Influence of Gibberellic Acid on α-D-Galactosidase Activity in the Grape Berry

Kang, Han-Chul,Lee, Seon-Hwa,Kim, Jong-Bum 한국응용생명화학회 2001 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.44 No.2

Glycosidase activities in the grape flesh (Marguerite) were assayed, and the order of activity was marked as follows: ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase>${\alpha}$-D-mannosidase>${\alpha}$-D-glucosidase>${\beta}$-D-galactosidase>${\beta}$-D-glucosidase. Of these glycosidases, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-D-galactosidases were prominently expressed by the treatment of gibberellic acid, resulting in 56 and 238% increase of activity, respectively. Most of ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase was found in the flesh texture, and the activity increase by gibberellic acid occurred mostly in this tissue. The increase in ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase activity was dependent on the concentration of gibberellic acid treated, showing a positive correlation. Gibberellic acid affected the content of total protein in the grape flesh, 49% increase by 75 ppm treatment. Above this concentration, higher gibberellic acid level did not influence the protein expression. Specific activity of the ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase still increased, showing 24% increase in activity. Grape flesh subjected by gibberellic acid (100 ppm) resulted in the increased activity against a natural substrate, stachyose, showing 55% increase in activity from the grapes treated with 100 ppm of gibberellic acid. Other natural substrates, such as melibiose and raffinose, were also considerably hydrolyzed, and the extent was similar to that of stachyose hydrolysis. During postharvest storage, ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase activity in the grape flesh increased by 51% after 20 days and then declined slowly.

Cloning and Characterization of Novel Soluble Acid Invertase Which is Responsible to JA, ABA and GA During Tip Growth of Pea Seedlings (Pisum sativum)

( Dong Giun Kim ),( Jie Sheng Zhang ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.4

The enzyme invertase contributes to sugar unloading, pathogen defense, differentiation and development in plants. We cloned the complete cDNA of a soluble acid invertase from pea seedlings (Pisum sativum) via RT-PCR and the rapid amplification of the cDNA end (RACE) technique. The full-length cDNA of the soluble pea invertase comprised 2237 bp and contained a complete open reading frame encoding 647 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology to soluble acid invertases from various plants. Northern blot analysis demonstrated the soluble acid invertase gene of P. sativum was strongly expressed in sink organs such as shoot tips and root tips, and induced by abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and jasmonic acid in shoots. Especially, gibberellic acid enhanced the gene expression of the soluble acid invertase in a time-dependent manner. This study presents that the gene expression patterns of a soluble acid invertase from pea are strongly consistent with the suggestion that individual invertase gene product has different functions in the growing plant.

포도 ‘캠벨얼리’ 품종의 전엽기 생장조절제 처리가 품질에 미치는 영향

천종필,김병기,배태민,오경영,김진국 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.6

This study was conducted to increase grape quality by treating plant growth regulator (PGR) in ‘Campbell Early’ grape. Foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) at 5 mg·L-1 on flower cluster of ‘Campbell Early’ grape at 3-5 unfolded leaf stage effectively increased columella length, berry weight, soluble solid contents and promoted skin color development. Foliar application of 20 mg·L-1 abscisic acid (ABA) mixed with 5 mg·L-1 of GA3 on flower cluster of ‘Campbell Early’ grape at 3-4 unfolded leaf stage effectively increased skin anthocyanin contents without any detrimental effects on berry enlargement and columella growth. Foliar application of 2.5 mg·L-1 thidiazuron mixed with 5 mg·L-1 of GA3 on flower cluster of ‘Campbell Early’ grape at 3-4 unfolded leaf stage effectively increased fruit quality indices such as higher soluble solid contents and less titratable acidity. 본 연구는 식물생장조절물질을 활용하여 ‘캠벨얼리’ 포도의 품질향상 증진 방안을 마련하기 위하여 실시하였다. 전엽 3∼5엽기에 화방에 대한 지베렐린(GA3) 5 mg·L-1 엽면처리는 ‘캠벨얼리’ 포도의 과경, 과방중, 가용성당함량, 과피의 착색을 증진시켰다. 전엽 3∼4엽기의 화방에 대한 GA3 5 mg·L-1과 ABA 20 mg·L-1 혼용처리는 과립 비대와 과축 신장을 저해하지 않았으며 포도 과피의 안토시아닌 축적에 효과적이었다. ‘캠벨얼리’ 포도의 전엽 3∼4엽기에 화방에 대한 thidiazuron 2.5 mg·L-1과 GA3 5 mg·L-1 혼용처리는 가용성고형물 함량 증진과 산함량 감소를 촉진하여 과실 품질이 증대되었다.

Gibberella fujikuroi ATCC 12616으로 부터 얻어진 변이주 Gibberella fujikuroi G-36의 Gibberellic Acid의 배양조건

오영준 한국산업미생물학회 2000 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.28 No.3

곰팡이 Gibberella fujikuroi ATCC12616을 mutagen, N-methyl-N^1-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine과 hydroxylamine으로 처리하여 지베렐린 생산 수률이 가장 높은 변이주 G. fujikuroi G-36을 선별하였다. 변이주 G. fujikuroi G-36는 모균주 G. fujikuroi ATCC 12616과 비교하여 볼 때 지베렐린 생산수율이 약 32%향상된 것으로 관찰되었다. 이 균주를 액체배지에서 발효시키면 주 탄소원으로 sucrose를 사용할 때 높은 생산성을 나타내었으며 초기배지 pH와 온도는 각각 pH 4.0, 20℃ 조건이 가장 좋았다. 배양온도를 30℃에서 3일 배양후 20℃로 낮추어 7일간 배양하면 130㎎/l의 가장 높은 지베렐린이 생성됨을 알았다. A mutant Gibberella fujikuroi G-36 was selected by metagenesis of Gibberella fujikuroi ATCC 12616 with mutagens such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and hydroxylamine for improving productivity of gibberellic acid. The mutant strain produced gibberellic acid (78㎎/l) more than that of wilde type. A fermentation medium containing glucose, NH_4NO_3, MgSO_4, KH_2PO_4 and trace elements was developed for the maximal production of a gibberellic acid by the mutant. The fluctuating cultural temperature that was varied from 30℃ to 20℃ resulted in higher GA yield than that of fixed cultural temperature at 28℃.

Gibberellic acid를 생산하는 분리주 Gibberella sp.의 배양학적 특성

오영준 한국산업미생물학회 1995 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.23 No.2

토양 시료로부터 순수분리한 Gibberellic acid 생산성을 나타내는 균주 Gibberella sp. Y107을 선별하였다. 분리주 Gibberella sp. Y107은 친균주 Gibberella fujikuroi ATCC12616과 비교하여 볼 때 고체배지상에서 전분이용성이 특이하게 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. 이 균주를 액체배지에서 발효시키면 주 탄소원으로 corn starch를 사용시 다른 보고된 배지조성보다 높은 생산성을 나타내었으며 초기배지 pH와 온도는 각각 pH 5.0, 28℃ 조건이 가장 좋았다. A different form from Gibberella fujikuroi was isolated from the paddy field of Naju area. The strain, designated as Y107, was identified as Gibberrella sp. based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The highest production of Gibberellic acid by the strain was achieved in a fermentation medium containing corn starch, glucose, soybean oil, soybean meal, NH_4NO_3, K_2HPO_4, MgSO_4 and trace elements.

Gibberella fujikuroi(Sawada) Ito & Kimura를 접종(接種)한 수도체내(水稻體內)에서의 Gibberellic acid와 Fusaric acid의 역할(役割)

이영희 한국식물병리학회 1989 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.5 No.2

A membrane-bound NAC transcription factor NTL8 regulates gibberellic acid-mediated salt signaling in Arabidopsis seed germination

Kim, Sang-Gyu,Lee, An-Kyo,Yoon, Hye-Kyung,Park, Chung-Mo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 The Plant journal Vol.55 No.1

<P>Summary</P><P>Gibberellic acid (GA) plays a key role in seed germination through coordinate interactions with other growth hormones and external signals. However, the way in which external signals are incorporated into the GA-signaling pathway is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a membrane-bound NAC transcription factor NTL8 mediates the salt regulation of seed germination via the GA pathway, primarily independently of ABA. <I>NTL8</I> is induced by high salinity. Its expression is also elevated by a GA biosynthetic inhibitor paclabutrazol (PAC), but is repressed by GA. Notably, high salinity greatly represses the <I>GA3 oxidase 1</I> (<I>GA3ox1</I>) gene, supporting the hypothesis that salt signals inhibit seed germination by repressing GA biosynthesis. Induction of <I>NTL8</I> and repression of <I>GA3ox1</I> by high salinity still occur in the ABA-deficient <I>aba3-1</I> mutant. Accordingly, the germination of a T-DNA insertional <I>ntl8-1</I> mutant seed is resistant to high salinity and PAC. Interestingly, <I>NTL8</I> is significantly induced during cold imbibition, but the induction declines quickly in germinating seeds, like <I>RGL2</I>. NTL8 activity is also regulated by controlled proteolytic release of the membrane-bound NTL8 form. Its release from the membranes is activated by PAC and high salinity. Our data support that <I>NTL8</I> modulates GA-mediated salt signaling in regulating seed germination. This regulatory scheme may provide an adaptative fitness, which delays seed germination under high salinity conditions.</P>

Tris (2,2`-bipyridyl) Ruthenium (2)-Ce (4) System을 이용한 Gibberellic Acid의 화학발광법적 정량

이상학 ( Sang Hak Lee ),Seikh Mafiz Alam 한국공업화학회 2007 응용화학 Vol.11 No.2

벼 키다리병 감염 및 발병에 대한 자포니카 벼 품종별 생리적 차이 구명

상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),이현석 ( Hyun Suk Lee ),이민희 ( Min Hee Lee ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),이점호 ( Jeom Ho Lee ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.2

벼 품종에 따른 유묘기 키다리병 발생비율 조사를 위해 남부 평야지에서 재배하는 자포니카 33품종을 대상으로 도장정도와 고사정도를 기준으로 키다리병 발병율을 조사한 결과 남평 등 2품종은 식물체의 1% 이하로 발병하여 키다리병에 저항성이 강한 것으로 나타났으나, 호품 등 9품종은 동일 조건에서 5%이상의 높은 발병율을 보여 키다리병에 대해 감수성인 것으로 나타났다. 키다리병 발병율은 품종에 관계없이 병원균 포자의 농도, 노출시간에 비례하여 증가하며 특히 감수성 품종인 호품벼는 그 증가 속도가 더욱 심함을 알수 있었고 이들 감수성 품종들은 염수선을 통한 종자선정이 특히나 키다리병예방에 중요한 역할을 함을 실험적으로 알수 있었다. 또한 이들 품종간에 지베렐린에 의한 초장 및 중배축 신장 반응 차이가 나타나는 것으로 보아 키다리병 저항성 기작에 지베렐린에 대한 생리적 민감도가 밀접히 연관되어 있음을 추론할수 있다. Rice bakanae disease caused by the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, is one of the most important rice diseases and distributed widely in Asia. Infected seedlings are elongated, more slender and slightly chlorotic when compared to healthy seedlings by the secretion of gibberillic acid(GA3) from the fungus. But resistant responses of rice culivars was unknown yet. The objective of this study is to compare the response of different cultivars of rice to infection with bakanae and treatment with gibberellic acid. Resistance evaluation of 33 rice varieties against Fusarium fujikuroi was conducted in field seedling test. Finally, Two resistant cultivars(Nampyong, Saenuri) and thirty-one susceptive cultivars(Hopum., etc) were selected. And the length of the elongated seedlings was measured, and the percentage of death of the seedlings after infection was also counted. The disease symptoms such as leaf dryness were appeared in the ``Nampyeongbyeo`` from 30 days at the concentration of 104pores/㎖culturing at 30℃ and then the other varieties withered 20 days after seeding. And susceptive cultivar was more faster than resistant cultivar in seed germination and stem elongation. Thus, a significant correlation might be found between the length of the seedling treated with GA3 and disease injury by bakanae fungus. This study indicated GA related genes might be important resources for improvement of bakanae resistance in rice breeding programs.

Ameliorative effects of Dictyota dichotoma on hepatotoxicity induced by gibberellic acid in albino rats

Ali Shaimaa,Moselhy Walaa A.,Mohamed Hanaa M.,Nabil Taghreed M.,Abo El-Ela Fatma I.,Abdou Kh. 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.3

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural plant growth regulator that is crucial for plant structural and functional development. We examined the alleviating capacity of brown algae (Dictyota dichotoma) on biochemical and molecular degenerative processes caused by sub-chronic exposure to gibberellic acid resulting in hepatic cell apoptosis. Adult male albino rats were divided into five equal groups: the first group received distilled water, the second group was treated with GA3, the third group was administered D. dichotoma extract suspended in 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), the fourth group was administered both GA3 and D. dichotoma simultaneously, and the fifth group received 1% CMC orally, 5 days per week for a total of 50 days. The results indicated that GA3 induced a significant increase in liver function parameters based on serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin, which indicate hepatotoxicity. A marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a marked decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed as a result of induction of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Histopathology revealed severely degenerated hepatocytes including cytoplasmic vacuolations and many apoptotic cells with weak Bcl2 expression. Similarly, there was a significant up-regulation of gene and protein expression levels for the pro-apoptotic markers, Caspase-3 and Bax, and an increase in pro-inflammatory marker levels, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as C-reactive protein (CRP). The co-administration of D. dichotoma restored the disrupted biochemical, histopathological, molecular, and inflammatory changes resulting from GA3 toxicity. Our results confirm the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and hepatoprotective potential of D. dichotoma.