SEDRIS 기반의 대기/해양 합성 환경 생성 및 표현을 위한 UI 설계 및 구현

함원경(Won. K. Hwam),정용호(Yongho Chung),안의국(Euigook Ahn),박상철(Sang. C. Park),권용진(Yong-jin Kwon) (사)한국CDE학회 2012 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.2

As the distributed interactive simulation system has been developed in military modeling and simulation, the interchange environmental data among heterogeneous simulators is essential to achieve interoperability. Each simulator has its own environmental data format, and that makes interferences to interchange and represent synthetic environment among simulators. Therefore, the result of the simulation is not enough reliable by errors from incorrect representation of synthetic environment. SEDRIS(Synthetic Environmental Data Representation and Interchange Specification) were initiated to solve the problem of interoperability, which is caused of interchange environmental data. SEDRIS provide a standard mechanism to promote data interchange and reusability, and they were developed to represent all environmental things, such as ocean, land, atmosphere, and space. This research is focused on design of User-Interface to allow users are able to apply SEDRIS to generation and representation of standard synthetic environment of Ocean and Atmosphere.

분산 시뮬레이션 시스템에서 합성 환경 표현 및 교환 표준(SEDRIS)기반의 전장 환경 구축

함원경,김정훈,나영남,천상욱,박상철 한국엔터프라이즈아키텍처학회 2012 정보기술아키텍처연구 Vol.9 No.3

Presented in the paper is a methodology for the distributed simulation of underwater warfare based on standard synthetic environment. In the case of underwater warfare simulation,it is very important to reflect environmental data, such as salinity and temperature. For the reusability and interoperability of environmental data, this paper adopts Synthetic Environmental Data Representation and Interchange Specification (SEDRIS(ISO standard for environmental data)). Although SEDRIS provides various merits as an international standard, applying of SEDRIS has been hindered by its broadness and heaviness. To relieve the difficulties, this paper proposes an efficient procedure to utilize SEDRIS technology for the atmosphere and underwater environment. This paper identifies SEDRIS structure for the atmosphere/underwater structured dimensional grid-based and implements the proposed procedure on the High Level Architecture (HLA) / Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) to explain the generation of the battlefield in a distributed simulation system. 본 논문은 분산 시스템에서의 표준합성환경 기반 수중 교전 시뮬레이션을 위한 방법론이다. 수중 교전 시뮬레이션의 경우 염분과 수온 등의 수중 환경 데이터를 시뮬레이션에 반영하는 것이 중요하다. 분산 시뮬레이션 시스템에서 이러한 환경 데이터의 재사용성과 상호운용성 향상을 위해 합성 환경 표현 및 교환 표준(Synthetic Environmental Data Representation and Interchange Specification, SEDRIS(ISO standard for environmental data))이 개발되었고, 본 논문에서는 SEDRIS를 활용하여 수중 합성환경을 구축한다. 본 논문을 통해 SEDRIS가 합성환경 데이터의 국제 표준이지만 그 방대함과 복잡함으로 인하여 사용이 저해된 문제점을 대기/해양 환경에 대해 효율적인 SEDRIS 기술 활용 방법을 제시하여 해결한다. 본 논문의 최종 목적은 대기/해양 환경 표현을 위한 다차원 격자 기반의 SEDRIS 구조를 구축하고, High Level Architecture (HLA)/Run-TimeInfrastructure (RTI) 기반의 분산 시스템에서 대기/해양 합성전장환경 구축에 SEDRIS 적용 방법을 제시한다.

선진국 과학화훈련 추진동향과 육군 추진방향: LVCG훈련체계를 중심으로

이희남 광운대학교 방위사업연구소 2020 선진국방연구 Vol.3 No.2

This study examines the history of LVCG training, which is attracting attention as the army’s education and training method in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and the recent trends in advanced countries, and the direction of the army’s LVCG training development. LVCG training is an effective means for soldiers to improve their survival rate and combat skills by experiencing realistic virtual battles iteratively prior to actual deployment, thereby ultimately improving their readiness. The LVCG training system is classified into four categories: live, virtual training, war game training, and game, collectively referred to as LVCG. In the 1980s, advanced countries began to use the LVCG training system in various areas of education and training, and after the 1990s, they promoted a synthetic environment incorporating the LVCG training system. Recently, the synthetic training environment (STE) that integrates LVCG into a three-dimensional virtual environment. This is attracting attention and developed countries are rapidly transitioning to STE. The Army is also promoting education and training innovation based on big data and artificial intelligence by establishing a low-cost, highly efficient LVCG training environment with LVCG integrated around the synthetic training environment platform and securing education and training data using STE. 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명시대의 육군의 교육훈련 방법으로 주목받고 있는 과학화훈련의 역사와 최근 선진국 추진동향을 살펴보고 이를 통해 육군의 과학화훈련 발전방향에 대해 알아보았다. 과학화훈련은 장병들이 실제 투입 이전 여러 차례의 실전적 가상전투를 체험함으로써 생존율과 전투기술을 향상시켜 궁극적으로 준비태세를 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 수단이다. 과학화훈련 체계는 실기동훈련(Live), 가상훈련(Virtual), 워게임훈련(Constructive), 게임(Game) 등 4가지로 분류되며 통칭하여 LVCG라 한다. 선진각국은 1980년대부터 교육훈련의 다양한 영역에서 과학화훈련 체계를 활용하기 시작하였으며 1990년대 이후에는 LVCG훈련체계를 통합한 합성전장환경을 추진하였다. 최근 들어서는 LVCG를 3차원 가상환경으로 통합한 합성훈련환경(STE)이 주목을 받고 있으며 선진국들은 STE로 급속하게 전환하는 추세이다. 육군도 합성훈련환경 플랫폼을 중심으로 LVCG가 통합된 저비용, 고효율의 과학화훈련 환경을 조기에 구축하고 이를 활용하여 교육훈련 데이터를 확보하여 빅데이터와 인공지능 기반의 교육훈련 혁신을 추진하고 있다.

실제 클러터 배경에서 SAR 영상 임펄스 응답 특성 분석

정철호 ( Chul Ho Jung ),정재훈 ( Jae Hoon Jung ),오태봉 ( Tae Bong Oh ),곽영길 ( Young Kil Kwag ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 2008 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

영상 레이다(SAR)는 주야간, 일조량에 관계없이 전천후로 영상획득이 가능하여 군사용으로는 물론 과학 민수용으로 광범위하게 활용된다. SAR 시스템에서는 고도, 운용 주파수, PRF 등의 다양한 시스템 설계 파라미터로부터 생성된 임펄스 응답 함수(impulse response function)를 분석하여 공간해상도, PSLR, ISLR 등 영상품질 성능 파라미터의 추정이 가능하다. 그러나 모델링된 임펄스 응답 특성은 주변 클러터 환경이 고려되지 않은 이상적인 경우이므로 실제 주변 클러터 환경을 고려한 SAR 영상품질 분석 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 주요 SAR 시스템 파라미터를 기반으로 SAR 점표적 원시 데이터를 생성하고, 거리-도플러 알고리듬(range-Doppler algorithm)을 이용하여 임펄스 응답 데이터를 형성한다. 그리고 실제 SAR 영상의 일부분을 추출하여 주변 배경 클러터 환경 데이터를 형성한 후, 임펄스 응답 데이터를 삽입한다. 형성된 응답 데이터는 영상품질의 정확도를 향상시키고자 확장보간법을 도입하여 분석하고, 이에 대한 효과를 주요 도플러 파라미터인 방위 FM율 오차에 따른 성능분석을 수행함으로써 확인한다. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is of great interest in many fields of civil and military applications because of all-weather and luminance free imaging capability. SAR image quality parameters such as spatial resolution, peak to sidelobe ratio (PSLR), and integrated sidelobe ratio (ISLR) can be normally estimated by modeling of impulse response function (IRF) which is obtained from various system design parameters such as altitude, operational frequency, PRF, etc. In modeling of IRF, however, background clutter environment surrounding the IRF is generally neglected. In this paper, analysis method for SAR mage quality is proposed in the real background clutter environment. First of all, SAR raw data of a point scatterer is generated based on various system parameters. Secondly, the generated raw data can be focused to ideal TRF by range Doppler algorithm (RDA). Finally, background clutter obtained from image of currently operating SAR system is applied to IRF. In addition, image quality is precisely analyzed by zooming and interpolation method for effective extraction of IRF, and then the effect of proposed methodology is presented with several simulation results under the assumption of estimation error of Doppler rate.

LVCG 기반의 과학화 훈련을 위한 STE 구축에 관한 연구

김민호 한국정치사회연구소 2023 한국과 국제사회 Vol.7 No.5

한반도는 주변국의 안보정세 변화, 북한의 미사일 도발, 병역자원의 급감, 민간 생활지역 확장으로 훈련장 부족 및 민원증가, 안전사고 등 많은 도전요인에 직면해 있다. 특히 군사대비태세의 근간이라 할 수 교육훈련을 위한 여건은 매우 심각한 수준이다. 이를 극복하기 위해 국방 분야에서는 4차산업혁명 기술을 적용한 LVCG 과학화 훈련체계를 구축하여 추진하고 있다. LVCG 과학화 훈련은 Live 체계(실기동훈련, KCTC), Virtual 체계(가상현실), Constructive 체계(전투모의), Game 체계(게임) 등을 활용하여 언제 어디서든지 실전과 같은 훈련 경험이 가능하며, 훈련 결과에 대한 데이터를 활용하여 객관적 평가가 가능하다. 따라서 AI, AR, VR 등 과학기술의 발달을 기회요인으로 활용하여 체계별 성능을 개량하고 LVCG 체계를 하나의 환경에서 운용할 수 있는 합성훈련환경(STE)을 구축하여 실전과 같은 훈련이 되도록 해야 한다. The Korean Peninsula faces many challenges, including a lack of training grounds, increased civil complaints, and safety accidents due to changes in the security situation of neighboring countries, North Korea's missile provocations, a sharp drop in military service resources, and expansion of civilian living areas. In particular, the conditions for education and training, which are the basis of military readiness, are very serious. To overcome this, the defense sector has established and promoted an LVCG scientific training system applying the 4th Industrial Revolution technology. LVCG scientific training can be trained anytime, anywhere using the Live system (real-time training, KCTC), the Virtual system (virtual reality), the Constructive system (combat simulation), and the Game system (game), and can be objectively evaluated using data on training results. Therefore, the development of science and technology such as AI, AR, and VR should be used as opportunity factors to improve system-specific performance and establish a synthetic training environment (STE) that can operate the LVCG system in one environment.

Thermal Design and Analysis of Unfurlable CFRP Skin-Based Parabolic Reflector for Spaceborne SAR Antenna

박태용,김세영,이동우,정화영,이재은,윤지현,오현웅 한국항공우주학회 2021 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.22 No.2

To ensure high-resolution image acquisition for a spaceborne parabolic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) antenna, an appropriate thermal design is important to minimize the thermal distortion of the antenna reflector in severe on-orbit thermal environments. This paper describes the results of a preliminary thermal design and the analysis of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic skin-based unfurlable parabolic reflector for use in a spaceborne SAR antenna. The effectiveness of passive thermal designs for an antenna reflector using different thermal coatings was investigated with on-orbit thermal analyses according to the various antenna look angles to derive the most suitable design for minimizing the thermal gradient of the reflector. This contributes to minimize loss in antenna gain to ensure the SAR performance. In addition, the influence of the solar panel on the thermal gradient of the reflector was also analyzed because it is also important in affecting the thermal distortion.

Recent Progress on Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) Ions by Post-synthetically Modified Metal-organic Frameworks and Chemically Modified Activated Carbons

Rallapalli, Phani Brahma Somayajulu,Choi, Suk Soon,Ha, Jeong Hyub The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering C 2022 공업화학 Vol.33 No.2

Fast-paced industrial and agricultural development generates large quantities of hazardous heavy metals (HMs), which are extremely damaging to individuals and the environment. Research in both academia and industry has been spurred by the need for HMs to be removed from water bodies. Advanced materials are being developed to replace existing water purification technologies or to introduce cutting-edge solutions that solve challenges such as cost efficacy, easy production, diverse metal removal, and regenerability. Water treatment industries are increasingly interested in activated carbon because of its high adsorption capacity for HMs adsorption. Furthermore, because of its huge surface area, abundant functional groups on surface, and optimal pore diameter, the modified activated carbon has the potential to be used as an efficient adsorbent. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel organic-inorganic hybrid porous materials, sparked an interest in the elimination of HMs via adsorption. This is due to the their highly porous nature, large surface area, abundance of exposed adsorptive sites, and post-synthetic modification (PSM) ability. This review introduces PSM methods for MOFs, chemical modification of activated carbons (ACs), and current advancements in the elimination of Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions from water using modified MOFs and ACs via adsorption.

Metal-organic frameworks: Challenges and opportunities for ion-exchange/sorption applications

Kumar, P.,Pournara, A.,Kim, K.H.,Bansal, V.,Rapti, S.,Manos, M.J. Pergamon Press 2017 Progress in materials science Vol.86 No.-

<P>Exposure to common ionic pollutants, such as heavy metal ions and toxic anions, is a major concern throughout the world due to their potential impacts on human health and the environment. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with ion-exchange properties have attracted great interest with respect to the capture of diverse hazardous cationic and anionic species. In fact, according to the investigations on these ion exchangers, their sorption capacities are recognized to be considerably superior to conventional materials. This review focused on metal-organic materials as sorbents for ions by surveying MOFs with respect to their exchange/sorption capacities in association with their synthesis and structural characteristics. We also described the recent development in MOF composites and their practical applications toward wastewater treatment. The sorption characteristics were also evaluated among the reported MOFs and then between MOFs and other sorbents. Finally, we described the future prospects for the research and development in materials for ion-exchange based on MOF technology. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

SEDRIS 합성 환경 데이터 가시화를 위한 변환기 개발

강윤아(Yuna Kang),김형기(Hyungki Kim),한순흥(Soonhung Han),김만규(Man Kyu Kim) (사)한국CDE학회 2013 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.3

The need for reusing synthetic environment data that are employed in the field of modeling and simulation has recently been rising. SEDRIS (Synthetic Environment Data Representation & Interchange Specification) is a standard to exchange synthetic environment data, and is the specification utilized in various military simulations of the Pentagon for representing and exchanging 3D data. SEDRIS represents environmental areas based on a data model; it can represent wind speed, wind directions, weather changes, the information of buildings, as well as terrain data. In some situations, however, the synthetic environment data stored in SEDRIS format should be converted to various visualization formats. First, because SEDRIS is a form of a super-set, it is necessary to verify whether large scale SEDRIS files are stored successfully through visualization. Second, the synthetic environment data should be visualized in some visualization programs for the simulation results to provide an immersive and realistic sense. In this study, we have developed converters for converting SEDRIS data to various visualization formats and visualized the converted results.

합성수지 거푸집의 전과정 환경영향평가에 관한 연구

남경용 ( Nam Kyung-yong ),양근혁 ( Yang Keun-hyeok ),이영도 ( Lee Young-do ) 한국건축시공학회 2020 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.20 No.3

합성수지 거푸집은 내부식성이 우수한 경량의 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE)를 재료로 사용한다. 합성수지 거푸집의 전과정 평가를 위하여 ISO FDIS 13352에서 요구하는 시스템 경계를 만족하도록 공정 흐름도를 고려하였다. 이에 따라 고려된 시스템 경계는 Cradle-to- Product shipmen이다. 고려된 시스템 경계에서 투입 에너지원, 사용재료, 운송수단, 제작공정 등으로부터 산정한 전과정 목록(LCI) 데이터베이스를 분석하였다. 합성수지 거푸집의 LCI 데이터 분석으로부터 환경부의 환경영향평가지수 방법론에 기반하여 분류화, 정규화, 특성화 및 가중치 과정을 거쳐 환경영향평가를 수행하고, 그 결과는 유로폼의 환경영향 평가값과 비교하였다. 실험결과, 전용횟수를 고려한 CO₂ 배출량은 유로폼 대비 2배 이상의 전용성을 갖는 합성수지 거푸집이 약 32 % 가량 낮았다. 이는 합성수지 거푸집 사용은 유로폼 대비 자재 생산을 1/2로 줄일 수 있으며, CO₂ 배출량 저감으로 이어질 수 있다. Synthetic resin formwork is made of lightweight high-density polyethylene(HDPE). This study used a process flow chart that satisfies the system boundary (such as Cradle-to- Product shipmen ) required by ISO FDIS 13352 to evaluate the entire process of synthetic resin foam using. The entire life cycle inventory (LCI) database calculated from input energy sources, materials used, transportation methods, and manufacturing processes at the system boundary was analyzed. Based on the environmental impact assessment index methodology of the Ministry of Environment from the LCI data analysis of synthetic resin formwork, the environmental impact assessment was carried out through classification, normalization, characterization, and weighting process. The experimental results are as follows the amount of CO₂ (carbon) emission considering the number of conversions was about 32% lower than that of the Euroform. This shows that the use of synthetic resin formwork reduces material production by half compared to Euroform and reduces CO₂ (carbon) emissions.