Expression of survivin in squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A comparative immunohistochemical study

Rania Makboul,Abeer EL-Refaiy M. Refaiy,Fatma Ahmed Mahmoud Badary,Islam F. Abdelkawi,Axel S. Merseburger,Rabab Ahmed Ahmed Mohammed 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.1

Purpose: To compare the expression of survivin and its association with clinicopathological criteria in major types of urinary bladdercarcinoma, specifically, transitional cell carcinoma with and without squamous differentiation and squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for survivin and Ki67 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of104 carcinomas: 52 transitional cell carcinoma, 20 transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and 32 squamous cellcarcinoma. Expression of survivin in >10% of tumor cells was described as altered survivin status. Ki67 staining in >20% of tumorcells was described as a high proliferation index. Results: Altered survivin expression was detected in 60/104 specimens (58%) and was significantly more frequent in transitionalcell carcinoma (78%) than in squamous cell carcinoma (38%) or transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation (40%)(p<0.0001). In transitional cell carcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma, altered survivin status was associated with highertumor grade, higher proliferation index, and recurrence. In the whole specimens, altered survivin expression was significantly associatedwith advanced stage (p<0.001), recurrence (p=0.005), distant metastasis (p<0.001), and death (p=0.001). In the multivariateanalysis, altered survivin was an independent poor prognostic factor for recurrence. Conclusions: Unlike in transitional cell carcinoma, alteration of survivin expression in squamous cell carcinoma occurs less frequentlyand is not associated with features of tumor aggression or patient outcome. These findings raise a question: are urinarybladder carcinoma patients with squamous cell carcinoma type suitable candidates for survivin vaccine? This is an important questionto be answered before approving the vaccine in management.

자궁경부의 편평상피내병소와 편평상피세포암종에서의 비만세포에 관한 연구

제갈승주 ( Seung Joo Jekal ),차현희 ( Hyun Hee Cha ),최영자 ( Young Ja Choi ),노종섭 ( Jong Sup Roh ),곽효일 ( Hyo Il Kwak ) 대한임상검사과학회 1999 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.31 No.2

Mast cells have recently been found to be well correlated with the inhibition of invasiveness and metastasis in various cancer. This work aimed to investigate the number of mast cells and ratio of mast cell granulation in squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Cervical biopsy specimens were divided into low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(n=20), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(n=75) and squamous cell carcinoma(n=40) by The Bethesda System. The sections were cut from routinely formalin- f1xed and paraffin-embedded tissues and stained with 0.5% toluidine blue(pHO.5)-nuc1ear fast red. The mast cells were quantif1cated the numbers per square millimeter using a computerized image analysis system. Mean number of mast cells was signif1cantly higher in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion than in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and signif1cantly lower in squamous cell carcinoma than in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(p<0.01). The percent of mast cell ganulation also was significantly higher in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion than in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and significantly lower in squamous cell carcinoma than in high grade intraepithelial lesion (p<0.01). These results suggested that mast cell number and percent of mast cell granulation were to be correlated to the development from precancerous lesion to cervical cancerous lesion and may be useful as markers of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

중이강 내 상피내암에 대한 광범위 절제술 후 재발한 상피암 1예

안현우,김용완,백무진 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2023 임상이비인후과 Vol.34 No.2

Malignancy of the middle ear is rare and its incidence is 0.18 cases per million people, with its most common type being squamous cell carcinoma. The radiologic, surgical findings, and pathology reports has not been well characterized due to its low incidence. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the middle ear is even more so. Here, we report a case of a 69-year-old man who developed squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear 19 months after wide excision for squamous cell carcinoma in situ. The patient received concurrent chemoradiation therapy after revision operation and being evaluated as a stable disease for 30-months follow-up. This case represents the first reported occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the middle ear after wide excision for squamous cell carcinoma in situ. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma should be considered in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma in situ of middle ear even after surgery.

구강 편평세포암종에서 Taxol과 Cyclosporin A의 세포사멸 상승 작용 효과

서민정,한세진,이재훈,Suh, Min-Jung,Han, Se-Jin,Lee, Jae-Hoon 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2007 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.29 No.5

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent oral cancer, which is characterized by its high metastasis and recurrent rates and poor prognosis. Taxol is an anticancer agent which is microbial products extracted from jew tree. It combines with the tubulin and induces apoptosis by inhibiting mitosis of cell with microtubule stabilization. Recently, it was reported to be effective in various solid tumors, but only very slight effect has been seen in oral squamous cell carcinomas due to its cell-specific potencies. Cyclosporin A is used as immune suppressant and is being applied in anticancer therapy as its mechanism of induction of change of apoptotic process in various cells have been known. In this study, oral squamous cell carcinoma HN22 cell line was used for in vitro experiment and as for the experimental group taxol and cyclosporin A were applied alone and to observe the synergistic effect of apoptosis, Taxol and cyclosporin A were coadministered with different concentration of taxol for comparison. The results were obtained as follow: 1. There was no difference in Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, 8, 9 mRNA expression when cyclosprin A or taxol was applied alone to HN 22 cell line. 2. Caspase 3, 9 mRNA expression was prominently increased when cyclosprin A and taxol were applied together to cancer cell. 3. No significant difference was observed when cyclosporin A and taxol($1{\mu}g/ml$ and $3{\mu}g/ml$) were applied together to cancer cell line. 4. No significant difference was seen in Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 8 mRNA expression in all the groups of in vitro experiments. 5. When cyclosporin A was applied alone in vivo study on the nude mice, histopathologi cal findings was similar to those of the control group. Oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by inoculation of HN 22 cell line was not reduced after treatment of cyclosporin A. 6. When taxol was applied alone, the islands of squamous cell carcinoma still remained, which meant insignificant healing effect. There was a lesser volume increase compared with the cyclosporin A alone. 7. When taxol and cyclosporin A were applied together, the connective tissue and calcification were seen in the histopathologic findings. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was decreased and cancer cell was disappeared. In observing the tumor mass change with time, there was a gradual decreased size and healing features. As the results of the in vitro experiment, it could conclud that only when the two agents are applied together, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis occurred by considerable increase of caspase 3, 9 mRNA expression, irrespectable of the concentration of taxol. In vivo experiment, there was a discrete synergistic effect when the two agents were applied together. But single use of cyclosporin A was not effective in this study. Based on the results of this experiment, if further clinical studies are done, taxol and cyclosporin A could be effectively used in treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas.

분화도 좋은 구강 편평상피세포암종에서 Dominant Negative p63 isoform의 발현

김인수(In-Su Kim),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim),김경욱(Kyung-Wook Kim) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2007 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.33 No.3

The p53 which is well known as tumor suppressor gene is located at 17p13. p53 is a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor that responds to certain cytotoxic stresses, such as DNA damage, by enhancing the transcription of genes that regulate cell-cycle progression as well as programmed cell death. The p63 gene that is located at 3q27-29, is recognized members of the p53 family, and responsible for the transcription of 6 isoforms. Three isoforms (TAp63α, TAp63β, TAp63γ) contain an N-terminal transactivation (TA) domain and can induce apoptosis. The other 3 isoforms(ΔNp63α, ΔNp63β, ΔNp63γ) lack the TA domain and may function in a dominant-negative fashion by inhibiting the transactivation functions of p53 and TAp63 proteins, and thus act as oncoproteins. A number of studies have investigated the role of p63 in human squamous cell carcinomas from different organs. Only a few studies have examined ΔNp63 isoform in oral squamous cell carcinoma including normal epithelium. This study aimed to evaluate expression of ΔNp63 isoform in human oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue and normal mucosa. The 3 cases of well differenciated oral squamous cell carcinoma specimen including adjacent normal mucosa were examined, and immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody(4A4) and tumor cell apoptosis analysis with Transmission Electon Microscopy were studied. And, RT-PCR analysis was done for expression of ΔNp63 isoform. The results were as followed. 1. Normal gingiva showed the restricted p63 expression in basal cell layer. 2. Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showed mainly p63 expression in overall area of malignancy, especially in basal cell layer to adjacent stromal tissue. 3. Tumor cells around keratinized area with no p63 expression disclosed less micro-organelle in decreased size cytoplasm and severe chromatin margination with nuclear destruction that means apoptosis. 4. Comparison of mRNA expression of ΔNp63 isoform by RT-PCR showed variable expression of ΔNp63 isoform, but ΔNp63αwas most highly expressed in all 3 tumor specimen. From theses results, it should be suggested that ΔNp63 isoform expression in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was closely related to tumor oncogenesis, expecially overexpression of ΔNp63αis a most important factor in tumor genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

비강 및 비인두에 발생한 도립유두종과 편평상피암종의 p53단백 및 세포증식능에 관한 연구

한주호,윤기중,이재규,신대균,박근호,조향정,문형배 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1996 圓光醫科學 Vol.12 No.2

The inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma are common neoplasia in the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx, but the incidence of these tumors are very low and the study on the oncogenesis or biological activity of the tumor cells are not well known. This study was designed to evaluate the oncogenic roles of the p53 gene and the proliferative activity of the tumor cells in the inflammatory polyp, inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. The experiment was carried by the immunohistochemical stains about the p53 protein, PCNA and Ki-67, histochemical stain about the AgNORs. and flow cytometric analysis about the DNA ploidy using the formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. The frequency of the expression of p53 protein was 0%(0/16 cases) in the inflammatory polyps, 18.8% (3/16 cases) in the inverted papillomas, and 87.5%(14/16 cases) in the squamous cell carcinomas. The labelling index(%) of the PCNA and Ki-67 was 5.3% and 3.3% in the inflammatoy polyps, 29.6% and 25.2% in the inverted papillomas, and 51.9% and 36.8% in the squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of the PCNA and Ki-67 was distributed in the periphery of the tumor islands of the inverted papilloma and was distributed in the both of center and periphery of the tumor islands of the squamous cell carcinoma. The number of nuclear AgNORs was increased in the order of inflammatory polyps (0.96), inverted papillomas(1.34) and squamous cell carcinoma(2.09). The frequency of the DNA aneuploidy was 0%(0/16 cases) in the inflammatory polyps, 18.8%(3/16 cases) in the inverted papillomas. and 12.5%(2/16 cases) in the squamous cell carcinomas. Above results indicates that the changes of the p53 gene and proliferative activity of the tumor cells are involved on the oncogenesis and the biological activity of the inverted papilloma or squamous cell carcinoma in the nasopharynx and sinonasa cavity.

Comparative Study of PCNA and Ki-67 Immunohistochemical Staining in Psoriasis,Basal Cell Carcinomas and Squamous cell Carcinomas

Jung, Mi Jung,Kim, Young-Keun Korean Dermatological Association 1994 Annals of Dermatology Vol.6 No.2

후두 편평세포암종에서 Cyclooxygenase 1과 2의 발현

김경환,조강한,이규석,임도형,백상흠,양훈식,홍영호,김미경 대한이비인후과학회 2001 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.44 No.9

전이성 편평 세포암종의 체액 세포학적 소견

명나혜,고재수,하창원,조경자,장자준,Myong, Na-Hye,Ko, Jae-Soo,Ha, Chang-Won,Cho, Kyung-Ja,Jang, Ja-June 대한세포병리학회 1992 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.3 No.1

It is very rare to diagnose a squamous cell carcinoma when the carcinoma cells are observed in various body fluids. The effusion cytology of squamous cell carcinoma has not been sufficiently studied till now. We examined 10 cases of body fluid cytologic specimen diagnosed as metastatic squamous ceil carcinoma, which were selected among 2,100 body fluid cytology cases collected from 1986 to 1991. The patients had been confirmed to have primary squamous ceil carcinomas. The backgrounds of cellular aspirates were necrotic in most and the cells appeared in clusters or individually. The cell clusters showed round and smooth margins, mimicking adenocarcinoma, but in flat sheets rather than three-dimensional bails. the individual cells were most frequently Graham's 3rd-type cells, found in all cases, which were described as 1.5 times large as the parabasal cells and having small cytoplasmic rims. Other malignant squamous cells were undifferentiated cells, polygonal cells, fiber cells, and tadpole cells with decreasing order of frequency. The recognition of various features of malignant squamous cells would be helpful for the diagnosis of squamous ceil carcinoma found in effusion cytology.

유방의 화생성 편평상피세포암종 17예에 대한 임상 및 병리학적 분석

이선아,이경은,문병인,한운섭,성순희 대한병리학회 2009 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.43 No.1

Background : Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is very rare and it is considered to arise from metaplastic change of ductal carcinoma. Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma (MSC) of the breast includes pure squamous cell carcinoma, metaplastic adenosquamous carcinoma and low grade adenosquamous carcinoma. Most of the cases of MSC of the breast were reported to have lymph node metastasis and this has a worse prognosis than that of conventional invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods : We collected 17 cases of MSC of the breast from 1,173 cases of breast cancer and analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics. Results : The age range was 31 to 69 years (mean age: 47.2). The mean tumor size was 3.6 cm. Twelve cases (70.6%) had a negative nodal status. The majority of the cases were of a high nuclear grade (grade III: 76.5%), and a high histologic grade (grade III: 88.2%). All the cases had no amplification of HER2, and they were negative for hormonal receptors, except for 2 cases with weak positivity. All the cases showed positivity for EGFR (3+: 14 cases, 1+: 3 cases). Clinical relapse was found in 3 patients on follow up and two of them expired due to lung and bone metastasis. Conclusions : MSC is associated with high nuclear and istologic grades, a high EGFR expression and they are triple negative for ER, PR, and HER2. The EGFR immunopositivity of MSC suggests a basal-like subtype. Background : Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is very rare and it is considered to arise from metaplastic change of ductal carcinoma. Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma (MSC) of the breast includes pure squamous cell carcinoma, metaplastic adenosquamous carcinoma and low grade adenosquamous carcinoma. Most of the cases of MSC of the breast were reported to have lymph node metastasis and this has a worse prognosis than that of conventional invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods : We collected 17 cases of MSC of the breast from 1,173 cases of breast cancer and analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics. Results : The age range was 31 to 69 years (mean age: 47.2). The mean tumor size was 3.6 cm. Twelve cases (70.6%) had a negative nodal status. The majority of the cases were of a high nuclear grade (grade III: 76.5%), and a high histologic grade (grade III: 88.2%). All the cases had no amplification of HER2, and they were negative for hormonal receptors, except for 2 cases with weak positivity. All the cases showed positivity for EGFR (3+: 14 cases, 1+: 3 cases). Clinical relapse was found in 3 patients on follow up and two of them expired due to lung and bone metastasis. Conclusions : MSC is associated with high nuclear and istologic grades, a high EGFR expression and they are triple negative for ER, PR, and HER2. The EGFR immunopositivity of MSC suggests a basal-like subtype.