스마트 IoT 게이트웨이 플랫폼 그리고 Use Case

임담섭,정현규,민경현,예쉬화,Rustam Rakhimov Igorevich,김성호,한기홍 한국엔터프라이즈아키텍처학회 2016 정보기술아키텍처연구 Vol.13 No.4

Technology and trends in the IoT field are being developed focusing on the respectiveplatforms and standards of IoT devices and IoT gateways. In this paper, we propose Smart IoTGateway Platform by summarizing the role of IoT Device, IoT Gateway, and Cloud Service usingIoT technology. We present the roles of various platforms (Curie Board, Android, etc.) of IoT Deviceand present Smart IoT Gateway that connects, manages and controls IoT devices. In addition, wepropose the architecture of Cloud Service for environment that consists of IoT Device and SmartIoT Gateway. In this paper, we implemented the Smart IoT Gateway Platform as a prototype andpresented the cloud services for the customer and manager needs. IoT 분야의 기술과 동향은 IoT Device와 IoT Gateway의 각각의 플랫폼이나 표준에 초점에맞춰 발전하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IoT 기술을 활용하여 IoT Device, IoT Gateway, Cloud Service들의 역할에 대해 정리하여 Smart IoT Gateway Platform을 제시하고 있다. IoT Device들로 존재할 수 있는 다양한 플랫폼(Curie Board, Android등)이 하는 역할과 이를 연결, 관리 및 제어하는Smart IoT Gateway, IoT Device와 Smart IoT Gateway로 구성되어있는 환경에 맞는 CloudService의 Architecture에 대해 제시하고, 프로토타입 형태로 Smart IoT Gateway Platform을 구현하고, 고객 및 관리자 니즈에 맞는 Cloud Service들을 제시하였다.

전자지급결제대행업의 법적 지위와 책임에 대한 검토 -신용카드PG에 관하여-

이규태 ( Lee Kyu Tae ) 한국지급결제학회 2021 지급결제학회지 Vol.13 No.1

간편결제 및 전자지급결제대행업계는 언택트 시대를 맞아 폭발적으로 성장하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이를 규율하는 법령에 대한 논의는 비교적 활발하지 않다고 생각된다. 이 논문에서는 전자지급결제대행업에 대하여 규정한 관련 법률, 신용카드PG업에 대한 계약 구조를 통하여 전자지급결제대행업의 법적 책임 범위에 대하여 살펴본 후, 이러한 현행법령 체계 및 계약 구조에 대하여 그 개선점을 모색한다. 특정 사례로 할부거래에 대한 거래 취소 상황에서 책임 범위에 대하여 살펴보기로 한다. 이러한 법령 및 규제 개선을 통하여 이를 통하여 언택트 시대에 급성장하고 있는 간편 결제, 전자지급결제대행업 등 지급 결제 시장의 활성화를 도모하고, 온라인 마켓의 활성화에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다. Electronic payment system has advanced considerably over recent years. In addition, pandemic situation stimulates online shopping market. Because of that, payment gateway business is also prospering. Nevertheless, there are some improvement points in law which rules the payment gateway business. This paper will discuss legal issues about the payment gateway. Firstly, Chapter Ⅱ discusses that Specialized Credit Financial Business Act and Electronic Financial Transaction Act which regulate the payment gateway business. In addition, Chapter Ⅱ addresses contract relations who involved in the payment gateway business. Chapter Ⅲ discusses legal responsibility of the payment gateway business. It analyzes who burden the responsibility when the compensation for damages occurs in the payment gateway business. Payment gateway companies has too heavy burden compare to their roles. Therefore, this paper will discuss some legal issues to improve. Finally, Chapter Ⅳ summarizes the issues and makes suggestions to improve laws which regulate the payment gateway business. It can encourage the payment gateway business to flourish.

Context-Aware Mobile Gateway Relocation Scheme for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

Encarnacion, Nico N.,Yang, Hyunho The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.10 No.4

In recent years, researchers have been attracted to clustering methods to improve communication and data transmission in a network. Compared with traditional wireless networks, wireless sensor networks are energy constrained and have lower data rates. The concept of implementing a clustering algorithm in an existing project on gateway relocation is being explored here. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is applied to an existing study on relocating a gateway. The study is further improved by moving the gateway to a specific cluster based on the number or significance of the events detected. The protocol is improved so that each cluster head can communicate with a mobile gateway. The cluster heads are the only nodes that can communicate with the mobile gateway when it (the mobile gateway) is out of the cluster nodes' transmission range. Once the gateway is in range, the nodes will begin their transmission of real-time data. This alleviates the load of the nodes that would be located closest to the gateway if it were static.

Clustering-Based Mobile Gateway Management in Integrated CRAHN-Cloud Network

( Ling Hou ),( Angus K. Y. Wong ),( Alan K. H. Yeung ),( Steven S. O. Choy ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.7

The limited storage and computing capacity hinder the development of cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs). To solve the problem, a new paradigm of cloud-based CRAHN has been proposed, in which a CRAHN will make use of the computation and storage resources of the cloud. This paper envisions an integrated CRAHN-cloud network architecture. In this architecture, some cognitive radio users (CUs) who satisfy the required metrics could perform as mobile gateway candidates to connect other ordinary CUs with the cloud. These mobile gateway candidates are dynamically clustered according to different related metrics. Cluster head and time-to-live value are determined in each cluster. In this paper, the gateway advertisement and discovery issues are first addressed to propose a hybrid gateway discovery mechanism. After that, a QoS-based gateway selection algorithm is proposed for each CU to select the optimal gateway. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the overall scheme, which incorporates the proposed clustering and gateway selection algorithms. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve about 11% higher average throughput, 10% lower end-to-end delay, and 8% lower packet drop fractions compared with the existing scheme.

Validation of CAN-CAN Gateway in the Automotive Network System

Junwon Kim,KeyHo Kwon,JaeWook Jeon 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Currently, the increasing functions required for the automobile are making the automotive network more complicated. As this complexity grows, the increment of network bus load is one of the problems. To solve this issue, using a gateway is one solution. However, if one behavior in the gateway goes wrong, sending accurate information to the gateway or Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of another domain is impossible, and this will bring malfunctions to the automotive system. Currently there are no definite evaluation entries for gateway behavior, or evaluation standards for the stability and reliability of a network using the gateway. The purpose of this paper is to propose entries for validating CAN-CAN gateway behavior, and a validation method. Also, this paper validates the entries and the method by using an embedded system gateway.

발신번호 변작장비(VoIP Gateway)의 포렌식 기법과 자동화 도구 개발에 관한 연구

송광근(Kwangkeun Song),윤지원(Jiwon Yoon),이상진(Sangjin Lee) 한국디지털포렌식학회 2021 디지털 포렌식 연구 Vol.15 No.4

보이스피싱은 연간 6,000억 원 이상의 피해가 발생될 만큼 사회적으로 문제가 되는 범죄이다. 이는 전화 통신을 악용한 것으로 VoIP Gateway 장비를 통해 발신번호를 변작한 뒤 수신자에게 전화를 걸어 속이는 사기 수법이다. 2019년 1월부터 2021년 7월까지 증거분석의뢰가 된 VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol) Gateway 장비 중 Shenzhen Ejoin Technology社의 ACOM 제품이 전체 98%를 차지할 만큼 범행에 많이 사용되고 있다. 그리고 여전히 범죄자들은 인터넷에 고수익 아르바이트 구인공고를 게시한 뒤 금전적으로 어려움이 있는 대학생, 주부 등을 속인 후 집에 장비 설치를 유도하여 미인식 공범을 양산하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 아직까지 장비 자체를 대상으로 분석한 연구결과는 확인하지 못하였다. 본 논문은 IP 전화 통신의 기본 배경 지식과 전화의 흐름을 설명하고 ACOM 장비를 대상으로 발신번호 변작 시 VoIP Gateway와 연동할 수 있는 시스템들을 파악한다. 또한 장비의 휘발성 데이터 및 플래시 메모리에 저장된 비휘발성 데이터 분석을 통해 포렌식 기법을 제시하고 자동으로 획득, 분석할 수 있는 도구를 소개한다. Phone scam crimes become a social problem that causes cost damages of over 600 billion won per year. In these crimes, VoIP Gateways are used in order to manipulate calling number that makes a callee mistakenly deceived by a caller which is the result of an abuse of telephony. Among the VoIP Gateways requested for digital evidence analysis from Jan. 2019. to Jun. 2021., Shenzhen Ejoin Technology"s ACOM products are most commonly used that it accounts for 98% of the total. Furthermore, criminals still and constantly post a part-time job opening on the internet that may induce college students, housewives with financial difficulties to install the equipment in their own homes, making countless unwitting accomplices as a result. However, any research targeting VoIP Gateways has not yet been published so far. This paper describes the overall theoretical background and basic call flow of IP telephony, and deals with interoperable systems when phone numbers are changed by VoIP Gateways. As a result, not only it proposes forensic method of volatile and non volatile data based on analysis of ACOM products, but introduces automation tool that enables acquire and analysis of the system.

Home Network 게이트웨이에서효율적인 MSAC 설계 및 구현

윤운관,최경호,김귀남 한국융합보안학회 2006 융합보안 논문지 Vol.6 No.1

경에서 통신과 제어 및 모니터링의 중심 역할과 더블어 외부 인터넷으로의 연결을 물리적으로 제공해 주는 장비이다. 홈게이트웨이를 통하여 홈네트워크 제어를 포함하는 다양한 서비스가 제공되고 있으며 홈 게이트웨이가 댁내망의 매체들간에 중재역할을 할 때 서비스 외부 공격 요인들로부터 데이터의 분석, 도청, 위/변조 등으로부터 대응할 수 있는 효율적인 보안기법을 채택하고, 홈 게이트웨이무결성을 보장하는 구조적인 보안시스템을 제시하고자 한다. Home Gateway which composes Home network in Ubiquitous Computing environment is an equipment to provide the connection with the external Internet Physically, and it carry out the role which communication, control and monitor is important. But Home gateway has potential threats because it connected on external Internet as spillage user’s information from outside wrongdoers. Consequently, Home gateway has to have security module and structure for the communication which is sate. In this research paper, We designed Home gateway security structure for the communication which is protected when computer user use the computer from the outside to home to send information or important data.

어린이보호구역에서 Gateway가 주행차량속도 감소에 미치는 효과

임성준,최지한,오세진 대한교통학회 2020 대한교통학회지 Vol.38 No.2

In the past five years, 31 children have been died and 2,581 children injured in School Zone. As a result of frequent accidents in School Zone, there is growing concern about safety measure for the Transportation Vulnerable. In order to prevent accidents occurring in School Zone, the government and the private agencies are seeking various safety measures. Most of safety measures are installing and operating the traffic safety facilities, and the main purpose of the operation is to reduce vehicle speeds. Currently, safety sings, driver feedback sign, speed bumps and speed cameras are in operation to reduce vehicle speeds. Interventions, except for expensive speed cameras and speed bumps, were found to be ineffective compared with the cost. Therefore, alternative interventions need to be considered in terms of cost, long-term effects and visibility. This study verified the effect of Gateway (Gateway in-street sign) on vehicle speeds and drivers’ compliance with speed limit. The experiment was conducted in a school zone in Dongjak-gu, Seoul. A total of 3,378 vehicle speeds were measured. The results demonstrated that the Gateway was effective in reducing vehicle speeds and increasing speed limit compliance. Based on these results, it will be possible to find ways to consider human factors in the operation and design of traffic safety facilities in the future. 최근 5년간 어린이보호구역 내에서 31명의 어린이가 사망하고 2,581명의 어린이가 부상을 입었다. 이와 같이 어린이보호구역에서 빈번하게 발생되는 사고로 교통약자에 대한 안전대책의 국민적 관심도가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 어린이보호구역에서 발생되는 사고를 예방하기 위해 정부 및 지자체에서도 다양한 안전대책을 모색하고 있다. 이에 대해 정부 및 지자체는 주로 교통안전시설물 및 도로 내 부속물을 설치하여 운영하고 있는데 운영의 주목적은 주행차량의 감속이다. 구체적으로 주행차량의 속도를 감소시키기 위한 방안으로 안전표지, 가변속도표출기, 과속방지턱 그리고 과속단속카메라가 운영되고 있다. 고비용인 과속단속카메라와 과속방지턱을 제외한 개입들은 비용에 비해 효과적이지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 비용적 측면, 장기적인 효과 그리고 시인성에 있어 대안적인 개입이 고려될 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Gateway (관문형안전표지)가 주행차량 속도에 미치는 영향 그리고 규정속도 준수여부에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 실험은 서울시 동작구 소재 어린이보호구역에서 진행되었으며, 총 3,378대의 차량 속도를 측정하였다. 연구결과, Gateway는 주행차량 감속 및 규정속도 준수에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 인적요인을 고려한 어린이보호구역 교통안전시설물 운용 및 설계방안을 모색해 볼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Pseudo MOST 프로토콜 기반 자동차용 네트워크 통합 게이트웨이 시스템 개발

안성수(Sung-Su Ahn),김우현(Woo-Hyun Kim) 大韓電子工學會 2011 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.48 No.6

본 논문은 다른 종류의 프로토콜을 가지는 자동차 네트워크를 통합하기 위해 MOST 네트워크를 백본으로 하는 게이트웨이 시스템에 대한 것이다. 서로 다른 프로토콜들의 상위 계층의 메시지와 데이터 구조에 상관없이 서로간의 통신을 위해 MOST와 비슷한 구조를 가지는 Pseudo MOST 프로토콜을 설계하여 이를 데이터 수송을 위한 매개체로 이용하였다. 자동차 네트워크에 적용하기위해 일체형 게이트웨이와 소형 독립형 게이트웨이 두 가지 타입이 개발되었다. 일체형 게이트웨이는 이더넷포트 영상 및 음성 포트를 가지고 있는 반면 소형 독립형 게이트웨이는 영상 음성 블루투스 그리고 Flexray용으로 각각 개발되었다. 소형 독립형 게이트웨이를 이용한 네트워크 시스템 실험을 통해 개발된 게이트웨이가 서로 다른 프로토콜간의 데이터 송수신이 효율적으로 수행될 수 있음을 보여주었고 자동차 네트워크 통합용으로도 활용이 가능함을 보여주었다. This paper describes a gateway system based on a MOST network for integrating several different automotive network protocols. For transparent data communication among different protocols regardless of the high-level messages and the data format Pseudo MOST frame was designed based on MOST frame and this pseudo MOST data frame is used as the data carrier. For automotive application two types of gateways were developed one board-type gateway and small-sized module-type gateways. One board-type gateway has ethernet port video port and audio port. Meanwhile small-sized module-type gateways are developed for video audio bluetooth and Flexray respectively. Experiments with a network system using several small-sized module gateways verified efficient data communication among different network protocols and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed gateway system for automotive network integration.

Design and Implementation of Security Function According to Routing Method in Automotive Gateway

박진서,김대현,서일홍 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.1

In recent years, vehicle networks require high bandwidth due to the increasing complexity of electronic control devices for vehicles due to the demand for advanced driving aids, infotainment and V2X communication. Therefore, Ethernet protocol was introduced and vehicle gateway system was newly introduced in vehicle system. The vehicle gateway system provides an interface for continuously connecting and exchanging vehicle data in different communication environments between the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol and the Ethernet network protocol. There are two types of data exchange in the vehicle gateway. These are direct routing and indirect routing. Vehicle gateways are connected to external networks, which can lead to security vulnerabilities. So it needs security function to ensure message integrity. Recently, vehicle manufacturers have introduced gateway systems with security features that operate to verify the integrity of messages using cipher-based message authentication codes (CMAC). But applying security functions to a gateway system introduces delays in performing security functions. Therefore, in this paper, to design stable and efficient the vehicle gateway system with security function, we have tested and evaluated the latency time that can occur according to the routing methods which are direct routing and indirect routing.