생활체육 자원봉사단 조직 및 운영 사례

정문현(Jung, Moon-Hyun),김민현(Kim, Min-Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This research has selected a volunteer group for sports for all that belongs to the Council of Sports for All in D metropolitan city as a research target in order to analyze organization and operation cases of the volunteer group for sports for all, which was composed of college students. The selection reason of the case was because this researcher acted as a middle manager for 7 years after organization of the volunteer group, can analyze overall cases up to composition, activities and status through observation by direct participation, and thought that the research of the volunteer activities with persistence and speciality is necessary by being continued for 7 years through voluntary activities of participants of the college student"s volunteer activity organization. As a result of analyzing the organization and operation status of cases by focusing on voluntary activities of the volunteer group for sports for all, the following conclusion could be obtained. First, it could be known that volunteers for sports for all, who major in physical education, has experienced an actual experience of social life and human network"s formation through expansion of friendship activities, etc. with people for sports for all, amid the field of volunteer activities for sports for all. Second, it could be known that as the volunteering activities for sports for all become a chance capable of complimenting the field experience that is not provided at a college, the curriculum capable of linking the volunteer activities for sports for all with the class on major should be expanded and carried out. Third, accumulation of operation experience of college students majored in sports for all through volunteer activities in their region provides an opportunity of raising professional people for sports for all, who can be put to the field.

조합에서 모든 경우의 수를 만들기 위한 CPU와 GPU의 효율적 협업 방법

손기봉 ( Ki-bong Son ),손민영 ( Min-young Son ),김영학 ( Young-hak Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2018 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.7 No.9

조합에서 모든 경우의 수를 생성하는 체계적인 방법 중 하나는 조합 트리를 구성 하는 것이며 조합 트리를 구성하는 시간 복잡도는 O(2ⁿ)이다. 조합 트리는 그래프 동형 문제나 빈발 항목집합을 계산하는 초기 모델 등 다양한 목적으로 활용된다. 그러나 조합의 모든 경우의 수를 탐색해야 하는 알고리즘은 높은 시간 복잡도로 인해 현실적으로 활용되기 어렵다. 그럼에도 불구하고 데이터의 양이 방대해지고 이를 활용하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되면서 모든 경우의 수를 탐색해야만 하는 경우가 늘고 있다. 최근 GPU환경이 보급되고 쉽게 접할 수 있게 되면서 직렬 환경에서 높은 시간 복잡도를 가지는 알고리즘들을 병렬화 하여 시간을 줄이려는 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 조합에서 모든 경우의 수를 생성하는 방법은 순차적으로 진행되고 하부 작업의 크기가 편향되기 때문에 병렬 구현에 적합하지 않다. 병렬 알고리즘의 성능은 모든 스레드가 비슷한 크기의 작업을 가질 때 극대화될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 모든 경우의 수를 구하는 문제를 병렬화하기 위하여 CPU와 GPU가 효율적으로 협업하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 이론적인 측면에서 시간 복잡도를 분석하고, CPU와 GPU환경에서 다른 알고리즘과 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘의 실험 시간을 비교한다. 실험 결과 본 연구에서 제안한 CPU와 GPU의 협업 알고리즘은 이전 알고리즘에 비하여 CPU의 수행시간과 GPU의 수행시간의 균형을 유지하였고 아이템의 개수가 커질수록 괄목할 만한 시간 개선을 보였다. One of the systematic ways to generate the number of all cases is a combination to construct a combination tree, and its time complexity is O(2ⁿ). A combination tree is used for various purposes such as the graph homogeneity problem, the initial model for calculating frequent item sets, and so on. However, algorithms that must search the number of all cases of a combination are difficult to use realistically due to high time complexity. Nevertheless, as the amount of data becomes large and various studies are being carried out to utilize the data, the number of cases of searching all cases is increasing. Recently, as the GPU environment becomes popular and can be easily accessed, various attempts have been made to reduce time by parallelizing algorithms having high time complexity in a serial environment. Because the method of generating the number of all cases in combination is sequential and the size of sub-task is biased, it is not suitable for parallel implementation. The efficiency of parallel algorithms can be maximized when all threads have tasks with similar size. In this paper, we propose a method to efficiently collaborate between CPU and GPU to parallelize the problem of finding the number of all cases. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we analyze the time complexity in the theoretical aspect, and compare the experimental time of the proposed algorithm with other algorithms in CPU and GPU environment. Experimental results show that the proposed CPU and GPU collaboration algorithm maintains a balance between the execution time of the CPU and GPU compared to the previous algorithms, and the execution time is improved remarkable as the number of elements increases.

DNA Ploidy and S-phase Fraction Analysis in Paediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cases: a Tertiary Care Centre Experience

Kumar, Banothu Kiran,Bhatia, Prateek,Trehan, Amita,Singh, Ajit Pal,Kaul, Deepak,Bansal, Deepak Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

DNA ploidy is an important prognostic parameter in paediatric B-ALL, but the significance of the S-phase fraction is unclear. In present study, DNA ploidy was assessed in 40 pediatric B-ALL cases by flow cytometry. The DI (DNA index) and percentage of cells in S-phase were calculated using Modfit software. Aneuploidy was noted in 26/40 (65%) cases. A DI of 1.10-1.6 (hyperdiploidy B) was noted in 20/40 (50%) and 6/40 (15%) had a DI>1.60 (triploid and tetraploid range). Some 14/40 (35%) cases had a diploid DI between 0.90-1.05. None of the cases had a DI <0.90 (hypodiploid) or in the 1.06-1.09 (hyperdiploid A) range. The mean S-phase fraction was 2.6%, with 24/40 (60%) having low and 16/40 (40%) high S-phase fractions. No correlation was noted with standard ALL risk and treatment response factors with DI values or S-phase data, except for a positive correlation of low S-phase with high NCI risk category (p=0.032). Overall frequency of hyperdiploidy in our cohort of B-ALL patients was very high (65%). No correlation between hyperdiploidy B and low TLC or common B-phenotype was observed in our study as 42% cases with DI 1.10-1.6 had TLC> $50{\times}10^9$ and 57.1% CD 10 negativity. The study also highlighted that S-phase fraction analysis does not add any prognostic information and is not a useful parameter for assessment in ALL cases. However, larger studies with long term outcome analysis are needed to derive definitive conclusions.

MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF AN ALL-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE CONSIDERING INPUT AND STATE CONSTRAINTS

Hojin Jung,Beomjoon Pyun,Seibum Choi 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.2

This paper suggests a novel model-based control scheme for an all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle. Using transfer case, AWD system is able to transfer the engine torque to all the wheels mechanically, helping the vehicle to maintain traction on a slippery road or to climb a hill. Recently, an active type AWD system that is able to control the torque transmitted through transfer case continuously by the aid of electronic clutch actuator has become popular. In order to realize preemptive operation which is necessary property for AWD system while simultaneously considering states and input constraints which is originated from mechanical and physical characteristics, this paper adopted model predictive control (MPC) concept. The proposed MPC-based controller was designed by using planar full-car model that is based on tire force and motion states, which represents the direct relationship between these states and control input. Therefore, the planar full-car model contributed the suggested controller to follow standard MPC design process. The target states of longitudinal wheel slip and yaw rate, which have commonly been adopted in previous studies, were selected for practical concerns. The advantages of the suggested MPCbased controller that is designed especially for an AWD system were validated by conducting simulations through a Simulink- CarSim-based AWD vehicle model.

MODIFIED GENERALISED MAXWELL SLIP BASED ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC TRANSFER CASE MODELING FOR ALL-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE SIMULATION

정호진,최세범 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.1

This paper describes the modeling of a torque-on-demand transfer case and an all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle simulation through model integration. To develop the AWD vehicle controller, reliable and robust mathematical modeling of transfer case for AWD vehicle simulation should be proceeded. However, conventional wet clutch model cannot be applied for simulating the AWD vehicle especially when clutch is fully lock up state because of the chattering response of torque followed by the change of external factors. By replacing a slip-regulation equation of lock-up state with a degree of freedom (DOF) reduction equation in the generalized maxwell slip (GMS) model, the chattering and instability issue of original GMS model for AWD vehicle simulation was solved in this study. For parameter verification of the wet clutch, the simulation of the transfer case module and validation with the experimental data were conducted first. Then, the simulation of an AWD vehicle was conducted through the integration of the developed one in CarSim software. Through the comparison of the modified GMS model with the original GMS model, the former is verified to be superior to the latter for stable simulation.

온종일 돌봄체계 선도사업 지역에 대한 사례연구 : 실무자가 경험한 제도의 분절성을 중심으로

박해긍(Park, Hae-keung),류지선(Ryu, Ji-sun),배은석(Bae, Eun-seok) 사회복지정책실천회 2021 사회복지정책과 실천 Vol.7 No.3

본 연구는 현 정부의 온종일 돌봄 생태계 구축 선도사업을 살펴보고, 기존의 초등돌봄의 분절성을 극복하고, 지역사회 내 통합적인 초등돌봄서비스를제공하기 위한 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선도사업에 참여한 지역 중 지역의 유형을 고려하여 선정된 실무자를 대상으로 심층면접을 진행하였다. 이론적 고찰을 통해 인적요인과환경요인, 운영차별성요인으로 범주화하여 심층면접을 실시한 결과, 설립과운영 과정에서의 성과요인으로 관리책임자의 의지, 돌봄교사의 소속감, 시설의 접근편의성, 초등교사와 돌봄교사 간의 원활한 의사소통, 탄력적 예산 운용 가능, 소득으로 구분하지 않는 이용자, 다양한 마을자원 연계 등의 소범주가 도출되었다. 이를 바탕으로 분절성 주체들의 강점과 분절성의 영향, 분절성 극복을 통한 성과로 분류할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 온종일돌봄체계의 지역사회내의 성공적 정착을 위한 개선방향을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the government s project to build an all-day care system, to overcome the fragmentation of the existing elementary school care, and to suggest an improvement plan to provide integrated elementary care services in the local community. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with working-level officials selected by considering the type of region among regions participating. As a result of conducting interviews by categorizing human factors, environmental factors, and operational differentiation factors through theoretical consideration, the performance factors in the process of establishment and operation were the will of the manager, the sense of belonging of the caregiver, the convenience of access to the facilities, and the care with the elementary school teachers. Small categories such as smooth communication between teachers, flexible budget management, users who do not discriminate by income, and connection with various community resources were derived. Based on these results, policy recommendations were made for the success of the all-day care system in the community.

구체적 규범통제사건의 심사방식에 관한 소고 : 당해사건 고려 및 재판전제성 인정범위 문제를 중심으로

이황희 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.21 No.1

The Constitutional Court of Korea(hereinafter referred to as “the Court”) has the jurisdiction over concrete norm control. That procedures are composed of a constitutional review of statutes requested by ordinary courts and a constitutional complaint under para. 2 of Art. 68 of the Constitutional Court Act(hereinafter “a complaint under §68-2”). There are two contradicting necessities in these concrete review proceedings. On the one hand, the Court should make judgments upon the minimized scope of laws, the constitutionality of which is a prior question in its original case. On the other hand, for a decision of unconstitutionality nullifies statues and has an erga omnes binding force, the Court is faced with the necessity to examine the constitutionality of legislation in its entirety independent of its original case, i.e. from all constitutional points of view. This paper aims at exploring various ways to take original case into consideration while the Court scrutinizes the constitutional validity of legislation from all constitutional points of view. Provisions on review should be reduced to the most essential part being at issue at the underlying trial. For that, the Court should establish strict standards for clarifying the subject of review and checking whether preconditions of a trial are fulfilled. In addition the Court’s decision should be expressed in a way to be of help in dealing with its original case. Decisions of limited constitutionality or unconstitutionality to the constitution can be made efficient use of here. Making decisions of nonconformity with an order granting temporary application or prohibiting application, the Court could be allowed to offer its original case special and different treatments. The purpose of a constitutional review of statutes requested by ordinary courts puts relatively greater weight on keeping judgments and the entire legal order constitutional. To the contrary a complaint under §68-2 is an institutional device for a petitioner to be given a chance to win his trial with the decision of unconstitutionality. On this account, if a petitioner can’t win his trial with that decision, precondition of a trial does not seem to be fulfilled. For example, in those cases, where a decision of unconstitutionality has an effect only on reasons for the judgment in its original case or only on interlocutory judgment without changing any final judgment, precondition of a trial doesn’t be considered to be met. 우리 헌법재판제도는 구체적 규범통제제도를 채택하고 있으며, 위헌법률심판제도와 제68조 제2항 심판제도가 여기에 속한다. 우리의 구체적 규범통제제도에는 “구체적”에 주목해 심사범위를 당해사건에 연관된 범위로 제한할 필요성과 “규범통제제도”의 객관성을 중시해 당해사건에 구속되지 않고 보편적 관점에서 심사해야 할 필요성이 공존한다. 이 글에서는 헌법재판소가 전체 헌법적 관점에서 법률의 위헌여부를 심사할 때, 당해사건을 보다 적극적으로 고려하는 방식에 관하여 생각해 보았다. 우선, 본안판단 대상을 당해사건과 관련된 범위로 최대한 한정하여야 하는데, 이를 위해서는 심판대상의 확정이나 재판의 전제성 심사에서 보다 엄격한 입장을 취할 필요가 있다. 다음으로, 전체 헌법적 관점의 심사를 행함에 있어서도, 심사의 결론은 당해사건을 타당하게 해결할 수 있도록 표현되어야 한다. 여기서 한정위헌결정이나 한정합헌결정이 유효한 기법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 잠정적용이나 적용중지를 명한 헌법 불합치결정에 있어서도 당해사건에 관해서는 구체적 타당성을 위해 특별한 취급이 요구된다. 한편, 위헌법률심판은 재판권의 합헌적 행사, 객관적 법질서의 합헌적 유지 등의 목적이 상대적으로 더 큰 반면, 제68조 제2항 심판은 심판관련 당사자가 당해소송의 소송상 목적을 달성하기 위한 측면이 더 강하다. 따라서 제68조 제2항 심판에서는 위헌결정으로 당사자가 당해소송에서 승소결과를 얻을 수 없는 경우에는 재판의 전제성을 부정함이 타당하다. 가령, 위헌결정이 판결주문에는 영향을 주지 못하고 오직 판결이유에만 영향을 주는 경우, 일부 중간재판 중 위헌결정으로 중간재판의 효력이 상실되더라도 본 재판의 결론에까지 영향을 미치지 않는 경우 등에서는 재판의 전제성을 부정할 필요가 있다.

太宗代 河崙의 정치적 存在樣態의 變化

박용국 경상국립대학교 경남문화연구원 2009 남명학연구 Vol.28 No.-

Ha Ryun(河崙) was highly praised by King Sejong(世宗) for having superior political ability and selected by Yun Hoi(尹淮) as Kyeonggukdaesin(經學大臣). King Taejong(太宗) had made Ha Ryun administer all political affairs in the early stage of his career and teated him as Binsa(賓師). Meanwhile Lee Geo-i(李居易), Park Eun(朴誾), Sim On(沈溫) and others scolded Ha Ryun for having his own way in personnel. Even Min Jae(閔霽) said that Ha Ryun would be killed just like Jeong Do-jeon(鄭道傳). Like this, political aspects of Ha ryun was evaluated in a contrary way. Ha Ryun had endured the significant risk of being killed in relating to Park Ja-ahn(朴子安) case. Jeong Do-jeon's faction had tried to kill Ha Ryun by putting the case to use, which was the most dramatic case for King Taejong and Ha Ryun to enter into an alliance for life and death. The Park Ja-ahn case paved the way for them to form 'Sangyeojijae(相與之際)'. Ha Ryun was wholeheartedly royal to King Taejong enough to be called Binsa who couldn't be comparable with anyone while King Taejong, as a Confucian scholar, was Ha Ryun's master who sponsored and protected his life. As a result, they were on familiar terms. Ha Ryun was not related to the Min Mu-gu(閔無咎) brothers' criminal case. However, there is some doubt in consideration of Lee Ji-seong(李之誠)' indictment contents and Yu Gi(柳沂)'s suspicious behaviors. Especially, Ha Ryun had made King Taejong embarrassed when he said it was a proper punishment for Min Mu-gu brothers being placed into a self-isolated punishment, adding it was exclusion of other princes, not crown princes. Nevertheless, King Taejong teated such a rude behavior of Ha Ryun as being faithful after hearing Ha Ryun's explanation. King Taejong ordered Hwang Hee(黃喜) to make talks between King Taejong and Ha Ryun secret. Since then the change of political aspects of Ha Ryun has been seen. In compliance with advice of King Sejong, Ha Ryun told that administer of military service examination should be pulled down and proposed that the king should select military officials in a secret way. Like this, Ha Ryun and King Taejong took precautions against Bungdang(朋黨), which is comparable to the fact that Lee Suk-beon(李叔蕃) and Sim On were punished for not engaging in a Bungdang. It is shown that Haryun featured a political aspect in compliance with advice and suggestion of King Taejong since the middle period of King Taejong. 이 글은 河崙의 삶을 그의 정치적 존재양태의 변화를 통해서 구명하려고 한 것이다. 하륜은 經世와 가례에 밝았다. 太宗은 집권 전기에 하륜이 庶政을 관장하게 하면서 그를 ‘賓師’로서 대우하였다. 반면에 李居易와 朴誾 및 沈溫 등은 하륜이 인사를 전횡한다고 크게 비난하였다. 심지어 閔霽는 하륜이 鄭道傳처럼 患亂을 당할 것이라고 하였다. 이처럼 태종대 전기 하륜의 정치적 존재양태는 극히 상반된 평가를 받았다. 하륜은 朴子安 사건에 연루되어 숙청될 위기를 겪었다. 정도전 일파는 박자안의 입을 빌려서 하륜을 숙청하고자 했다. 이는 태종과 하륜이 생사의 동맹을 맺게 되는 가장 극적인 미시적 사건이었다. 박자안 사건은 태종과 하륜이 ‘相與之際’를 맺게 한 단서였다. 하륜은 태종에게 盡心全力하여 충직하기가 비견할 사람이 없는 빈사였고, 태종은 하륜에게 유가적 지식인으로서 삶을 후원ㆍ보호해준 주군이었다. 이로써 둘은 ‘君臣相與之際’였다. 하륜은 閔無咎 형제의 옥사에 직접적인 관계는 없었다. 그러나 李之誠의 供辭 내용, 柳沂의 의심스러운 행동 등에서 보면 의문이 든다. 특히 하륜은 민무구 형제가 自願安置되자 ‘세자 제거가 아니라 宗支 제거이니 적합한 벌’이라고 하여 태종에게 큰 충격을 주었다. 그런데 태종은 그것조차 하륜의 해명을 통해서 충직한 행동으로 받아들였다. 그리고 태종은 黃喜에게 하륜과 오고간 내용을 비밀로 하라고 명령하였다. 이후 하륜의 정치적 존재양태에 변화가 보인다. 하륜은 태종의 자문에 응하여 武科 試員을 혁파할 것을 말하고, 나아가 임금이 직접 考閱할 것과 이를 비밀리에 추진할 것을 건의하였다. 이처럼 하륜은 태종과 같이 朋黨을 크게 경계하였다. 이는 李叔蕃과 심온이 黨與를 개의치 않다가 죄를 받았던 것과 비교된다. 이로써 태종대 중기 이후 하륜이 태종의 庶政 자문에 응하는 정치적 존재양태였음을 알 수 있다.

미국 민사절차 상의 특정관할의 광범위한 적용

최영란 ( Choi Young-ran ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2021 법학논총 Vol.38 No.3

2021년 3월 미국 연방대법원은 몬타나주와 미네소타주 법원이 포드 자동차 회사에 대해 특정 인적관할을 행사할 수 있다고 결정하였다. 해당 판결은 몬타나주와 미네소타 주민이 포드의 하자있는 중고 자동차 사고로 인해 사망하거나 상해를 입어, 포드 회사를 상대로 제조물 책임소송을 제기하자, 포드 회사는 사고 차량이 몬타나와 미네소타에서 디자인, 제조 또는 판매되지 않았기에, 해당 주 법원은 포드 회사에 대해 특정 인적관할이 없다고 주장하였다. 그러나 연방대법원은 원고의 소송과 피고의 법정지에서의 접촉(contacts) 또는 활동(conduct)과의 연관성을 요구하는 특정관할의 기본 원칙을 새롭게 확대 해석하여, 원고의 소송이 피고의 법정지에서의 활동에서 기인되지 않더라도, 피고가 법정지와 단순한 관련이 있는 경우에도 법정지의 특정관할이 인정될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 향후 인터넷 등을 통해 광고 또는 판매를 하는 다국적 회사 등이 미국 소비자의 거주지 법원이나 회사와 관련성이 미미한 법원에서 제소될 경우, 해당 판결이 재판관할 여부를 판단하는 데, 주요 법원칙이 될 수 있어, 본 논문에서 특정관할의 원칙을 일부 소개하고, 해당 판결의 논의사항을 검토한다. In March, 2021, the United States Supreme Court in Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court decided on specific jurisdiction for two cases against Ford Motor, a world-wide automobile company, being sued in Montana and Minnesota where Ford’s used cars caused death to a Montana resident and inflicted personal injury to a Minnesota resident. Ford argued that courts in Montana and Minnesota do not have jurisdiction over Ford because its vehicles involved in the accidents and injured non-residents of these states were not designed, manufactured, or sold directly by Ford in those States even if the accidents occurred in those states. The Court and Ford relied on a principle of specific jurisdiction: “The plaintiff’s claims must arise out of or relate to the defendant’s contacts with the forum.” For the first time, the Court suggested two tests for specific jurisdiction from: one is a causation test from the first phrase “arise out of,” and the other is a relation test from the second phrase “relate to,” meaning “some relationship without a causal showing.” Ford argued that courts in Montana and Minnesota do not have jurisdiction over Ford since its vehicles involved in the accidents and injured non-residents of these states were not designed, manufactured, or sold directly by Ford in those States even if the accidents occurred in those states. However, the Court approved specific jurisdiction of Montana and Minnesota, by rejecting Ford’s causation-only approach, instead by applying the new relationship test. This paper overviews rules of personal jurisdiction including general jurisdiction and specific jurisdiction, and observes discussions in this recent Ford case.

All Casing 공법을 위한 Casing Rotator의 설계 방법

이홍석(H. S. Lee),차영택(Y. T. Cha),장홍석(H. S. Jang),이연호(Y. H. Lee),김정구(J. G. Kim),신대영(D. Y. Shin),최성준(S. J. Choi),이상식(S. S Lee) 유공압건설기계학회 2015 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

All casing method among various foundation of earthworks is generally applied to build the large pile with diameter 1,000 ~ 3,000mm which is used at a bridge, large building, steel truss rail way bridge, and so on. As the method of construction, two methods are generally applied to build a pile. One is to use a casing rotator, and the other is to use a casing oscillator. In this paper, the design method of the casing rotator for all casing method is presented. First, Structural stability is evaluated by the structural static analysis and dynamic analysis, and then major design parameters are selected, and finally, optimal design values was decided from DOE(Design Of Experiments) method.