토지피복 지도와 식생 배출계수가 오존농도 모의에 미치는 영향

김경수,이승재 한국농림기상학회 2023 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Ground-level ozone affects human health and plant growth. Ozone is produced by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from anthropogenic and biogenic sources. In this study, two different land cover and emission factor datasets were input to the MEGAN v2.1 emission model to examine how these parameters contribute to the biogenic emissions and ozone production. Four input sensitivity scenarios (A, B, C and D) were generated from land cover and vegetation emission factors combination. The effects of BVOCs emissions by scenario were also investigated. From air quality modeling result using CAMx, maximum 1 hour ozone concentrations were estimated 62 ppb, 60 ppb, 68 ppb, 65 ppb, 55 ppb for scenarios A, B, C, D and E, respectively. For maximum 8 hour ozone concentration, 57 ppb, 56 ppb, 63 ppb, 60 ppb, and 53 ppb were estimated by scenario. The minimum difference by land cover was up to 25 ppb and by emission factor that was up to 35 ppb. From the modeling performance evaluation using ground ozone measurement over the six regions (East Seoul, West Seoul, Incheon, Namyangju, Wonju, and Daegu), the model performed well in terms of the correlation coefficient (0.6 to 0.82). For the 4 urban regions (East Seoul, West Seoul, Incheon, and Namyangju), ozone simulations were not quite sensitive to the change of BVOC emissions. For rural regions (Wonju and Daegu), however, BVOC emission affected ozone concentration much more than previously mentioned regions, especially in case of scenario C. This implies the importance of biogenic emissions on ozone production over the sub-urban to rural regions.

Characteristics of Ozone Precursor Emissions and POCP in the Biggest Port City in Korea

송상근,손장호,손현근 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2

Emissions of ozone precursors (NOx and VOCs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of VOC emission sources were investigated in the largest port city (i.e., Busan), Korea during the year 2011. This analysis was performed using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) national emission inventory provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. For NOx, the emissions from off-road mobile sources in Busan were the most dominant (e.g., 31,202 ton yr-1), accounting for about 60% of the total NOx emissions. The emission from shipping of off-road mobile sources (e.g., 24,922 ton yr-1) was a major contributor to their total emissions, amounting to 47% of the total NOx emissions due to the port-related activities in Busan. For VOCs, the emission source category of solvent usage was predominant (e.g., 36,062 ton yr-1), accounting for approximately 82% of the total VOC emissions. Out of solvent usages, the emission from painting was the most dominant (22,733 ton yr-1), comprising 52% of the total emissions from solvent usages. The most dominant VOC species emitted from their sources in Busan was toluene, followed by xylene, butane, ethylbenzene, n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propane. The major emission sources of toluene and xylene were found to be painting of coil coating and ship building, respectively. The value of POCP for the offroad mobile source (61) was the highest in ten major activity sectors of VOC emissions. Since the POCP value of ship transport of off-road mobile source (72) was also high enough to affect ozone concentration, the ship emission can play a significant role in ozone production of the port city like Busan.

Characteristics of Ozone Precursor Emissions and POCP in the Biggest Port City in Korea

Song, Sang-Keun,Shon, Zang-Ho,Son, Hyun Keun Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2

Emissions of ozone precursors ($NO_x$ and VOCs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of VOC emission sources were investigated in the largest port city (i.e., Busan), Korea during the year 2011. This analysis was performed using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) national emission inventory provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. For $NO_x$, the emissions from off-road mobile sources in Busan were the most dominant (e.g., $31,202ton\;yr^{-1}$), accounting for about 60% of the total $NO_x$ emissions. The emission from shipping of off-road mobile sources (e.g., $24,922ton\;yr^{-1}$) was a major contributor to their total emissions, amounting to 47% of the total $NO_x$ emissions due to the port-related activities in Busan. For VOCs, the emission source category of solvent usage was predominant (e.g., $36,062ton\;yr^{-1}$), accounting for approximately 82% of the total VOC emissions. Out of solvent usages, the emission from painting was the most dominant ($22,733ton\;yr^{-1}$), comprising 52% of the total emissions from solvent usages. The most dominant VOC species emitted from their sources in Busan was toluene, followed by xylene, butane, ethylbenzene, n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propane. The major emission sources of toluene and xylene were found to be painting of coil coating and ship building, respectively. The value of POCP for the off-road mobile source (61) was the highest in ten major activity sectors of VOC emissions. Since the POCP value of ship transport of off-road mobile source (72) was also high enough to affect ozone concentration, the ship emission can play a significant role in ozone production of the port city like Busan.

서울과 부산지역 기상의 영향을 제거한 오존농도 추세

김유근,오인보,황미경 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Surface ozone concentrations are highly sensitive to meteorological variability. Therefore, in order to reveal the long-term changes in ozone due to the changes in precursor emissions, we need to remove the effects of meteorological fluctuations on the annual distribution of surface ozone. In this paper, the meteorologically adjusted trends of daily maximum surface ozone concentrations in two major Korean cities(Seoul and Busan) are investigated based on ozone data from II(Seoul) and 6(Busan) sites over the period 1992~2000. The original time series consisting of the logarithm of daily maximum ozone concentrations are splitted into long-term, seasonal and short-term component using Kolmogorov-Zurbenko(KZ) filter. Meteorological effects are removed from filtered ozoned ozone series using multiple linear regression based on meteorologcial variables. The long term evolution of ozone forming capability due to changes in precursor emission can be obtained applying the KZ filter to the residuals of the regression. The results indicated that meteorologically adjusted long-term daily maximum ozone concentrations had a significant upward trend(Seoul:+3.02%yr¹, Busan: +3.45%yr¹). These changes of meteorologically adjusted ozone concentrations represent the effects of changing background ozone concentrations as well as the more localized changes in emissions.

실내 공기청정기의 오존 발생량 및 음이온 발생의 상관 특성

한방우(Bangwoo Han),김용진(Yong-Jin Kim),김학준(Hak-Joon Kim),김영복(Yong-Bok Kim),장성기(Seong-Ki Jang),이우석(Woo-Seok Lee) 한국실내환경학회 2006 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.3 No.4

Ozone has become a significant pollutant not only outdoors but also indoors. The ozone emission test was conducted for the sum of forty five air cleaners selected in the online shops and department stores. Negative ion emission test was also conducted for the selected fifteen ones which had the function to generate negative ions. Filter-type and complex type air cleaners emitted ozone less than 0.05 ppm, the standard of indoor ozone emission of air cleaner. Wet type ones emitted no ozone. In the case of ionizer type, 66.7% in the nine ones emitted ozone about 1.4~10 times larger than 0.05ppm. Most of air cleaners used a pin corona discharge emitted large amount of ozone. Those which used carbon fiber emitted little ozone in spite of generating a lot of negative ions.

Impacts of biogenic isoprene emission on ozone air quality in the Seoul metropolitan area

Lee, Kwang-Yeon,Kwak, Kyung-Hwan,Ryu, Young-Hee,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Baik, Jong-Jin Elsevier 2014 Atmospheric environment Vol.96 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The impacts of biogenic isoprene emission on ozone (O<SUB>3</SUB>) air quality during an episode under weak synoptic forcing in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), Republic of Korea, are investigated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulations with different biogenic isoprene emission scenarios show that the impact of biogenic isoprene emission on the daily maximum O<SUB>3</SUB> concentration is as high as 37 ppb in the Seoul region. The O<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in the Seoul region is significantly increased by the biogenic isoprene emission from the surrounding region compared to that from within the Seoul region. In addition, the gas-phase chemistry is found to be the most important process for O<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in the Seoul region in the presence of the biogenic isoprene emission from the surrounding region. While isoprene is not enough to influence O<SUB>3</SUB> concentration directly due to its short lifetime, the transport of isoprene oxidation products plays a crucial role in increasing O<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in the Seoul region. Through the process analysis, peroxy methacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) as well as formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetaldehyde (CCHO) is also identified as the important precursor that links biogenic isoprene emission from the surrounding region to O<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in the Seoul region. After transported by daytime local circulations, the chemistry of isoprene oxidation products contributes to O<SUB>3</SUB> formation in the Seoul region.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The impacts of biogenic isoprene emission on O<SUB>3</SUB> air quality are numerically examined. </LI> <LI> The increase in O<SUB>3</SUB> concentration can be 37 ppb due to the biogenic isoprene emission. </LI> <LI> The increase is largely caused by the isoprene emission from the surrounding region. </LI> <LI> HCHO, CCHO, and MPAN transport by local circulations worsens urban O<SUB>3</SUB> air quality. </LI> </UL> </P>

혼합기 오존 첨가에 따른 가솔린 엔진의 연소특성

이병호(Byongho Lee),이중섭(Chungseub Yi),전유신(Yousin Jun),정한식(Hansik Chung),정효민(Hyomin Jeong) 한국동력기계공학회 2006 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In a conventional and lean operating engine, the state of mixture is very important in the combustion and emission characteristics. Lean operation is known to decrease the formation while maintaining a good fuel economy, but the unstable operation due to misfire and erratic combustion prevents engines from being operated at very lean mixtures, so both combustion rates and exhaust emission formation need to be satisfied comparablely. In this study, it is designed and experimented the modified engine, and analyzed the combustion and exhaust emission according to the change of engine speed and with adding ozone. The conclusions were drawn out and enumerated as a following. 1. At the experimental result of automobile diesel engine, it has been verified that the formation of particulate matter(PM) gas is able to be lower with the addition of optimum quautities of ozone. 2. Carbon monoxide(CO) was formed by the lack of oxygen and the thermal dissociation in the combustion process. Therefore, with the change of swirl valve's position and addition of oxygen and ozone, CO formation was decreased by the increasing of excess O2, and increased by the combustion gas temperature higher. As a result of the two effects, CO formation was decreased in this study. 3. Hydrocarbon(HC) was formed by the lack of 02, and the flow of mixture in cylinder. According to opening of the swirl valve and adding the oxygen and ozone, hydrocarbon gas was decreased by respectively 20%, 9%, and 27.5%. 4. Nitric oxides(NOx) was strongly affected by the combustion gas temperature. As a result of respectively experimental conditions, NOx formation was increased about 20% due to be the higher combustion gas temperature.

흡기조성 중 오존 첨가에 따른 가솔린 기관의 연소특성에 관한 연구

이병호(Byang Ho Lee),김치원(Chiwoon Kim),이찬규(Chan Kyu Lee),이중섭(Chung Seub Yi),정효민(Hyo Min Jeong),정한식(Han Shik Chung) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6

In a conventional and lean operating engine, the state of mixture is very important in the combustion and emission characteristics. Lean operation is known to decrease the formation while maintaining a good fuel economy, but the unstable operation due to misfire and erratic combustion prevents engines from being operated at very lean mixtures, so both combustion rates and exhaust emission formation need to be satisfied comparablely. In this study, it is designed and experimented the modified engine, and analyzed the combustion and exhaust emission according to the change of engine speed and with adding ozone. The conclusions were drawn out and enumerated as a following. At the experimental result of automobile diesel engine, it has been verified that the formation of particulate matter(PM) gas is able to be lower with the addition of optimum quautities of ozone.

2003년부터 2015년까지 CA 인증 공기청정기의 성능 시험 결과 분석

김학준,홍기정,우창규,한방우,김용진,Kim, Hak-Joon,Hong, Kee-Jung,Woo, Chang Gyu,Han, Bangwoo,Kim, Yong-Jin 한국입자에어로졸학회 2017 Particle and Aerosol Research Vol.13 No.1

In this study, the test results obtained from the performance tests for CA (Korea Association of Cleaning Air) certificated air cleaners which had been commercially available in Korea from 2003 to 2015 were analyzed. Among the test parameters such as flow rate, particle collection efficiency, clean air delivery rate (CADR), ozone emission, odor removal efficiency and noise level, noise level and CADR were correlated with flow rates. Collection and odor removal efficiencies were 20% higher than the limit of the CA certification. The ozone emissions from the air cleaners were negligible because all the air cleaners were equipped with only HEPA filters, not electrostatic precipitation method which produces ozone.

도로 협곡에서 NOx와 VOCs에 대한 오존의 민감도

이광연,백종진,곽경환,박승부 한국대기환경학회 2013 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.29 No.3

The sensitivity of ozone to NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission rates under different ventilation rates and NO2-to-NOx emission ratios in a street canyon is investigated using a chemistry box model. The carbon bond mechanism IV (CBM-IV) with 36 gaseous species and 93 chemical reactions is incorporated. NOx and VOCs emission rates considered range from 0.01 to 0.30 ppb s-1 with intervals of 0.01 ppb s-1. Three different ventilation rates and three different NO2-to-NOx emission ratios are considered. The simulation results show that the ozone concentration decreases with increasing NOx emission rate but increases with increasing VOCs emission rate. When the emission ratio of VOCs to NOx is smaller than about 4, the ozone concentration is lower in the street canyon than in the background. On average, the magnitude of the sensitivity of ozone to NOx emission rate is significantly larger than that to VOCs emission rate. As the NOx emission rate increases, the magnitude of the sensitivity of ozone to NOx and VOCs emission rates decreases. Because the ozone concentration is lower in the street canyon than in the background, the increased ventilation rate enhances ozone inflow from the background. Therefore, the increase in ventilation rate results in the increase in ozone concentration and the decrease in the magnitude of the sensitivity of ozone to NOx and VOCs emission rates when the emission ratio of VOCs to NOx is smaller than about 4. On the other hand, the increase in NO2-to-NOx emission ratio results in the increase in ozone concentration because the chemical ozone production due to the NO2 photolysis is enhanced. In the present experimental setup, the contribution of the change in NO2-to-NOx emission ratio to the change in the sensitivity of ozone to NOx emission rate is larger than that of the change in ventilation rate.