Optimization of aluminium recovery from water treatment sludge using Response Surface Methodology

Ooi, Theam Yiew,Yong, Ee Ling,Din, Mohd Fadhil Md,Rezania, Shahabaldin,Aminudin, Eeydzah,Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan,Abdul Rahman, Azlan,Park, Junboum Elsevier 2018 Journal of Environmental Management Vol.228 No.-

<P>For decades, water treatment plants in Malaysia have widely employed aluminium-based coagulant for the removal of colloidal particles in surface water. This generates huge amount of by-product, known as sludge that is either reused for land applications or disposed to landfills. As sludge contains high concentration of aluminium, both can pose severe environmental issues. Therefore, this study explored the potential to recover aluminium from water treatment sludge using acid leaching process. The evaluation of aluminium recovery efficiency was conducted in two phases. The first phase used the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach to study the effects of acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, temperature and heating time. Meanwhile, second phase emphasized on the optimization of aluminium recovery using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). OFAT results indicated that aluminium recovery increased with the rising temperature and heating time. Acid concentration and solid to liquid ratio, however, showed an initial increment followed by reduction of recovery with increasing concentration and ratio. Due to the solidification of sludge when acid concentration exceeded 4 M, this variable was fixed in the optimization study. RSM predicted that aluminium recovery can achieve 70.3% at optimal values of 4 M, 20.9%, 90 degrees C and 4.4 h of acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, temperature and heating time, respectively. Experimental validation demonstrated a recovery of 68.8 +/- 0.3%. The small discrepancy of 2.2 +/- 0.4% between predicted and validated recovery suggests that RSM was a suitable tool in optimizing aluminium recovery conditions for water treatment sludge.</P>

Aluminium에 의한 알츠하임병 유발 및 항산화제의 발병 억제 효과

최성돈,박동기 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.1

The in vitro effects of Aluminium on lipid peroxidation were studied in rat brain homogenates and PC liposome. We used 0.01mM AINH₄(SO₄)₂/0.25mM ascorbic acid as a initiator of oxidation and used TBA-method for secondary products of lipid hydroperoxides and HPLC with chemiluminesence detector for PC-OOH. At the initial reaction, we can see the steady increase of TBARS formation/PC-OOH content for incubation time after oxidation of brain homogenate /PC liposome with initiator. In vivo study, we were performed to investigate the effect of serum and microsomal enzyme activities in rat after administration of Aluminium and the effect of Aluminium on histological change in brain tissue. Aluminium, at a dose of 10㎎/㎏ of body weight/day for 4 weeks, has a deleterious effect on the activities of hydrolytic enzymes (acetylcholin- esterase) of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity and PC-OOH content increased in administration of Aluminium group. In addition to, microsomal enzyme (NADPH cytochrome c reductase) activity of Aluminium Control group is lower than any other antioxidant treatment group. And, the brain tissue histological change of Aluminium administration group is obviously different from any other group.

Aluminium Toxicity and Its Tolerance in Plant: A Review

Rahman Runa,Hrishikesh Upadhyaya 한국식물학회 2021 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.64 No.2

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stress problems around the globe where acidic soil is present. Al shows a toxic effect between the soil pH 4.5 and 5.5. Root growth inhibition is the most prodigious symptom of Al toxicity in plants. Aluminium toxicity adversely affects the plant growth and development which ultimately reduces the yield. However, the extent of toxicity depends on the genotype of the plant, that is the plant is either the Al-sensitive or Al-tolerant type. Plants have several mechanisms to cope with the toxic effects of aluminium which include exclusion mechanism and internal tolerance mechanism. This review discusses the harmful impacts of aluminium on morphological, anatomical, physio-biochemical, and molecular aspects of the plant. This review also discusses the strategies to reduce the toxic effects of aluminium in plant and various aluminium-responsive genes which can be used in genetic manipulation for better crop development.

디젤 엔진용 알루미늄 메인베어링조합에 관한 연구

김해지(Hae-Ji Kim),정동현(Dong-Hyun Jung),김정구(Jeong-Gu Kim),김남경(Nam-Kyung Kim),정윤교(Yoon-Gyo Jung) 한국기계가공학회 2009 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.6월

The development of an aluminium main bearings assembly for diesel engine is presented in this paper. The material of main bearings assembly was used AC4CH aluminium. In our evaluation of AC4CH aluminium main bearings assembly, we analyzed the thermal stress, the tensile test and the weight. From the results of the evaluation, the tensile tests of aluminum AC4CH to the main bearings that require a assembly of yield strength and tensile strength was satisfied. In the analysis results on the temperature, it has not influence on the AC4CH aluminum main bearings assembly. The weight decreased approximately 38.5% in AC4CH aluminium main bearings assembly developed comparing with FC25 main bearings assembly.

알루미늄 양극 산화막 형성 시 플라즈마 전처리 효과

김동균,김명원 한국물리학회 2015 새물리 Vol.65 No.5

In order to obtain a high dielectric capacitor for micro-electronics applications, we fabricated Al2O3 films by using an anodic aluminum-oxide nano-template method. The surface was examined by using Filed-emission scanning electron microscopy, which showed that aluminium was oxidized to form honeycomb-shaped aluminium-oxide nano-tubes. The capacitance depended on the surface area, so we tried to widen the nanotube’s hole. A previous work showed that the initial surface state was important for the formation on growth of a nanotube, so we exposed the aluminum foil to a 1 keV argon-ion plasma before anodic oxidation. This pre-treatment increased the hole size from 50 nm to 100 nm and increased the capacitance from 0.23 μF/cm2 to 0.35 μF/cm2 by about one and half times compared to that for the nanotubes formed from the aluminum not exposed to the argon beam. The dielectric constant of the Al2O3 films made by using an anodic aluminum-oxide nano-template was increased by using an argon-ion pre-treatment, which induced a widening of the holes through surface modification. 본 실험에서는 양극산화 알루미나 나노 템플레이트 기술을 이용하여 커패시터를 제조하여 유전 특성을 조사하였다. 나노 튜브의 형태 및 크기는 원박의 초기 조건에 의존한다는 사실이 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원박을 아르곤 플라즈마로 전 처리한 후 나노 템플레이트 방법으로 양극산화 실험을 하였다. 알루미늄 박막에 플라즈마 전 처리한 후 양극 산화막을 만들 경우 기공의 밀도 및 튜브의 깊이가 길어져 유전 용량이 증가함을 확인하였다. 일차 양극산화로 형성된 기공은 불규칙적이고 크기는 대략 50 nm이었다. 반면 1 keV 로 전 처리한 시료는 기공이 원형에 가까우며 크기는 대략 100 nm 정도 되었다. 유전 용량도 0.23 μF/cm2에서 0.35 μF/cm2 으로 증가함이 나타났으며, 이는 아르곤이온으로 인한 스퍼터링이 알루미늄 기판에 표면 전처리 효과를 발생시켜 쉽게 기공을 확장 시키는 효과를 가져 왔음 확인 할 수 있었다.

졸-겔 법을 이용한 알루미늄/티타늄 산화물의 합성과 수용액에서 납이온(II)의 흡착특성

홍성철,정재관 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

알루미늄/티타늄 산화물은 TTIP(titanium tetra-isopropoxide)와 AIP(aluminium isopropoxide)를 전구체로, 졸-젤 법을 이용하여 pH 6에서 합성했으며 합성된 알루미늄/티타늄 산화물을 흡착제로 납이온[Pb(Ⅱ)]에 대한 흡착특성과 총괄흡착속도식을 결정했다. TTIP:AIP의 몰 조성비가 1:1의 조건에서 합성된 알루미늄/티타늄 산화물은 2:1, 3:1, 4:1의 몰 조성비로 합성된 경우보다 분산성이 양호했으며 흡착량도 10-20% 정도 우수했다. 또 500℃에서 하소된 산화물이 300℃와 700℃에서 각각 하소된 경우보다 흡착능이 우수했다. 알루미늄/티타늄 산화물을 흡착제로 사용하는 경우 공동적으로 pH 2-6 범위에서 흡착량이 급격히 증가하다가 pH 6에서 최대 흡착량을 나타냈으며 pH 6 이상의 범위에서는 감소했다. Langmuir와 Freundlich 흡착식의 상관계수 (R²)는 각각 90.6%와 91.4%로 Freundlich 식이 Langmuir 식보다 높았으며 200ml/min의 유전조건에서 미분층이 반응기를 이용하여 총괄흡착속도식을 결정했다. Aluminum/titanium oxide was synthesized by a sol-gel method at pH 6 using TTIP(titanium tetra-isopropoxide) and AIP(aluminum isopropoxide). Adsorption characteristics and overall adsoprtion rate of Pb(Ⅱ) on synthesized oxide particles were determined in aqueous solutions. The dispersion property of aluminium/titanium oxide, whose mole ratio of TTIP:AIP was 1:1, was better than those whose mole ratios of TTIP:AIP was 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1, respectively. The adsorption amount of Pb(Ⅱ) on oxide particles, of which mole ratio of TTIP:AIP was 1:1, was better by about 10-20% than those, too. The adsorptivity at calcination temperature of 500℃ was higher than those at 300 and 700℃, respectively, in oxide particles of which mole ratio of TTIP:AIP was 1:1. The adsorption amount increased rapidly from pH 2 to 6 and decreased over pH6, where the adsorption amount was maximum at pH 6. Correlation coefficient(R^(2)) of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were 90.6% and 91.4%, respectively. The overall adsorption rate was determined by a differential bed reator at 200㎖/min.

자동차 알루미늄 필라튜브의 특성평가

김해지(Hae-Ji Kim),이운령(Un-Ryeong Lee) 한국기계가공학회 2010 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.9 No.5

The characteristic evaluation of an aluminium filler tube for automotive is presented in this paper. The material of filler tube was used AL3003 aluminium. In characteristic evaluation of an aluminium filler, we measured the corrosion, chemical resistance, weight, leak, welding strength, exciting endurance, and the solt spray test etc.. It has been shown that the weight decreased approximately 61% in aluminum filler tube developed comparing with steel filler tube. As the characteristic evaluation on the manufactured aluminium filler it was enough satisfied to use at the automotive filler tube.

자동차용 알루미늄 필라 튜브 개발에 관한 연구

김해지(Hae-Ji Kim),김남경(Nam-Kyung Kim),장정환(Jung-Hwan Jang),이운령(Un-Ryeong Lee) 한국기계가공학회 2008 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

The development of an aluminium filler tube for automobile is presented in this paper. The material of filler tube was used AL3003 aluminium. In our evaluation of aluminium filler, we measured the oil resistance test, the leak test and the weight. It has been shown that the corrosion phenomenon did not appear in oil resistance test of aluminum material for gasoline, ethanol, diesel fuel etc. And there is no leak on leak test. The weight of aluminium filler tube was approximately 0.7㎏. The weight decreased approximately 61% in aluminum filler tube developed comparing with steel filler tube.

디젤 엔진용 알루미늄 메인베어링조합에 관한 연구

김해지(Hae-Ji Kim),정동현(Dong-Hyun Jung),김정구(Jeong-Gu Kim),김남경(Nam-Kyung Kim),정윤교(Yoon-Gyo Jung) 한국기계가공학회 2009 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.6

The development of an aluminium main bearings assembly for diesel engine is presented in this paper. The material of main bearings assembly was used AC4CH aluminium. In our evaluation of AC4CH aluminium main bearings assembly, we analyzed the thermal stress, the tensile test and the weight. From the results of the evaluation, the tensile tests of aluminum AC4CH to the main bearings that require a assembly of yield strength and tensile strength was satisfied. In the analysis results on the temperature, it has not influence on the AC4CH aluminum main bearings assembly. The weight decreased approximately 38.5% in AC4CH aluminium main bearings assembly developed comparing with FC25 main bearings assembly.

레이저빔을 이용한 알루미늄의 미세가공

신홍식,Shin, Hong Shik 한국교통대학교 융복합기술연구소 2014 융ㆍ복합기술연구소 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

Micro fabrication technologies of aluminium have been required to satisfy many demands in technology fields. Pulsed laser beam machining can be an alternative method to accomplish the micro machining of aluminium. Pulsed laser beam can be applied to micro machining such as micro drilling and milling. Using pulsed laser beam, the machining characteristics of aluminium in micro drilling and milling were investigated according to average power, repetition rate, moving speed of spot. The laser beam machining with the optimal conditions can achieve precise micro figures. As a result, micro pattern, text and structures on aluminium surface was successfully fabricated by pulsed laser beam machining.