 (ρ = 0.411, P = 0.001, respectively). SE was higher in the high state anxiety group than in the low state anxiety group (P = 0.017). The other measured variables were not correlated with any anxiety scales. Conclusions: The state of anxiety increases RE and SE values at LOC induced with propofol. High state anxiety is associated with higher SE than apparent at low state anxiety. When determining the propofol-induced LOC by spectral entropy, anxiety levels should be considered.

Creating a Discourse for Understanding Second Language Acquisition and Anxiety

Wayne Bottiger,김경열 한국중앙영어영문학회 2013 영어영문학연구 Vol.55 No.2

There has been a lengthy discussion concerning the idea that anxiety interferes with or diminishes the capacity for second language learning. Those included in the discussion are scholars, researchers, instructors, and L2 learners themselves. At issue is the question of how significant the influence of anxiety on inhibiting language learning really is. This article explores second language acquisition and discusses the implications related to ‘anxiety’. While the concept of anxiety is multi-faceted, the main area of interest for researchers and practitioners alike focuses on how anxiety actually influences language learning. Numerous types of anxiety have been identified including state anxiety, trait anxiety, situation-specific anxiety, and achievement anxiety just to name a few. Many have theorized that it is the wide variety of anxiety-types that is partly to blame for the mixed and confusing results of research done on this topic. Scovel (1978) states that anxiety is “not a simple, unitary construct that can be comfortably quantified into ‘high’ or ‘low’ amounts” (p. 137). Typically language anxiety or foreign language anxiety (FLA) is categorized as a situation-specific anxiety (Ellis, 1994), similar in type to other familiar manifestations of anxiety such as stage fright or test anxiety.

키르케고르의 자유의 가능성으로서의 불안과 사이코드라마의 우주적 불안 - 철학적‧사이코드라마적 재조명을 통한 불안의 역설 -

손창선 동국대학교 동서사상연구소 2016 철학·사상·문화 Vol.0 No.22

This paper aims paradoxically the necessity of anxiety through the reilluminations of the philosophical(Kierkegaard) and psychodramatical(Moreno) meanings of anxiety. Kierkegaard asserts that only the spiritual being i.e., a human can experience anxiety. He sees anxiety as a psychological state that human as a free being experiences when he leaps qualitatively from one state to another state. The person who seeks stability without the true human spirit, that is, the person who is bound by unfreedom cannot experience anxiety. Only, through the infinite free spirit, a finite human can experience anxiety. That is, for Kierkegaard, anxiety is a person's psychological state facing the possibility of freedom. In psychotherapy area, anxiety is not always treated as something that needs to be removed. As a synthesis of psychotherapy, psychodrama relates anxiety to trying to return to a cosmic being. Human as a cosmic being is eager forr free transformation to the whole universe, and anxiety occurs in cosmic hunger to maintain cosmic identity. It is related with trying to reach a role reversal with the whole universe, attempting to have creative encounters with other beings. Anxiety is the state of hunger for this encounter. As indicated above, for Kierkegaard and psychodrama, anxiety is understood in the prospect freedom and encounter, and by fully suggesting the different view of value and necessity of anxiety, it provides the new power of starting a life from anxiety. 이 논문은 ‘불안’의 의미에 대한 임상철학적인 재조명을 통해 인간 삶에서의 불안의 가치, 불안의 필요성을 역설적으로 주장하려는 데에 목적이 있다. 키르케고르는 정신적인 존재인 인간만이 불안을 경험한다고 하였다. 그는 자유로운 존재인 인간이 어떤 한 상태에서 다른 상태로 질적비약을 할 때 경험하는 심리 상태를 불안으로 보고 있다. 진정한 인간 정신을 지니지 못한 채 안정을 추구하는 사람, 부자유에 얽매인 사람은 이런 불안을 경험하지 못한다. 오직 무한히 자유롭고자 하는 정신을 통해서만 유한한 인간이 불안을 경험할 수 있다. 즉, 키르케고르에게 불안은 곧 자유의 가능성 앞에 놓인 개인이 경험하는 심리 상태이다. 정신치료 영역에서도 불안이 제거해야 할 요소로만 취급되는 것은 아니다. 다양한 정신치료 방법들을 종합하며 등장한 사이코드라마는, 불안을 인간이 우주적인 존재로 돌아가려는 것과 연관 짓는다. 우주적 존재인 인간은 온 우주로의 자유로운 변환을 갈망하며, 온 우주와의 이 동일성을 유지하려는 우주적 갈증에 의해 야기되는 것이 바로 불안이다. 그것은 온 우주와 역할교대하려는 것, 다른 존재와 창조적 만남을 가지려는 갈망과 관련된다. 따라서 불안은 이런 만남을 갈망하는 상태에 다름 아니다. 이처럼 키르케고르와 사이코드라마의 불안은 자유와 만남이라는 지평에서 이해되는 것으로서, 불안한 인간에게 불안의 가치와 필요성에 관해 완전히 다른 관점을 제시하여 불안으로부터 삶을 시작하는 새로운 힘을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Effects of shirodhara in generalized anxiety disorder

Rastogi, Sanjeev,Baiswar, Antriksha,Nischal, Anil,Srivastava, Prem Swarup,Nischal, Anuradha Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2016 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.6 No.4

Anxiety is a common clinical presentation. Primary anxiety poses a significant problem in its management. Many among the current treatment options of anxiety are habit forming causing significant withdrawal symptoms. There are dose dependent responses often associated with drug adversities. Day time sedation is an undesired effect of many drugs used for anxiety management limiting its usage. Ayurveda recommends a bio- physical procedure to manage anxiety. Shirodhara, a dripping procedure is utilized as a front line therapy for anxiety in Ayurveda. Seeing the limitations of conventional biomedical management of anxiety requiring an improvement upon the existing protocols of managements, and also seeing the use of shirodhara for anxiety management in ayurvedic clinics, a pragmatic study to evaluate the effect of shirodhara in generalized anxiety disorder was done. This was a pragmatic study consisting of shirodhara with ksheer bala oil as an intervention upon generalized anxiety disorder patients. The study was conducted upon 13 patients and observations were done for six weeks. The responses observed through the changes in Hamilton Anxiety Scale were evaluated using paired t test to observe the pre-post significance.

Prevalence of Anxiety May Not be Elevated in Thai Ovarian Cancer Patients Following Treatment

Chittrakul, Saranya,Charoenkwan, Kittipat,Wongpakaran, Nahathai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: To compare prevalence of anxiety in ovarian cancer patients following primary treatment to that of normal women and to examine predicting factor. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 56 ovarian cancer patients who had primary surgical treatment within the past five years (cancer group) and 56 age-matched women who attended an outpatient clinic for check-ups (non-cancer group) were recruited from June 2013 to January 2014. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), was used to determine anxiety level of the participants with the score of ${\geq}11$ suggestive of anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and mean HADS scores for anxiety were compared between the study groups. For those with ovarian cancer, associations of demographic and clinical factors with anxiety was examined. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Participants in the non-cancer group had higher rate of medical comorbidity, higher salary, and more frequent university education. The prevalence of anxiety was not different between the groups, at 7.1% each. The mean HADS scores for anxiety subscale were not significantly different between the groups, 5.0 in the cancer group vs 6.1 in the non-cancer group (p=0.09). On multivariable analysis, no demographic or clinical factors significantly associated with anxiety were identified. For the cancer group, no association between any particular factors and anxiety was demonstrated. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety in women with ovarian cancer following primary treatment was comparable to that of normal women seeking routine check-up.

Anxiety attacks with or without life-threatening situations, major depressive disorder, and suicide attempt: a nationwide community sample of Korean adults

Kim, Hyewon,Choi, Kwan Woo,Na, Eun Jin,Hong, Jin Pyo,Fava, Maurizio,Mischoulon, David,Cho, Hana,Jeon, Hong Jin Elsevier 2018 Psychiatry Research Vol.270 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Regardless of categorical diagnosis, many psychiatric patients suffer from sudden attack of fear or intense anxiety. In this study, we defined anxiety attacks to refer to these phenomena and investigated their association with depression and suicide attempts. A total of 12,532 adults randomly selected population through the one-person-per-household method completed a face-to-face interview using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). A total of 5.88% reported to have experienced anxiety attacks. Among them, 46.5% reported to have experienced anxiety attacks without life-threatening situations. ‘Anxiety attacks’ group reported more suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts, which were even higher frequencies in ‘anxiety attacks without life-threatening situations’ group than ‘anxiety attacks only with life-threatening situations’ group and showed stronger association with lifetime suicide attempts when it had comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) (AOR = 9.69, 95%CI 5.90–15.90), compared with ‘never’ group. There was no association between each symptom of patients with anxiety attacks and their lifetime suicide attempt. In conclusion, the finding suggests that there are as many individuals who experience anxiety attacks without life-threatening situations as those with life-threatening situations. And anxiety attacks appear to be relevant to an increased risk of suicide attempt, especially without life-threatening situations and with comorbid MDD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An anxiety attack means “a sudden attack of fear or intense anxiety”. </LI> <LI> Many people experienced anxiety attacks even without life-threatening situations. </LI> <LI> Anxiety attacks were relevant to an increased suicide risk, especially without life-threatening situations and with comorbid MDD. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Complexity of Speaking Anxiety in a Graduate EFL Classroom

Jeffrey Dawala Wilang,Thanh Duy Vo 아시아영어교육학회 2018 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.15 No.3

Anxiety among students in non-English speaking learning contexts remains a dynamic construct due to moment-by-moment fluctuations influenced by different variables – teacher, peers, task, among others. To understand the complexity of speaking anxiety, this study presents the results of case studies of two low, moderate, and high anxious graduate students chosen based on their anxiety selfreports. Data sources include a self-report anxiety questionnaire, heart rate monitor, idiodynamic selfrating, observation, and semi-structured individual interview. Each participant was asked to wear a heart rate monitor while speaking and being observed by the researcher. In addition, the participants were asked individually to rate their moment-by-moment anxiety by using the idiodynamic method. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded accordingly. The use of five data sources revealed findings that demonstrate the strength of considering specific short periods of time and individual level studies when investigating speaking anxiety. Methodological implications were generated to investigate the complex nature of anxiety in non-English speaking contexts.

한국어 학습자의 현대시 학습 불안감 연구 -중국 내 대학에 재학 중인 고급 학습자를 대상으로-

NING WANG 서울대학교 국어교육연구소 2023 국어교육연구 Vol.51 No.-

This study examines the layered anxiety experienced by Korean learners academically reading modern poetry, and thus formally conceptualizes the phenomenon of “modern Korean poetry learning anxiety.” Sixty-one advanced Korean learners attending D university in China were surveyed. A "Modern Korean Poetry Study Anxiety Questionnaire" was newly designed as a measurement tool based on the existing Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. Eight factors of modern poetry learning anxiety were extracted using SPSS Ver. 26, and significant differences in the degree of learning anxiety were identified based on four learner variables: gender, region of origin, Korean language learning period, and Korean literature learning career. When learner's anxiety level was divided into three degrees of difficulty—"high-medium-hardness”—there was a significant difference in the degree of learning anxiety according to the level of anxiety under factors 1–6 among the eight factors. Finally, multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of each factor on overall learning anxiety. 본 연구는 ‘한국 현대시 학습 불안감’이라는 개념을 중심으로 한국어 학습자들이 경험하는 현대시 학습에 대한 불안감을 다층위적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 본 연구는 중국 내 D대학교에 재학 중인 학문 목적의 고급 한국어 학습자 총 61인을 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 '외국어 교실 불안 척도(FLCAS)'를 바탕으로 <현대시 학습 불안 설문지>를 측정 도구로 새로이 설계하였다. SPSS Ver. 26을 활용하여 통계분석을 실시한 결과, 총 8개의 현대시 학습 불안 요인이 추출되었으며, ‘성별’, ‘출신지역’, ‘한국어 학습기간’, 그리고 ‘한국문학 학습경력’의 총 4가지 학습자 변인에 따라 학습 불안 정도에 유의미한 차이가 확인되었다. 또한 학습자의 불안 수준을 ‘고-중-경도’의 세 층위로 나눌 때, 요인①-⑥하에서 불안 수준에 따른 학습 불안 정도에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 마지막으로 각 불안 요인이 전체 현대시 학습 불안에 미치는 영향력에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 학습 불안감이 한국 현대시 교육-학습 과정에 영향을 주는 것이 명백하다. 이에 학습자의 현대시 학습 불안감을 완화시킬 수 있는 다양한 교육 방법이 마련되어야 한다.

불확실성의 시대, 불안한 한국인

김문조,박형준 한국이론사회학회 2012 사회와 이론 Vol.21 No.-

Anxiety prevails when the faith in life is absent. Therefore, it is uncertainty that causes anxiety. Uncertainty as a source of anxiety consists of several conceptual elements. Existential uncertainty, cognitive uncertainty, moral uncertainty and aesthetic uncertainty to name a few. This study seeks to examine the social anxiety as a source of collective anxiety with emphasis on flexibilization and aging thesis, describe the unique characteristics embedded in South Korean society where collective anxiety is being aggravated, and explore the directions and strategies for possible countermeasures. Recently, it can be said that a flexible life attitude and strategies being required in all aspects of daily life including the world of work. The flexible society is demanding individual creativity and innovation more than ever. Thus, flexible society aims at network communication systems that have completely different properties than the centralized communication ones that used to operate in a perfect and orderly manner under vertical chain of command structure. However, in the age of flexibilization, where a high degree of freedom is appreciated and applauded, “corrosion of character” and “class disparity” have emerged as critical factors that exacerbate social anxiety. Social unrest caused by flexibilization gave way to social unrest in Korean society. Such tendency is further aggravated by the process of aging. In what ways such social unrest in Korea progressing? Unlike cognitive and normative uncertainty, the uncertainty of the modern society that is mainly derived from institutional flexibility has a high probability of being internalized into a social anxiety in situations where the social transparency is lacking. However, the consequences of social unrest can vary depending on whether or not the social anxiety is shifted to oneself or to the outside. The most decisive factor determining where the anxiety head toward is trust. In Korean society where the level of social trust is still low, there exists a high probability of anxiety turning into discontent rather than frustration. Also, discontent is more likely to be expressed in the form of outward anger instead of introverted resignation in Korean society where negative perceptions on social justice prevail. Thus, it can be said that it is not the anxiety itself, but the high degree of social distrust and unfairness determining the course of anxiety that characterizes the current social unrest in Korea. 경제성장에 몰두하던 60~70년대 산업화 시대에는 생계를 위협하던 경제적 빈곤이 지대한 국민적 관심사였고, 권위주의 체제에 저항하던 80~90년대 민주화 시기에는 정치적 억압이 척결해야 할 절박한 시대적 과제였다. 그러나 세계화‧개방화가 촉진되는 금세기의 각축적 생활 현실에서는 사회 불안이 새로운 쟁점으로 부각되고 있다. 불안의 인식적 토대로 간주할 수 있는 불확실성은 개인적 수준과 사회적 수준으로 구분할 수 있는데, 본 논문에서는 1) 사회적 불확실성을 유연화 및 고령화 논제를 중심으로 개관하고, 2) 사회 불안을 가중시키는 한국 사회 특유의 현황을 “인간성 파괴” 및 “계급적 단절”이라는 명제하에서 고찰한 후, 3) 불안의 진전 경로와 예상 효과를 주요 매개 조건들을 중심으로 탐지하면서, 4) 고도 불안사회의 대처 방향과 실천 전략을 논의해보고자 한다.