http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Park, Sang-Wook,Cho, Hyun-Bum,Park, Dae-Won 한국공업화학회 2003 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.9 No.4
Benzyl acetate was synthesized by the reaction of benzyl chloride with sodium acetate in a two-phase system of an aqueous solution and toluene using tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride (QCl) as a phase-transfer catalyst. The distribution coefficient and chemical equilibrium constants of QCl and tricaprylylmethylammonium acetate were used to analyze the kinetics of the esterification. Two models were used to obtain the reaction rate constant and to simulate the kinetics, i.e., (ⅰ ) simple ion exchange across the interface, and (ⅱ ) anion exchange in the aqueous phase. The overall reaction can be described by a first-order reaction with respect to the molar concentration of benzyl chloride and the active intermediate produced by the reaction between QCl and acetate ion in the organic phase, respectively.
Kim, Myunghun,Hong, Chang Kook,Choe, Soona,Shim, Sang Eun Interscience 2007 Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemis Vol.45 No.19
<P>Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were effectively functionalized with KMnO<SUB>4</SUB> in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst at room temperature. The hydroxyl functionalized MWNTs were reacted with a vinyl-group carrying silane-coupling agent and the terminal vinyl groups were used to fabricate polystyrene (PS) brushes by solution polymerization. Finally, PS-encapsulated MWNTs were obtained. The synthesis results were verified from FT-Raman, thermal gravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscope. PS-encapsulated MWNTs had much improved dispersion stability in hydrophobic medium, toluene since grafted hydrophobic PS interacts with media and has improved compatibility. This functionalization technique would provide a facile route to prepare various polymer brushes on the surface of MWNTs to improve the dispersion of MWNTs for potential applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4413–4420, 2007</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>MWNTs were effectively functionalized with KMnO<SUB>4</SUB> with the aid of a phase transfer catalyst at room temperature. The hydroxyl functionalized MWNTs were reacted with a vinyl-group carrying silane coupling agent, and the terminal vinyl groups on MWNTs were used to fabricate polystyrene brushes. Finally, polystyrene-encapsulated MWNTs were obtained by simple in situ solution polymerization.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2007-45-19-POLA22190-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2007-45-19-POLA22190-gra001'> </P>
Phase Transfer Catalysts를 이용한 할로겐화 알킬의 아지드화 반응
曺秉旭,金鐘奎 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1986 生産技術硏究 Vol.8 No.2
The kinetics on the displacement reactions of alkyl halides and sodium azide are linearly dependent on catalyst concentration and the rate is first order in 1-haloalkane concentration. A variety of catalysts was examined with the larger and more symmetrical ions being more effective. Displacement depends strongly on the aqueousphase azide ion/halide ion ratio, since this affects the equilibrium position for transfer of azide into organic phase by quaternary salt. The anion transfer equilibrium constant is sensitive to the amount of water present and the relatiue concentration of azide and halide ion.
Novel organic catalysts for nucleophilic fluorination including F-18 radiofluorination
나현수,김동욱 대한방사성의약품학회 2017 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.3 No.2
To overcome the low reactivity and solubility of alkali metal fluorides (MFs), various types of phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been developed over the last decades. However, since the fluoride activated by such PTC sometimes has a strong basicity, it may cause various side reactions such as elimination reaction or hydroxylation reaction in the nucleophilic fluorination reaction. Also, they may cause separation problems in the compound purification process. In recent advanced study, various PTCs have been developed to solve these problem of conventional catalyst. In this review, we would like to introduce three kinds of novel multifunctional organic catalysts such as bis-tert-alcohol-functionalized crown-6-calix[4]arene (BACCA), easy separable pyrene-tagged ionic liquid (PIL) by reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and tri–tert-butanolamine organic catalyst.
Novel organic catalysts for nucleophilic fluorination including F-18 radiofluorination
Na, Hyeon Su,Kim, Dong Wook 대한방사성의약품학회 2017 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.3 No.2
To overcome the low reactivity and solubility of alkali metal fluorides (MFs), various types of phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been developed over the last decades. However, since the fluoride activated by such PTC sometimes has a strong basicity, it may cause various side reactions such as elimination reaction or hydroxylation reaction in the nucleophilic fluorination reaction. Also, they may cause separation problems in the compound purification process. In recent advanced study, various PTCs have been developed to solve these problem of conventional catalyst. In this review, we would like to introduce three kinds of novel multifunctional organic catalysts such as bis-tert-alcohol-functionalized crown-6-calix[4]arene (BACCA), easy separable pyrene-tagged ionic liquid (PIL) by reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and tri-tert-butanolamine organic catalyst.
Kumar, Parvin,Kumar, Ashwani Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.8
A new approach to the use of potassium peroxodisulphate as an oxidizing reagent is proposed and applied to the case of oxidative aromatization of 1, 4-dihydropyridines with cetyltrimethylammonium peroxodisulfate, a phase transfer oxidant. We demonstrate how it is possible to increase the reactivity of potassium peroxodisulphate in the presence of phase transfer catalyst. Dealkylation in case of 4-n-alkyl/n-alkenyl was not obtained.
Parvin Kumar,Ashwani Kumar 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.8
A new approach to the use of potassium peroxodisulphate as an oxidizing reagent is proposed and applied to the case of oxidative aromatization of 1, 4-dihydropyridines with cetyltrimethylammonium peroxodisulfate, a phase transfer oxidant. We demonstrate how it is possible to increase the reactivity of potassium peroxodisulphate in the presence of phase transfer catalyst. Dealkylation in case of 4-n-alkyl/n-alkenyl was not obtained.
Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Malonate Derivatives with α, β-Unsaturated Ketones
Cho, Min-Je,Cho, Myoung-Gi,Huh, Sun-Chul,Kim, Sung-Min,Lee, Kil-sung,Koh, Kwang-Oh,Mang, Joo-Yang,Kim, Dae-Young Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.6
The catalytic enantioselective Michael reaction promoted by quaternary ammonium salts from Cinchona alkaloids as a phase-transfer catalyst is described. Treatment of malonates with $\alpha$,$\beta$-unsaturated ketones under mild reaction conditions afforded the corresponding Michael adducts in good yields with good to moderate enantiomeric excesses.