발해연안 고대신석기 문명과 한민족과의 관계

양대언(Yang Dae Eon) 세계환단학회 2017 세계환단학회지 Vol.4 No.1

이 글은 중국 발해만 연안의 신석기문명과 한민족과의 관계를 논한 것이다. 요하(Liao He) 및 대능하(Da Neang He)유역의 요동과 요서지방의 신석기문화는 내몽골지역의 적봉(赤峰)과 요동의 심양(審陽)지역을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 그 시기는 BC 7000년으로 추산 된다. 중국은 고대문명탐험공정(古代文明探原工程)으로 세계에서 가장 오래되고 우수한 문명을 가진 국가로 부각 시키려 하고 있다. BC4500년의 홍산문화(紅山文化-Hong Shan culture)는 초기국가 단계에 진입되고 있음을 증명하고 있다. 우하량(牛河梁 -Niuheliang)에서 발굴된 거대한 제단(祭壇) 여신묘(女神廟) 적석총(蹟石塚)은 초기 문명사회 진입으로 보인다. 이 지역은 원래 동이족(東夷)이 이룩한 문화로 인정 되어왔다. 그러나 중원 문화보다 2000여년이나 앞서면서도 정교 하고 찬란한 문화를 이룩한 이 문명을 중국은 중국의 원류 문화로 편입시키고 그리고 동이족을 황제(黃帝)의 후예로 만들어 놓았다. 그러나 소위 요하 문명을 이룩한 장본인들은 동이제족이며 한민족의 조상인 예맥(濊貊)의 후예들과도 깊은 관련이 있다는 데는 이론의 여지가 없다. 더구나 이 문명의 일부인 소하연문화(小河沿)나 하가점하층문화(夏家店下層)지역은 단군조선이 위치했던 지역이라고 하는 학계의 정설이다. 그런데 이 지역에서 요하문명의 핵심문화인 홍산 문화를 최초 발견하는데는 1906 년 이후 일본인들에 의하여 조사가 되고 연구되었다. 여기에 이 문명의 주류의 후예인 한국은 이 문명과 멀어지고 있다. 따라서 환단고기(桓檀古記)를 통하여 연관성을 찾아내어 이 문명에 대한 인식을 새롭게 정립되어야 한다. 그리고 발해만을 중심으로 일어나고 발해만을 통하여 교류와 전파가 이루어진 발해만 문명은 당연히 발해만 연안 문명이라 이름하는 것이 타당하다고 본다. This paper is a study of the relationship between the Neolithic civilization on the Bohai wan coast and Korans. The Neolithic culture of the Liaodong( 遼東 )and Liaoxi area( 遼西 地方 )along the Liao He( 遼河 )and Dae Neang He( 大凌河 )basins was formed mainly around the Chih-feng( 赤峰 )of the inner Mongolia and the Shenyang( 沈陽 ) of the Liaodong area. It is estimated to the be about 7,000years BC. Chia has tried to show that it is the best civilized country in the world with the Ancient Civilization Exploration Project(gu dai wen ming tan yuan gong cheng- 古代文明探源工程 ). The Hongshan culture( 紅山文化 )of about 4,500 BC is entering the early stage of the nation. It is seen as a beginning civilization by the huge sanctuary( 祭壇 ), the tomb of the goddess( 女神墓 ),and the stone mound tomb( 積石塚 )found in the Niuheliang yiji( 牛河 梁 ). The area has been originaly recognized as a culture of Dongyizu( 東夷族 ) However, China has embraced the Hongshan Culture, which achieved a sophisticated and brillant 2,000 years ahead of the Zhongyuan Culture( 中原文化 ), as China’s culture of origin. Also the Dongyizu became the descendants of the emperor. But it is Dongyizu and the descendants of Yemaekzu( 濊貊族 )that is the ancestors of the Koreans( 韓民族 )who led the LiaoHe Civilization( 遼河文明 ). In addition, it is the orthodoxy of academia that the area of the Xiaoheyan culture( 小河沿文化 )and Xiajiadian xia ceng wen hua culture( 夏家店下層 文化 )which was part of the Liao he civilization was indeed where Dangunjoseon( 檀君朝 鮮 ) was established. This Hongshan culture was investigated and studied by the Japanese in 1906 and has been studied exclusively by China since 1945. Even though it was the mainstream of the Hongshan culture, Korea has become lncreasingly distant from the culture. Therefore, a new understanding of the Liao he culture, which is carried out through Handangogi( 桓檀古記 ), should be established. It seems only reasonable that the Bohai Wan Civilizatio, which took place around Bohai Wan and was exchanged and spread through the Bohai Wan, is named as Bohai Wan Coastal Civilization.

从≪山海经≫到≪红楼梦≫看玉原型及其文学体现

尹皓冉,박명진 동아인문학회 2023 동아인문학 Vol.65 No.-

Jade is a significant element in Chinese culture and literature. This article delves into the evolution and connotations of jade in Chinese culture through an in-depth analysis of ancient Chinese literary works. The study is divided into three periods: the jade prototype period, the jade transformation period, and the jade essence period. From the Shan Hai Jing(山海经) to the Hong Lou Meng(红楼梦) the article employs the prototype theory to reveal the unique position of jade in the “collective unconscious” of human hearts. Jade is endowed with beautiful symbolism, reflecting the pursuit of perfect qualities and closely intertwining with desires. The article deeply analyzes the profound impact of jade on Chinese culture, emphasizing its auspicious symbolism in societal and cultural contexts. Through the subtle resonance between literature and psychology, it unveils the indispensable role of jade in China's millennia-old cultural heritage, providing a profound interpretation of the social value of jade culture.

중국민족주의 담론으로서의 黃帝서사에 대한 계보학적 고찰

李有鎭(Lee You-jin) 중국어문학연구회 2009 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.57

Focusing primarily on Huang Di and including discussion of the discourse, the narrative and the genealogical approach, this essay ‘A Genealogical Approach to the Huang Di Narratives in the Discourse of Chinese Nationalism’ aims at capturing the complexity of the Chinese nationalism and Huang Di. For challenging all other studies trying to attest the reality of Huang Di, this article examines the power of Huang Di narrative by researching each historical circumstance, shaping the narrative and the ultimate intention embedded in it. Was Huang Di a historical or mythical being? No one knows for sure. But Huang Di has been recognized as a common ancestor of Hua Xia since Han Dynasty. Huang Di, a long-standing symbol of imperial authority, was transformed into a symbol for modern Chinese national identity in late Qing. Huang Di as an ‘invented tradition’ has played an important role in the Chinese discourse of the nation. The meaning of Huang Di was different between the reformers and the revolutionaries. Some also asserted a theory in which Huang Di emigrated from West Asia to China. On the other hand, some recently would connect Huang Di with Hong Shan culture. These conflicting narratives are on the same level of awareness, in the light of reflections of the current point of view. Huang Di became a prominent symbol as an ancestor, a conqueror, and the originator of the culture, with the capacity to capture the historical resources in the discourse of Chinese nationalism. But most of all, we need to think critically about the nature of the hidden violence and conflict of the Huang Di narrative. Even though all history is contemporary history, I don’t wish the main body of discourse to miss the chance to restrain the function of the ‘Us-Them’ hostile code. So lastly, I would like to say that there is one thing to keep in mind; “The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there.”

동북공정의 최종판 ‘요하문명론’

우실하(Woo Sil-Ha) 고조선단군학회 2006 고조선단군학 Vol.15 No.-

A series of Chinese national projects on history, such as 'Dan-dae Project' (斷代工程: 1996-2000), 'Tam-won Project'(探源工程: 2003- ) has a hidden goal to establish Neo-Imperialism of China. Now a days in Chinese, 'The Doctrine of Liao-he Civilization'(遼河文明論) has been projected as a final phase of 'Dong-buk Project'(東北工程, North-east Historical Project of China). In this paper the author suggests that many kinds of Chinese national projects on history concentrats on 'The Doctrine of Liao-he Civilization(遼河文明論)' as a final phase of 'Dongbuk Project'(東北工程, North-east Historical Project of China). Especially 'Niu-he-liang' Hong-shan Cultural Site in Liao-he valley is endowed with all conditions to be a state some 5500 years ago. The author suggests the background of 'The Doctrine of Liao-he Civilization (遼河文明論)' and the intention of 'The Doctrine of Liao-he Civilization'. Especially, the author suggests that the leader of ‘Liao-he Civilization’(遼河文明) is not ancient Chinese people, but ancient Korean people.

‘장백산문화론’의 비판적 검토

조법종 백산학회 2008 白山學報 Vol.- No.79