중국「향촌진흥촉진법」시각 하의 디지털향촌 거버넌스의 경로 최적화에 대한 검토 - 산둥성 X진(鎭) 디지털향촌의 사례를 중심으로 -

쩡진량,Wu Wei 한국토지법학회 2023 土地法學 Vol.39 No.2

향촌진흥 전략은 중국의 삼농문제를 해결하기 위한 전반적인 계획과 행동지침이다. 향촌진흥 전략을 실현하고 디지털향촌 거버넌스를 촉진하는 것은 법치 보장과 불가분의 관계이다. 산둥성 X진은 향촌진흥 시범진으로서 디지털향촌 건설의 성과가 “산둥성 디지털향촌 개발 및 혁신의 모범 사례”에 성공적으로 선정되었으며, X진은 디지털향촌 건설을 추진하는 과정에서 일정한 성과를 거두었지만, 거버넌스 주체, 거버넌스 객체 및 거버넌스 환경 측면에서 특정 문제점이 있다. 거버넌스 주체의 측면에서는 촌양위의 불충분한 인력 및 인식의 한계, 촌민들의 불충분한 인터넷 참여 및 약한 능력, 미성숙한 농촌사회조직 및 낮은 참여도, 부족한 기술인재 및 엘리트의 유출과 같은 문제점이 있다. 거버넌스의 객체 측면에서는 농촌사무의 난이도 증가, 제도적 근거 부족, 농촌정보 공개 부족 등의 문제점이 있다. 거버넌스 환경 측면에는 디지털장비의 낙후, 자금조달경로의 단일화, 표준화된 디지털향촌 거버넌스 절차 미형성 등의 문제점이 있다. 본 논문은「향촌진흥촉진법」의 관점을 기반으로 X진의 디지털향촌 거버넌스에서 발생하는 문제점에 대한 체계적인 사고를 통해 디지털향촌 거버넌스의 개선경로를 제안한다. 구체적으로 말하면, 디지털향촌 거버넌스에 대한 당 조직의 리더십 강화, 촌민들의 참여의식과 디지털기술 향상, 농촌사회조직의 발전 가속화를 포함하여 다방면으로 참여하는 디지털향촌 거버넌스 패턴을 구축해야 한다. 향촌사무 목표관리시스템 구축, 향촌사무 책임관리시스템 구축, 향촌사무 관리프로세스 표준화 실현을 포함하여 디지털향촌 관리시스템 설계를 혁신해야 한다. 다단식 참여의 정부서비스플랫폼 구축, 다원적 투자관리메커니즘 구축, 포인트 인센티브 자체 거버넌스 실현을 포함한 디지털향촌 거버넌스 플랫폼도 조성해야 한다. 위의 조치를 통해 디지털향촌 거버넌스 모델의 혁신을 촉진하고 농촌 기층 거버넌스를 현대화하고 향촌진흥을 실현한다. The 19th Party Congress put forward the rural revitalization strategy, which is a general plan and actor's guide to solve the three rural issues in China. To realize the rural revitalization strategy and promote digital rural governance, the rule of law is indispensable. The Promotion of Rural Revitalization Law provides the top-level design for the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and is the basic general law throughout the rural revitalization strategy. Shandong Province institutionalizes typical experiences and practices in rural revitalization, while solving problems and shortcomings in promoting rural revitalization strategy in Shandong Province by means of rule of law, and formulates and introduces the Regulations on Promoting Rural Revitalization in Shandong Province, which mainly focuses on five major revitalizations, while making special chapters to refine matters such as support measures. As a model town for rural revitalization, X Town in Shandong Province has been selected as the "Typical Case of Digital Village Development Innovation Practice in Shandong Province". Although X Town has made certain achievements in promoting the construction of digital village, there are certain problems in terms of governance subject, governance object and governance environment. At the level of governance subject, there are problems such as insufficient personnel and cognitive limitations of village committees, insufficient awareness and weak ability of villagers to participate in the Internet, immature and low participation of rural social organizations, shortage of skilled personnel and obvious outflow, etc.; at the level of governance object, there are problems such as increasing difficulty of village governance and lack of institutional basis for village affairs information disclosure, etc.; at the level of governance environment, there are problems such as lagging digital equipment, single funding channel, and no standardized information disclosure. At the level of governance environment, there are problems such as lagging digital equipment, single funding channel, and no standardized digital village governance procedure. Based on the perspective of the Rural Revitalization Promotion Law, this paper proposes the improvement path of digital rural governance by systematically considering the problems in digital rural governance in X town. Specifically, building a digital rural governance pattern with multi-participation under the leadership of the Party, including strengthening the leadership of the Party organization in digital rural governance, improving villagers' awareness of participation and digital skills, and accelerating the development of rural social organizations; innovating the design of digital rural governance system, including building a village affairs goal management system, establishing a village affairs responsibility management system, and standardizing the process of village affairs governance; creating a digital rural governance platform It includes building a government service platform with multi-level participation, establishing a management mechanism with diversified input, and realizing self-governance with integral incentive. Through the above measures, we will promote the innovation of digital village governance mode, and then promote the modernization of rural grassroots governance to achieve rural revitalization.

IoT기반 농촌마을공동체의 실제와 성과

정용교,동양,정윤조 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2019 민족문화논총 Vol.71 No.-

한국 농촌사회는 거대한 전환시기를 맞이하여 새로운 도전에 직면하고 있다. 현행 농촌사회는 자생적 발전동력과 그런 발전동력을 추동할 수 있는 외부적 유인요인을 갖추지 못하고 있다. 이런 상황에서 한국농촌사회는 ‘떠나는 지역’에서 ‘찾아오는 지역’으로의 전환이 시급이 요청된다. 이 논문은 ‘찾아오는 지역’으로의 전환을 농촌 마을공동체의 부활과 재조명으로 모색하고자 하였다. 이런 모색은 4차산업 혁명의 핵심요소인 IoT(사물인터넷)에 기반한 농촌마을공동체의 실천모형으로 제시하였다. 먼저, IoT기반 마을공동체 구축을 통해 독거상태에 있는 노인들 대상으로 안전안심을 담보할 수 있는 공동체를 제안하였다. 다음으로, 농촌마을 맞춤형의 6차산업 육성기회를 제공함으로써 안정적 농가소득을 창출할 수 있었고, 이는 도시 유휴인력의 농촌유입을 가능케 함으로써 농촌마을을 활성화할 수 있었다. 요컨대, IoT기반 농촌마을공동체 구축은 소멸상태에 놓여 있는 농촌마을의 지속가능성을 보장할 수 있었다. 이는 또 농촌경제의 활성화를 가능케 하여 ‘찾아오는 마을’로의 전환을 가능하게 하였다. Rural societies in Korea are facing new challenges in the era of huge transition. Korean rural societies do not have a self-generated power generation forces, at the same time they do not have external attraction factors that can drive such power generation forces. In this situation, Korean rural societies should be able to change the image of rural society from 'leaving area' to 'coming area'. In this paper, we attempt to make this transition to the 'coming area' through the resurrection and reexamination of the rural village communities. These attempts are closely related to presenting a practice model of rural community based on the IoT (Internet of Things) as a key element of the 4th Industrial Revolution. First of all, we could propose an example of village community that can guarantee safety and security to elderly people living alone because of the establishment of IoT based communities. Next, it is possible to create farm household income by fostering the 6th industry friendly to rural villages. This guarantee of farm income provided incentive motivation to migrate people from urban areas to rural communities. As a result, it could bring about activation of rural villages. In sum, the establishment of a rural community based on IoT could provide an important implication for the sustainability of the rural villages,that have been put into extinction. In addition, it enables the transition as a 'coming village' through the activation of the rural economy.

농촌마을 유형에 따른 거주환경 분석과 만족도 연구

배웅규,윤용우,정동섭,주대관 한국농촌계획학회 2014 농촌계획 Vol.20 No.3

This study analyzed the types of Rural Villages, divided the areas with six criteria such as geographical environment and selected three target areas to observe them. Through these target areas, it attempted to analyze the difference and correlation of satisfaction with the residential environment depending on the characteristics of the Rural Village. In investigating and analyzing the satisfaction of the residents in the Rural Villages, it divided it into 'satisfaction with rural village life', 'satisfaction with housing' and 'satisfaction with village environment,' and compared and analyzed them with the physical environment of the Rural Village. Based on this, according to the type of local Rural Village, it analyzed with what part there were high relations with resident's satisfaction with the Rural Village. As a result, there was no significant difference between groups by the Rural villages, but residents were more satisfied with the natural environment of the village rather than individual housing. The analysis of the correlation between satisfaction with Rural villages and various factors, the more distance there is between the individual housing and the meeting facility, the lower their satisfaction with the Rural village became. In the future, when a community center or meeting facility is planned, it would heighten the resident's happiness when it is located at the physical center of the village rather than at the entrance of it.

농촌마을 정비 특성별 어메니티 평가

장은숙,전영미,박윤호 한국조경학회 2002 한국조경학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This research is related to the evaluation of rural amenities. Since the UR negotiations, the wave of market liberalization has brought many difficulties to the rural areas. This paper serves to identify a number of important elements such as socialization, cultural and ecological resources and investigate the viability of rural areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate rural amenities by evaluation indices and establish planning direction of amenities for rural areas. The data have been collected by methods of a field survey and a questionnaire survey. The evaluation indices have been defined as socialization, safety, amenity and convenience by several researches. Villages have been divided into two groups. Seven(Shimchon, Ibaek, Muan, Dokpyong-li, Imchin-li Hyangyang-li, Wonwol-li) have been newly constructed, six(baeksa, Mokmyon, yongho-li, shindyae-li, hwangdun·songgae) have been redeveloped. There are considerable differences in the degree of satisfaction between he two groups. The results are as follows: 1) socialization is very necessary for amenities in rural villages. Especially the values of the resident's interactions and management of the village are most important in the preparation of an amenity plan in rural areas. So the plans and establishment of public facilities are requisite for the residents community. 2) The convenience of rural public facility plans is necessary for the improvement of the farmers'living conditions. For planning the rural villages, special regards are paid to characteristics of the village, such as the former place of residence and occupations. 3) Newly constructed village should improve their socialization and the redeveloped types should try to get a better life for amenity and safety, The residents of the redeveloped types show relatively high degree of satisfaction with indices of resident community, living convenience facilities, and management of village. On the contrary, amenity and safety are good in newly constructed types. This study has taken into consideration the characteristics of rural villages. It makes a contribution to the redevelopment of rural villages and improves amenities in rural villages. It is recommended that more studies classify the resources of rural areas and measure amenities which are significant to city dwellers in the future.

마을축제를 통한 농촌관광마을 만들기 -못생긴호박축제 방문객을 사례로-

안종현 ( Zong Hyun Ahn ) 한국문화관광학회 2008 문화관광연구 Vol.10 No.2

This Study is considering both visiting trend to Village Festival and Rural Tourism preference for the purpose of showing the political implication about Rural Tourism Village Building which is selected for building Rural Tourism Village of the Green Rural Tourism Village Building Project and leaded by residents. As a result of this study, Jangheung Ugly-looking Pumpkin Festival is worthy of note; not a huge festival which attracts citizen for advertising their festival and increasing income by marketing products from their village but a small festival which is held by their residents. When we think about value of a rural community, village festival-especially in contents is needed systematic program not only selling products and experience a rural village but also "Village Building", "Return to the Farm", "Urban-Rural Interchange" with people lives in city and country in prospect. In addition, diversified support as an administration fact is needed to be generated continually and settled for village-centered small festival which is held by themselves at all times in village.

농촌마을 유형에 따른 거주환경 분석과 만족도 연구

배웅규 ( Woong Kyoo Bae ),윤용우 ( Yong Woo Yun ),정동섭 ( Dong Seop Jeong ),주대관 ( Dae Khan Joo ) 한국농촌계획학회 2014 농촌계획 Vol.20 No.3

This study analyzed the types of Rural Villages, divided the areas with six criteria such as geographical environment and selected three target areas to observe them. Through these target areas, it attempted to analyze the difference and correlation of satisfaction with the residential environment depending on the characteristics of the Rural Village. In investigating and analyzing the satisfaction of the residents in the Rural Villages, it divided it into ‘satisfaction with rural village life’, ‘satisfaction with housing’ and ‘satisfaction with village environment,’ and compared and analyzed them with the physical environment of the Rural Village. Based on this, according to the type of local Rural Village, it analyzed with what part there were high relations with resident``s satisfaction with the Rural Village. As a result, there was no significant difference between groups by the Rural villages, but residents were more satisfied with the natural environment of the village rather than individual housing. The analysis of the correlation between satisfaction with Rural villages and various factors, the more distance there is between the individual housing and the meeting facility, the lower their satisfaction with the Rural village became. In the future, when a community center or meeting facility is planned, it would heighten the resident``s happiness when it is located at the physical center of the village rather than at the entrance of it.

농촌마을종합개발사업 주민교육에 대한 효과인식이 사회적 자본에 미치는 영향

김혜영,류시영 한국호텔관광학회 2011 호텔관광연구 Vol.13 No.3

As rural villages’ space became the center of the rural development projects and strategies to develop areas in 2000s, an axis of the government-sponsored rural development projects is green tourism village in rural area, the comprehensive rural village development projects and revitalizing projects. And it's another axis that alternative rural development projects are being done focusing on campaign to make villages that local society and residents become the main agents. Especially, since the policy of rural tourism was made in 2000s, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Rural Development Administration and Korea Forest Service have fostered green tourism village in rural area, rural traditional theme village,fishing village experience, mountain village experience and rural tourism educational farm emphasizing each institution's characteristics and each local government is promoting various types of policies to develop rural tourism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of awareness of the effect about residents'education of the comprehensive rural village development projects for local residents who are the educational subjects in the area to promote the projects to develop rural tourism village, recognize the importance of residents’ education to build social capital and use it as the basic data which can present its direction and educational plan to promote the comprehensive rural village development projects and develop the rural areas.

식민지기 동래지역 회동 농촌진흥청년회의 결성과 그 추이 - 향반 촌락의 사례 연구 -

손숙경 ( Son Suk-kyung ) 동아대학교 석당학술원 2023 석당논총 Vol.- No.86

This research examines the background of the formation and activites of the Rural Revitalization Youth Association of Hoedong, which is a colonial rural village of Dongnae’s local elite. The Rural Revitalization Youth Association of Hoedong. organized in 1924 to promote the poor rural areas, continued enlightenment activites which Youth Association in the 1920s formed. After year of 1932, while Government-General of Korea’s rural revitalization movement was undergoing, the Rural Revitalization Youth Association changed its focus to agricultural activites. The background of The Rural Revitalization Youth Association’s executives was came from the descendants of local elite families of Hoedong such as Gimhae kim, Yeosan Song, and Milseong Park clans. These families show continuity of ruling village association, especially Gimhae Kim clan. The activities of the Rural Revitalization Youth Association can be summarized into regulations, funeral protocols, and loans. The Rural Revitalization Youth Association is associate with rural revitalization movement, but it doesn’t show specific activities related to agriculture. What can be shown is the Rural Revitalization Youth Association made efforts to maintain order through ban thefts, poaching and gambiling. And funeral protocols were the most significant activites, showing that the activities were shifted from Dongjung to The Rural Revitalization Youth association. Also, the Rural Revitalization Youth Association underwent loan activites, seperated with village association(洞中). Thus, the Rural Revitalization Youth Association showed dynamism similar to the Youth Association in the county seats during early stages, in social change of modern era, however, this dynamism gradually reduced. Rather than focusing on enlightment activites, the Rural Revitalization Youth Association tend to maintain the order of the village. A few member such as Youngchan Kim, who studied abroad at Japanese sericulture school and individually worked in Dongane county, was existed. But they couldn’t go through public of modernity like establishment of cooperative organization. It seems that heritages of the local elite village formed through the Korean Surname-Village(同姓村落) played role in these phenomenon. In that case, this research goes beyond just single case by suggesting this was the general figure of typical local elite village. In addition, regarding there is a few of specific records of indicating the truth of Rural Revitalization Youth Association, the formation of the Rural Revitalization Youth Association in Hoedong can be very effective case research by providing specific knowledge of formation and activites of Rural Revitalization Youth Association as unit of village

농촌관광개발사업 지역주민의 의사결정참여와 심리적 주인의식이 마을조직 몰입과 개발지지도에 미치는 영향 연구

김혜영 관광경영학회 2015 관광경영연구 Vol.67 No.-

Having examined research so far as well as conception of residents' decision-making participation and psychological ownership who are in the rural tourism development, we have presented hypothesis based on research regarding how they affect rural tourism village commitment and business support. In order to find correlation with decision-making participation and psychological ownership concerning rural tourism village commitment and business support, examining the structural interaction of cause and effect among residents' decision-making participation, psychological ownership, rural tourism village commitment, rural tourism development and business support. This research result offer basic information about effect of rural tourism development’s efficient work and success availability with residents' decision-making participation and psychological ownership who are in the rural tourism village as well as offer basic data in order to activate rural tourism village. Summarizing analysis result of this research, residents' decision-making participation who are in the rural tourism development don’t affect directly business support but increase commitment about rural tourism village. and also can find increase of business support about rural tourism village development through village commitment’s factor. and next, the higher residents have psychological ownership, the higher commitment they have about rural tourism village development as indicating that psychological ownership affect directly business support. also, we can find that residents' psychological ownership make commitment increase and business support increase as well about rural tourism development through village commitment’s increase factor.

仪式中的国家在场对中国乡村共同体重构的影响 -基于五村播种节和尉村跑鼓车文化艺术节的比较研究-

马杰,정용교 동아인문학회 2022 동아인문학 Vol.60 No.-

After completing the task of poverty elimination campaign, reconstructing the rural community has become one of the core issues of the rural revitalization strategy in order to cope with the developmental predicament of China's rural areas in the process of modernization. Promoting the reconstruction of rural communities through rural cultural rituals is an important part of the Chinese government's primary-level governance in rural areas. In the Ritual, different states of the state presence have different effects on the construction of the rural community. Through the research on the “Five Village Sowing Festival” in Wu Village, Wuxiang County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, and the “Wei Village Drum Runs Cart Culture and Art Festival” in Wei Village, Xiangfen County, Linfen City, it is found with obvious feature of political ritual in the “Wu Village Sowing Festival” dominated by state power. Inspired by the authority of the government, the villagers participated in the “Wu Village Sowing Festival”, and gradually strengthened their identification with the rural community. The “Wei Village Drum Runs Cart Culture and Art Festival” shows the feature of the synergy between the national power and the traditional system of village. The participation of villagers from Wei village in rituals and their identification with the rural community also stem from this feature. Based on the two different states of state presence, rituals can effectively promote the reconstruction of rural community. 为了应对现代化进程中中国乡村地区发展的困境,在完成脱贫攻坚的任务之后,重构乡村共同体成为乡村振兴战略的核心议题之一。通过乡村文化仪式促进乡村共同体的重构,是中国政府在乡村中进行基层社会治理的重要内容。在仪式中,国家在场的状态不同,对于乡村共同体的重构也会产生不同的影响。本文通过对山西省长治市武乡县五村的“五村播种节”和临汾市襄汾县尉村的“尉村跑鼓车文化艺术节”的研究,发现以国家力量为主导的五村播种节,带有明显的政治仪式特征。基于政府权威的感召,村民参与到五村播种节中,并在参与过程中逐渐强化对于乡村共同体的认同。而尉村跑鼓车文化艺术节则表现出国家力量与乡村传统制度协同作用的特点,尉村村民参与仪式以及对于乡村共同体的认同也源于这一特点。基于国家在场的两种不同状态,仪式均能有效的促进乡村共同体的重构。